• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2000

일반적인 신약 개발 방법으로는 천연물로부터 선도화합물이 발견되었을 때 의약화학자들은 그 물질의 화학구조식 중에서 약리 작용에 필수 요건이 되는 구조 요소를 규정하고, 체계적인 분자변형을 통하여 약리 작용의 최적화 작업을 추진한다. 그러나 분자 내에 여러 가지 치환기를 도입할 수 있는 경우 수많은 유도체가 합성 가능하며, 실제로 이와 같은 많은 수의 유도체를 합성한다는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하다. 통계적으로 하나의 신약 개발에 드는 시간과 경비는 약 10년 이상의 기간과 3,000 억원 이상의 경비가 소요된다. 따라서 시간과 경비를 줄이는 노력의 하나로 실험분야에서는 조합 화학합성 (Combinatorial Chemical Synthesis, CCS) 기술인 새로운 개념의 고효율 합성 기술이나 이를 대량 검색할 수 있는 초고속 활성 검색법 (High Through-put Screening, HTS) 기술이 1990년대 초에 본격적으로 각광 받게되었고, 정보관리 시스템을 통한 library 구축, 컴퓨터를 이용한 구조-활성 관계 및 분자 설계 기법이 급속히 발전하게 되었다. 따라서 기존의 random screening에 의한 신약개발 방법으로부터 탈피하여 새로운 차원의 신의약 개발 방법의 필요성이 절실히 요구되고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_3
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• pp.1817-1826
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• 2022

After the hydrogen fluoride leak in Gumi in 2012, the government has been systemizing the disaster management system, such as responding to and managing chemical accidents. In particular, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) is in charge of evacuation of residents following chemical accidents based on the Framework Act on Management of Disaster and Safety. In this study, an application plan was presented to support and utilize the decision-making support for evacuation of residents after a chemical accident using the chemical accident investigation equipment of the National Disaster Management Research Institute (NDMI). In the equipment operation system for scientific information collection due to chemical accidents, the roles and purpose of use of long/short distance measurement equipment were presented according to regular and emergency situations. Using the data acquired through long/short distance measurement equipment, it can be used as basic data for resident evacuation decision-making by monitoring whether chemicals are detected in an emergency and managing data on detected substances by company in a regular situation. As a result of measuring chemical substances in order to verify on-site usability by equipment only for the regular operation system, it was confirmed that real-time detection of chemical substances is possible with long distance measuring equipment. In addition, it was confirmed that it was necessary to check the measurable distance and range of the equipment in the future. In the case of short distance measurement equipment, hydrocarbon-based substances were mainly detected, and it was confirmed that it was measured at a higher level in Ulsan-Mipo National Industrial Complex than in Onsan National Industrial Complex. It is expected that it can be used as basic data to support decision-making in the event of chemical accidents through continuous data construction in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2024

Purpose: When designing plants and workplaces such as handling and using chemicals, a system that can automatically determine whether the design has been made in compliance with domestic safety management laws is established to shorten the review time and increase accuracy. Method: Safety design standards for chemical handling and use workplaces were investigated, and types and systems were derived that could automatically judge design errors by dividing the articles into semantic units. Result: An automatic design review method performed when designing a building was proposed, and a system that can review the safety design requirements required when designing a chemical handling business site through the development of a rule checker was proposed. After confirming whether the law is subject to application, the safety design rules are classified into semantic units through preprocessing. The classified results can be classified into four types, and the specifications, space, conditions, situations, and specific devices and facilities to reinforce safety were analyzed as representative types. It proposes a system that prepares a diagram for the safety design rule and allows it to be reviewed through the rule checker program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

With an entry into force of OPRC-HNS on June 14th 2007, response system against any large scale accidents related to HNS is required to respond rapidly and effectively in a national scale, US national response system and national contingency plan for any chemicals in operation were analyzed to understand the characteristics of management system and response system for any HNS driven accidents in the Us. Main characteristics of the US system were well described as an unified information window and an integrated incident command system supported by response facilities, manpower and technical support from other response organizations through good cooperation. In general, response activities are conducted by private sectors, however, the government will take over response activities in case large scale accidents occur in the Us. Expected expenses for response activities are covered by a type of Superfund in the Us. Several applicable ways are proposed to enable NGO to participate in and reorganize response system in ROK, and are feasible in collaboration with other response organizations and private sectors in the aspects of equipment, technology and manpower, Based upon the above activities, it is desirable to reorganize domestic rules and/or regulations related to response measures in ROK.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.163-175
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• 2011

