• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06c
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• pp.293-298
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• 2001

In this paper, film thickness and temperature distribution are measured in EHL point contact at high roll/slip ratios. Infrared temperature mapping with two band pass filters, proposed by Ausherman (1976), is used to measure temperature distribution. And the optical interferometric method with two filters (red and green filters) is used to measure film thickness. Result of experiment showed that temperature rising at film and ball surface occurred very dramatically in Dimple zone. As slip velocity, roll/slip ratio and load increased, size of Dimple and temperature rising became more large. In addition, position and shape of Dimple were changed by roll/slip ratios, and increasing of Dimple size decreased traction coefficient. In short, it is appointed that the Dimple phenomenon be developed by the effect of viscosity wedge.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.115-144
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to compare the two different instruction methods for Korean learners of academic purposes in learning request expression. Participants were divided into two groups, explicit and implicit group. Both groups viewed several scenes from the drama that involved native speakers interacting in different situations. The instructional treatment for the explicit group included metapragmatic information while the treatment for the implicit group did not. On the other hand, the treatment for the implicit group followed implicit techniques, which were repetition of the video presentation and a script reading activity. This study was made up of a pre-test, a post-test, and a delayed-test. The pre-test was conducted prior to the instructional treatment. The post-test was administered a day after the last instruction and the delayed-test was conducted five weeks after the treatments. Two types of tests, speaking and writing, were used in this study to examine subjects' knowledge of Korean request. The result of this research reveals that implicit treatment was more effective than explicit treatment in Korean learners' request acquisition. This results might have been due to the operationalization of the implicit condition in this study. Implicit instruction may help language learners make rules by themselves through tasks.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.461-466
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 DECO(Dictionnaire Electronique du COreen) 한국어 전자사전과 LGG(Local-Grammar Graph)에 기반한 반자동 언어데이터 증강(Semi-automatic Symbolic Propagation: SSP) 방식에 입각하여, 핀테크 분야의 CS(Customer Service) 챗봇 NLU(Natural Language Understanding)을 위한 주석 학습 데이터를 효과적으로 생성하고, 이를 기반으로 RASA 오픈 소스에서 제공하는 DIET(Dual Intent and Entity Transformer) 아키텍처를 활용하여 핀테크 CS 챗봇 NLU 시스템을 구현하였다. 실 데이터을 통해 확인된 핀테크 분야의 32가지의 토픽 유형 및 38가지의 핵심 이벤트와 10가지 담화소 구성에 따라, DECO-LGG 데이터 생성 모듈은 질의 및 불만 화행에 대한 양질의 주석 학습 데이터를 효과적으로 생성하며, 이를 의도 분류 및 Slot-filling을 위한 개체명 인식을 종합적으로 처리하는 End to End 방식의 멀티태스크 트랜스포머 모델 DIET로 학습함으로써 DIET-only F1-score 0.931(Intent)/0.865(Slot/Entity), DIET+KoBERT F1-score 0.951(Intent)/0.901(Slot/Entity)의 성능을 확인하였으며, DECO-LGG 기반의 SSP 생성 데이터의 학습 데이터로서의 효과성과 함께 KoBERT에 기반한 DIET 모델 성능의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2000

Elliptical fragments are common in natural language dialogues between humans. Since most elliptical fragments should be interpeted within the context. it is not easy for computers to recognize the speaker's intention from the elliptical fragments. In t this paper we propose a model to recognize speaker's intention from elliptical fragments 1 in Korean by expanding the tripartite plan-based model proposed by Lambert. We add new discourse recipes to define user's discourse actions through elliptical fragments. In order to use plan inference process. we must represent utterances as actions. e. g .. r e elliptical fragments are represented as surface speech acts. In surface speech act representation. we include the information of 'Josa' (case markers in Korean), because t the information of 'Josa' plays a very important role in analysing speakers' intention in Korean. Finally. by using an object and discourse focus theory, the system can recognize the intention that a user is trying to compare between two plans by uttering elliptical fragments

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.6
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• pp.817-826
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• 2002

In Korean dialogue honorification phenomenon may occur, an honorific pronoun may be used, and a subject or an object may be completely omitted when it can be recovered based on context. This paper proposes that in order to process Korean dialogue in which such distinct linguistic phenomena occur and to construct its representation structure we mark and use the following information explicitly, not implicitly : information about dialogue participants, information about the speech act of an utterance, information about the relative order of social status for the people involved in dialogue, and information flow among utterances of dialogue. In addition, this paper presents a method of marking and using such situational information and an appropriate representation structure of Korean dialogue. In this paper we set up Korean dialogue representation structure by modifying and extending DRT (Discourse Representation Theory) and SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Futhermore, this paper shows how to process Korean dialogue computationally and construct its representation structure by using Prolog programming language, and then applies such representation structure to spontaneous Korean dialogue to know its validity.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.530-540
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• 2003

