• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.331-335
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• 2011

흔히 진흙으로 불리는 점착성 유사는 모래 등의 비점착성 유사와는 다른 특성을 보인다. 가장 큰 특징은 점착력에 의해 서로 엉겨 붙어 큰 덩어리(플럭)를 형성하고 다시 큰 플럭이 파괴되는 과정인 응집현상(Flocculation Process)을 보인다는 것이다. 이 응집현상의 과정을 통해 플럭은 크기 및 밀도를 지속적으로 변화시킨다. 크기 및 밀도의 변화는 플럭의 침강속도를 변화시켜 점착성 유사의 부유, 퇴적, 이송, 확산의 과정에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 응집현상은 플럭의 침강속도 뿐 아니라 부피농도와 질량농도 사이의 비선형적 관계를 야기하여 흐름 운동량 방정식 유도, 난류의 모형화 등에서도 비점착성 유사와 다른 방향으로 진행된다. 점착성 유사가 우세한 지역의 또 다른 특성은 자기하중에 의한 압밀현상에 따라 발생하는 가변적인 한계소류력이다. 따라서 점착성 유사의 이동을 모형화 하는 과정에서는 가변적인 침식율의 가정 등을 통해 이에 대한 고려가 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 흐름의 운동량 방정식 및 난류 모형에서는 플럭의 부피 농도와 질량농도가 각 항의 물리적 의미에 부합하도록 개별적으로 선택 및 적용되어야 질량보존의 문제 등으로 발생할 수 있는 계산상의 오류를 배제할 수 있다. 적용 결과, 점착성 유사가 우세한 지역에서 나타나는 높은 부유 및 흐름정체기에서의 부유사 존재 등의 특성이 점착성 유사 이동을 위한 모형에서 보다 합리적으로 계산된다는 사실이 확인되었다. 그리고 비점착성 유사에 적합한 이동 모형이 점착성이 우세한 지역에 적용될 경우, 상황에 따라 유사량을 과대 및 과소 산정할 수 있다는 결론이 도출되었다. 조류의 영향이 존재하는 하구부의 경우에는 조류의 형태와 비대칭성에 따라 유사량의 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 조류의 형태는 주로 하구부의 지형에 의해 결정되므로 준설, 매립, 확폭 등과 같은 하구부에서의 사업이 진행되는 경우, 유사량 변화에 대한 고려가 반드시 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.438-438
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• 2018

최근 여름철 강우로 인한 도시시설과 공공시설의 피해가 급증화되고 대형화 되면서 이에 대한 피해를 최소화하여 피해를 최대한 줄이는 객관적인 판단이 필요하다. 특히, 하천정비계획지구의 경우에는 치수사업의 타당성을 판단할 수 있는 경제성분석이 중요하다. 치수사업의 경제성분석 방법을 연구할 수 있는 방법으로는 다차원 홍수피해 산정방법((Multi-Dimension Flood Damage Assessment; MD-FDA)이 치수사업의 경제성 분석을 계량 평가하는 방법으로 주로 사용되고 있다. 다차원 홍수피해 산정방법은 홍수피해 유형과 토지이용을 고려한 침수피해액 산정이 가능한 경제성 분석 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 SG정비계획지구 13개소(축제 및 확폭지구 4개소, 보축 및 하도준설지구 9개소)에 대해 다차원 홍수피해 산정방법을 이용하여 치수경제성 분석을 실시하였다. 치수경제성 분석을 위해 해당지역의 주거지역, 농업지역, 산업지역의 대상자산을 분석하여 자산가치를 분석하고 빈도별 홍수량에 대응하는 침수심과 침수편입율을 추정하여 침수지역의 자산액을 조사하였다. 조사된 자료를 활용하여 사업 시행전후에 대한 직접피해액을 자산피해와 인명피해로 구분하여 치수경제성 대상지구의 홍수규모별 예상피해액을 산정하였다. 그리고 피해액을 근거로 하여 비용편익비(B/C)를 활용하여 최종적인 치수경제성 분석을 진행하였다. 분석결과, 대상지구 3개 지구에서 B/C가 1이상의 값을 가져 사업의 경제성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 활용하여 B/C가 1이하인 계획지구에 대해서도 치수사업의 일관성 및 지역주민의 안정된 생활보장을 위해 지속적인 사업의 시행이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2019

