• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2019

Many construction developers have tried to develop the international PPP (Public-Private Partnership) projects but frequently failed to gain loan investor approval from loan investor. Many of these failures were caused by the risk attitude gaps among project stakeholder. This study aims to compare the risk attitude between the construction investor and loan investor. This study investigated how much differently 21 construction investors and 21 loan investor recognize the risk magnitude corresponding to the same three risk status of 27 risk factors. Construction investors show a more risk-seeking attitude than loan investor in 58 of 81 risk status. Loan investors show a more risk-averse attitude than construction investors in 9 risk factors. These results will contribute to developing the successful PPP project by reducing the risk perception gap between construction investors and loan investors.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The reduction of nitrogen to produce ammonia has been attracting much attention as a renewable energy technology. Ammonia is the basis for many fertilizers and is also considered an energy carrier that can power internal combustion engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, and fuel cells. Traditionally, ammonia has been produced through the Haber-Bosch process, in which atmospheric nitrogen combines with hydrogen at high temperature ($350-550^{\circ}C$) and high pressure (150-300 bar). This process consumes 1-2% of current global energy production and relies on fossil fuels as an energy source. Reducing the energy input required for this process will reduce $CO_2$ emissions and the corresponding environmental impact. For this reason, developing electrochemical ammonia-production methods under ambient temperature and pressure conditions should significantly reduce the energy input required to produce ammonia. In this review, we introduce the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction at ambient condition. Numerical studies on the electrochemical nitrogen reduction mechanism have been carried out through the computation of density function theory. Electrodes such as nanowires and porous electrodes have been also actively studied for further participation in electrochemical reactions.

• Informatization Policy
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.3-23
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• 2019

This review article summarizes the trends and issues around the mobility business and government regulations in Korea. Key issues identified involve unclear government regulations, conflict management between key stakeholders, platform labor, and regional conflicts. The study then offers an overview of the current government regulations on the mobility business and conflict management, along with some policy recommendations in the areas of linking conflict resolution efforts with the welfare safety net, and corporates' social responsibility for the sustainable ecosystem. Ultimately, an ecosystem is required for multiple ministries and stakeholders to participate in the process of improving the regulations, as well as a control tower (government agency) who plays the pivotal role as a coordinator.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.163-181
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• 2004

Group key agreement protocols are designed to solve the fundamental problem of securely establishing a session key among a group of parties communicating over a public channel. Although a number of protocols have been proposed to solve this problem over the years, they are not well suited for a high-delay wide area network; their communication overhead is significant in terms of the number of communication rounds or the number of exchanged messages, both of which are recognized as the dominant factors that slow down group key agreement over a networking environment with high communication latency. In this paper we present a communication-efficient group key agreement protocol and prove its security in the random oracle model under the factoring assumption. The proposed protocol provides perfect forward secrecy and requires only a constant number of communication rounds for my of group rekeying operations, while achieving optimal message complexity.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.107-128
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• 2021

It has been recognized that implementing the marginal price mechanism to CBP is not acceptable due to the lack of revenue of the marginal generators. This study shows that it is not the problem of marginal price mechanism but the structural problems originated by the suspension of restructuring, the technical limits of RSC program and inaccuracy of the generation cost estimation method. This study explains the method to calculate the cost function in operating modes of the CC generators and proposes the modeling for the CC generators in RSC program. To implementing the cost function in operating modes could give an opportunity to change the price setting mechanism from average to marginal cost. The price setting mechanism based on the marginal cost will be one of the main points to provide the right price signals and to introduce a real-time and A/S markets to prepare the energy transition era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.977-986
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• 2021

This study was processed to improve educational efficiency of the specialized fishing education program, which is conducted for safety of fishermen and protection of marine resources by analyzing the problems. The research method was carried out as a case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods. Participants selected recipient and related experts for the education. As a result three problems and six improvement plans are deduced; renewal of educational system, improvement upon quality of education, and systemization of training expert instructor were the problems, followed by improvements which are increase in instruction time, expansion of budget, diversification of education program, enlargement on practical training, systemized instructor training, and specialized education according to region. These results will play a key role in enhancing the educational efficiency of specialized fishing education and suppressing social problems caused by the expansion of the fishing industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.443-443
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• 2021