As the amount of information on Internet sites increases, it becomes more necessary to provide information in efficient ways. However, information search methods based on Boolean combination of keywords that most sites provide are difficult to express user's intention adequately so that there are numerous unexpected search results. This paper proposes a conversational agent that provides users with accurate information in a friendly manner through natural language conversation. The agent recognizes user's intention by applying finite state automata to natural language queries, utilizes the intention for structured pattern matching with response knowledge, and thus provides answers that are robust against changes in word order and consistent with the user's intention. To show its practical utility, the agent is applied to the problem of introducing a Web site. The results show that the conversational agent has the ability to provide accurate and friendly responses.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.820-844
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• 2010

This study investigates the effect of GIS-integrated lessons on spatial thinking abilities and geographical skills using discourse analysis along with a comparative three-case case study method. A series of curricula were designed and implemented in an 8th grade classroom for a semester. The data collected consist of the dialogue transcripts of six consecutive GIS-integrated lessons. The transcripts were analyzed to identify the moves (speech acts) used by each student and to classify discourse content of spatial thinking and geographical skills. Based on three individual case studies, a cross-case study was performed to uncover any relationship between the phenomenon and the contexts. The empirical evidence from discourse analysis demonstrated that students were able to generate appropriate terms representative of spatial thinking and geographical skills although students appeared to possess primarily lower-order spatial abilities, followed by a moderate-level of spatial abilities. Considering that the unit was implemented in a biology class rather than a geography class the result reflected the fact that the student's spatial thinking and geographical skills were attributable to the GIS-integrated lessons. Thus, the results have a great implication for GIS-integrated lessons and geography education as an innovative tool for improving student's spatial thinking and geographical skills.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.417-428
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• 1996

In this paper, a database interface system with natural language dialogue is designed and implemented. The system is made up of language analysis, context processing, dialogue processing and DB processing unit. The method for classifying and processing an undefined word in language analysis is proposed. It reduces the dictionary size, which gives difficulties in DB Interface. And the current DB Interfaces dealt with an input utterance independently. But the system in this paper provides a user with the interface environment in which he or she can have a continuous conversation with the system and retrieve DB information. Thus in this paper, speech acts which include user's inattentions well as propositional contents are defined, and user action hierarchical model for library DB retrieval is constructed. And the system uses the defined knowledge to recognize-user's plan, effectively understanding and managing the ongoing dialogue. And the system is implemented in the domain of library database in order to prove the proposed methods in this paper.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.202-215
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• 2023

Purpose: This study attempted to determine the factors related to behaviors of reducing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (BRE to EDCs) in pregnancy, based on the PRECEDE model. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with participants (N=239) who met the medical records and eligibility criteria from the Women's Hospital and Public Health Center. Data were collected using a specially-designed questionnaire based on the PRECEDE model and included BRE to EDCs predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: In Model I it was found that participation in prenatal education influenced the BRE to EDCs significantly; and a regression showed that the determinant variables accounted for 3.4%. In Model II, the predisposing factors of perceived barriers of BRE to EDCs and environmental self-efficacy were added. It was shown that they significantly influenced BRE to EDCs in the order named, and a regression revealed that increases in the determinant variables accounted for 22.5%. In Model III, to which enabling factors were added, the information acquisition experience of BRE to EDCs interacted significantly with BRE to EDCs and a regression showed an increase in the determinant variables accounting for 25.3%. Conclusion: The results of this study, the content of endocrine disruptors must be included in the prenatal care education program for pregnant women, and it should be composed of contents that can reduce the perceived obstacle to BRE to EDCs, enhance the environmental self-efficacy, and provide the information in regard to reducing exposure to EDCs.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.143-168
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• 2018

While there were posed arguments that social treatment to older persons should be based on the perspective of human rights turning into the 21st century, policy efforts to protect and promote the rights of older persons in international community have slowly proceeded. In this situation existing studies on the rights of older persons in the international perspective have been fragmented in their contents, lacking systematic overview of policy efforts to strengthen the rights of older persons in international community. This study aims to be the one that could be such a systematic study to overview international policy efforts to strengthen the rights of older persons through analyzing the background of posing the problem of the rights of older persons, problems in existing international norms for human rights applicable to older persons, and measures to strengthen the rights of older persons and controversial issues. Existing international norms on human rights that are Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international conventions on the rights in terms of area of rights and target population, and policy recommendations, are narrow in the scope of rights to be protected, and also lack legal force in their implementation. The international community has generally reached a consensus on strengthening the rights of older persons. However, there have been two different positions: strengthening existing norms on human rights versus creating a new convention on the rights of older persons. And also there have appeared many controversial points in both positions. Conclusively this study, arguing the creation of a new convention, suggests implications for Korean society and research studies.