This present study conducted the impact of the restoration of low-flow channel on fish habitat in a reach of the Wonju Stream, Korea. The target species were Zacco koreanus, a dominant species in the middle- and upper-stream of Wonju Stream. The River2D model was used for the computation of the flow and the habitat suitability index model was used to estimate the quantity and quality of fish habitat using habitat suitability curves. In order to restore the study area, the low-flow channel was identified through the bankfull discharge of the study reach, and the best hydraulic section was designed. In addition, various restoration techniques were applied to the low-flow channel through rocks, pool/riffle structures, and the change of the channel width. Simulation results indicated that the restoration of the best hydraulic section effects decreased habitat suitability for the target species. However, when various restoration techniques were applied, the WUA (Weighted Usable Area) was improved by about 11%.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1B
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• pp.99-106
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• 2006

Due to both global warming and constructions of seadike/seawalls, continuously or abruptly rising tendencies of extreme high water levels have been detected at Kunsan and Mokpo harbors. This paper deals firstly with the separation of each effect, namely global warming effect and construction effect, on increases of water level quantitatively by a linear regression method. And then, it can be explained why and how the extreme high water levels had been risen just after constructions at both harbors. A numerical simulation of $M_2$ tidal constituent at Mokpo coastal zone shows that the tidal amplification by constructions is mainly due to the extinguishment of TCE at Mokpogu. The tidal flat effect makes the amplification more deepen at spring tide or extreme high tide, which results in the increase of inundation risk at Mokpo harbor. A frequency analysis method is applied, which is shown to be effective at such a site of having non-homogeneous tidal data due to constructions as Mokpo harbor.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3B
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• pp.153-159
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• 2012

In this study, we proposed modified settling basins transformed by substituting the downstream sill for low head weirs such as generic labyrinth weir and inclined crest labyrinth weir worked as internal baffles. Laboratory experiments were carried out to understand hydraulic characteristics inside of the settling basin to improve the efficiency of sedimentation rate. For a quantitative analysis, we suggested the headwater ratio($H_t/P$), the magnification ratio(L/W) and the inflow rate per total crest length($q_L$) as primary analysis indexes for sedimentation efficiency. Six different types of settling basin were used for labscaled pilot tests by distinguishing with internal structures. Based on results, the variation of headwater ratio with the change of magnification ratio would highly affect the deposition efficiency(%) and it was improved under specific condition that repeating arrange number(N) of labyrinth weir was between 2 and 4. Also, the regression analysis showed that initial condition and shape for improving sedimentation efficiency were plotted on the graph for both $q_L{\geq}3.5cm^2/s$ and $L/W{\leq}3.5$. It would be expected that the geometrically optimized labyrinth settling basin could be designed with proper deposition efficiency for inflow rates of influent and required area of settling basin utilizing the proposed analysis index in this study.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.401-417
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• 2020

As an increasing demand for rapid railway transportation, the construction of sidetrack is inevitable to operate local and express trains simultaneously. However, the current technologies for the sidetrack construction method require a long construction period by interrupting the operation of the existing subway line, as well as cause a huge economic loss. Thus, it is necessary to study the sidetrack construction method under the special situation that the subway is in operation and to analyze the risk of the existing tunnel enlargement process for the sidetrack construction. Therefore, in this paper, the Government Complex Gwacheon station on Subway Line 4 was considered as a target station for the virtual sidetrack construction and the optimal sidetrack construction plan was derived. Subsequently, the application of risk management process was carried out in the order of identifying risk, risk response planning, performing a risk analysis, risk monitoring and control for potential risk events during the construction of sidetrack under the subway operation. A total of eight potential risk events and risk mitigation methods were selected, and a risk assessment matrix was established using the five-step risk probability and impact level criteria to perform the risk assessment including residual risks. Based on the results of the risk assessment, the risk grade and the reduction effect of each risk mitigation method were confirmed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.333-342
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• 1995