국내 하천, 호소에 유입되는 오염물질 중 30% 이상이 농업 활동 등으로부터 기인한다. 정부 부처는 '04년부터 농업 비점오염원 저감 대책을 수립·시행하고 있으나 농촌 인구 고령화, 열악한 재정환경, 관행화·고착화 된 농법 등으로 인해 주민참여 및 대책 적용의 한계가 있었다. 금호강 상류 보현산댐 유역은 대부분 임야로 고현천 등 상류 하천변에 사과원이 밀집되어 있다. 또한, 유역면적이 32.16km²로 좁고, 유로 연장 5km 이내로 짧으며 하천 경사가 급해 강우시 토양 유실량이 많고 유출속도가 빠르다. 이러한 유역 특성상 상류 사과원은 '16년 보현산댐 담수 이후 매년 반복적으로 발생하는 녹조 등 수질 문제를 초래하는 주요 비점오염원으로 지역사회 이슈가 되었다. 이에 따라 K-water는 낙동강수계관리위원회 환경기초조사사업의 일환으로 지역주민들과 논의를 통하여 댐 상류 사과원에 친환경농법(심층시비)를 적용하고 수질 개선 효과를 분석하였다. 심층시비는 과수 주변 토양 천공 후 퇴비를 시비하는 친환경농법으로 표층시비에 비해 초기 강우유출 오염물질량을 저감하고 퇴비 사용량도 줄일 수 있다. 금번 연구에서 실제 운영 중인 농지('19년 24천평, '20년 27천평)을 대상으로 심층시비를 시범적용한 결과, 퇴비 사용량은 표층시비의 50% 수준으로 감소하였고 과수 생육 및 품질에는 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 강우 시 유출농도는 표층시비 대비 TOC 5.0~41.3%, T-P 4.0~57.3% 감소했다. HSPF 유역 모델링 분석 결과, 전체 과수원 중 70% 농지에 심층시비를 적용한 경우, 하절기 유역 T-P 유입부하량이 5.0~6.8%(소유역 최대 28.2%) 감소하는 것으로 예측되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 심층시비를 확대 적용하고 유역 수질관리에 기여하고자 한다.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

Software compliance is an essential process when Open Source Software is included in software development to avoid such as license violation issue. However, analyzing quite big software which involves many developers requires enormous time and hard difficulty. To resolve these kinds of problem, SPDX formalizes and standardize the metadata about the software package. When the use of SPDX is activated, software package analysis would be simple and could contribute fair Open Source Software distribution. In this paper, we develop blockchain based SPDX distribution platform which fulfills the requirement of SPDX lifecycle to provide SPDX database which does not depend on particular centralized service but serve as distributed ledger and control by user's certification and their purpose. Moreover, to contribute invigoration of blockchain based SPDX distribution platform, we develop SPDX document generation plug-in for integrated development environment such as Visual Studio.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• 통권33호
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• pp.153-172
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• 2013

There are many cases that messages of boring contents of most contents with public interests appear on the surface. Audiences don't think these contents are interesting. It is true that animations cannot be generally boring when delivering messages of public interests. was produced to focus on making audiences experience that a global warming story, the boring and textbook contents is interesting. And it was composed by the multiform story to realize narration through audiences' participation by utilizing the characteristics of live windows, not just watching the animation. This paper examines the differences between theaters and live window through the case that was produced and examples which utilized interaction for audiences' participation based on this. It analyzes the differences between environments according to characteristics of places and audiences in the differences between the theaters and live window, examines the examples to utilize interaction focusing on the process that narration is gradually changed as response to user environment design and interaction for unspecified individuals, and suggests direction that animation should move forward as public art based on the results to show the animation in Millano Piazza. According to the characteristics of live windows, the audiences of are people in the streets who are heading for different destinations, not the ones who come to theaters to watch the animation. Showing the animation with narration to them was a new attempt. When it began to show it in Millano Piazza, the audiences were very satisfied with the experiences that the stories were changed as they participated in it by themselves and naturally thought of global warming problems. You cannot know how the message of change people's habits and thoughts for the present, but this attempt was an opportunity that animations play the social role. Many animations are being produced in the world. Most of them are being done to aim at theaters, TVs, and film festivals. They should meet audiences through more various methods. One of them is animations as public art. And can be the new attempt in this sense. And in the future, animations as public art should make efforts to show you interesting experiences that you can share thoughts to be able to live together. As art of various media is changing to the one which considers public interests, animations can be new types of public art by integrating them with various technologies.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• 제36호
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• pp.327-363
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• 2018

This paper tracks the present state of the Gugak educational programs run by Gugak-specialized museums including Museum of Gugak not only to set a directionality of Museum of Gugak to step forward for their main purposes, but also to find measures to invigorate its Gugak educational programs. There are 826 museums registered in 2016 nationwide, and ten of them are Gugak-specialized museums including Museum of Gugak. An analysis of the educational programs by Museum of Gugak presents high achievements in concentrativeness, participation and satisfaction levels. However, several issues such as difficulty level adjustment, education period arrangement, contents development, setting of a precise aim of education, and overcoming of regional limitations are to be solved in the future. Considering these special circumstances, the study suggests setting a directionality of Gugak education by following four conditions: Firtly, the Gugak education programs by Museum of Gugak should be user-oriented. Secondly, it is necessary to provide customized learning programs to suit users of various ages and generations. Thirdly, a solid education is required to enhance creativity deviating from uniform, unilateral, fragmentary education focused on materials and relics of museums as the users' experiences and learning levels vary. Fourthly, integrated education with relevant study in common use is required as the specialized environments of the museum could cause users psychological resistance and lessen their willingness to approach. Focusing on these four conditions several invigoration measures for the Gugak education programs are discussed: Firstly, a step-by-step approach, not a radical shift, is required in order to turn existing programs into the user-oriented. Secondly, customized learning programs should be planned in consideration of life cycle of the users. Thirdly, it is necessary to establish virtuous circulation reflecting activity-based contents as well as to provide the users experiences through five senses for solid Gugak education, in which various elements such as experiencing, learning, playing, viewing are reflected manifoldly. Fourthly, integrated education can be implemented when the features of Gugak educational programs are internally structured and the external environment matures.