A user - oriented computer model to aid designing forest road is developed to release the burden by increasing efficiency of time - consuming and laborious road design works. In this paper, the structures and functions of the model are discussed. The model consists of functional modules : 1)input module to treat survey data and design criteria ; 2)road design module to generate preliminary road layout, horizontal and vertical curvatures and curve widening ; 3)earthwork analysis module to determine the economic mass movement ; 4)report writer module to produce hard copies of engineering drawings for plan views, cross - sections and profiles, earthwork calculation sheets and mass movement diagrams. In addition, the report writer also provides the information on earthwork disturbance along the cut and - fill slopes. The modules are designed to be fully - integrated to enable the users to perform engineering analyses and evaluate design alternatives in a series of road - design procedures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.313-325
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• 2011

Finite element grid system using h-refinement on the Yellow Sea was constructed based on previous study (Suh, 1999b) from 14 K to 210 K and special attention was concentrated on refining the coastal zone. In grid generation, depth change between adjacent points and non-dimensional tidal wave length ratio were considered. As a result approximately a quarter of the total nodes are located nearby 5 m of shallow area. Accurate bathymetry data using 30's and ETOPO1 with open boundary conditions of 8 major tidal constituents extracted automatically from FES2004 have been applied. In tidal simulation a 3-dimensional nonlinear harmonic model was setup and tidal amplification due to changes in vertical turbulent and bottom friction were simulated. In this study not only 8 major tidal constituents but also nonlinear shallow tides $M_4,$, $MS_4$ and long period $M_f,$, $M_{sf}$ were reproduced. It is found that implication of spatial variation of friction coefficient plays a very important role in reproduction of astronomical and shallow tides which are computed by iterative computation of nonlinear terms. Also it should be considered differently with respect to tidal periods. To understand the distribution of tidal asymmetry, amplitude ratio of $M_4/M_2$ and phase differences $2g(M_2)-g(M_4)$ were calculated. Tidal distortion ratio marks up to 0.2 on the west coast showing shallow coastal characteristics and somewhat wide range of ebb-dominances in front of Mokpo area are reproduced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.622-629
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• 2021

This study analyzed the running speed of logging trucks (25 tons), depending on the structural state of forest roads, on four main forest roads in the national forest management offices in Chuncheon and Hongcheon for trafficability. The speeds for the curved and straight sections were 7.6 km/h and 8.7 km/h, respectively, which were less than the designed speed (20 km/h). Thus, it would be necessary to improve the forest road's structure to fulfill minimum running speed. No significant difference was observed in the running speed by the longitudinal gradient up to 13%, while it was increased at more than 100 m by the distance in the straight section. By the facility's location in the curved section, the running speed was 6.2%-9.3% lower in a ridge than a valley. The running speed was lowest at the internal angles of <90° and at the curved radius of <15 m, respectively. When this radius was less than 15 m, the substandard sections for widening amounts were more than 50%; thus, sufficient widening was not achieved.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

This study is conducted to find out the effect of vibration on cure and compressive strength of lightweight Air Trapped Soil(ATS). If ATS is used next to a structure existed, the effect of vibration problems may be occurred, because there exist many sources of vibration such as pile driving, blasting and use of construction machinery. For example, if a road is expanded to reduce traffic congestion, it is expected that ATS's quality may be decreased due to vibration generated by cars moving on the road. Especially, because ATS has many air bubbles and needs a time for curing, the effect of vibration is more serious than we expected. So far, the effect of vibration on concrete has been conducted, but the study of ATS has not been conducted in detail. Therefore, for evaluating the effect of vibration on ATS during cure proceeds, unconfined compression tests are conducted on the samples prepared with different variables including vibration velocity, time when vibrated and mixing ratio. The results clearly show the effect of vibration on the characteristics of ATS.