Though polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in marine sediment has been produced by many colleges and institution in Korea, it is difficult to compare PAHs data in a study area with those in other areas due to the lack of confidence for the quality of data from the other organization. Therefore, we suggested the protocol for PAHs analysis in marine sediment through examining the method of PAHs analysis described in over twenty scientific papers and reports. When a known amount of 23 PAHs were spiked into a sediment and anlyzed following this new protocol, very good recoveries were obtained. In addition, for college and institution with their own method to analyze PAHs can keep producing PAHs data without exchanging to this new PAHs protocol, the method to get a full confidence through the QA/QC for the PAHs data produced by these organization is included to the protocol.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to review of environmental assessment of heavy metals derived from various metalliferous mines in Korea. As a results of national wide research for heavy metal contaminations in the vicinity of metalleferous mines, the main contaminants are mine waste materials including tailings. From the materials, toxic elements including As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn can be dispersed into downstream through wind and water. Thus, soils around the mines contain elevated levels of those elements, which are over the guide values for environmental regulation of soils in Korea. Arsenic is one of the most important elements contaminated by mining activities, to a less extent, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. In spite of remediation works for some metal mines by the government, there are still lots of abandoned mines which are necessary for reclamation of mining sites. This study also includes that metal concentrations in soils and tailings can be varied upon various decomposition methods including 0.1N HC1 and aqua regia and sequential extraction scheme, with differences in each element, too. This may be due to geochemical characteristics of the elements, such as solubility, mobility and chemical forms in the geochemical environment. Finally, it is suggested that a certain organization should be runned by Korean government for management of abandoned mines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.4 s.27
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• pp.293-300
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• 2006

Domestic laws such as Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law (KMPPL) which has been mae and amended according to the conclusions and amendments of various international conventions for the prevention a marine pollution such as MARPOL 73/78 were reviewed and compared with the major contents of the relevant international conventions. Alternative measures for legislating new laws or amending existing laws such as KMPPL for the acceptance of major contents of existing international conventions were proposed. Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78 into which the regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ship have been adopted has been recently accepted in KMPPL which should be applied to ships which are the moving sources of air pollution at sea rather tlnn in Korea Air Environment Conservation Law which should be applied to automobiles and industrial installations in land. The major contents of LC 72/95 have been accepted in KMPPL However, a few of substances requiring special care in Annex II of 72LC, a few of items in characteristics and composition for the matter in relation to criteria governing the issue of permits for the dumping of matter at sea in Annex III of 72LC, and a few of items in wastes or other matter that may be considered for dumping in Annex I of 96 Protocol have not been accepted in KMPPL yet. The major contents of OPRC 90 have been accepted in KMPPL. However, oil pollution emergency plans for sea ports and oil handling facilities, and national contingency plan for preparedness and response have not been accepted in KMPPL yet. The waste oil related articles if Basel Convention, which shall regulate and prohibit transboundary movement of hazardous waste, should be accepted in KMPPL in order to prevent the transfer if scrap-purpose tanker ships containing oil/water mixtures and chemicals remained on beard from advanced countries to developing and/or underdeveloped countries. International Convention for the Control if Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on the Ships should be accepted in KMPPL rather tlnn in Korea Noxious Chemicals Management Law. International Convention for Ship's Ballast Water/Sediment Management should be accepted in KMPPL or by a new law in order to prevent domestic marine ecosystem and costal environment from the invasion of harmful exotic species through the discharge of ship's ballast water.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2019

An analytical method was developed for the determination of quinoxyfen in agricultural products using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile and water was removed by liquid-liquid partitioning with $MgSO_4$ (anhydrous magnesium sulfate) and sodium acetate. Dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup was carried out using $MgSO_4$, PSA (primary secondary amine), $C_{18}$ (octadecyl) and GCB (graphitized carbon black). The analytes were quantified and confirmed by using LC-MS/MS in positive mode with MRM (multiple reaction monitoring). The matrix-matched calibration curves were constructed using six levels ($0.001-0.25{\mu}g/mL$) and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was above 0.99. Recovery results at three concentrations (LOQ, 10 LOQ, and 50 LOQ, n=5) were in the range of 73.5-86.7% with RSDs (relative standard deviations) of less than 8.9%. For inter-laboratory validation, the average recovery was 77.2-95.4% and the CV (coefficient of variation) was below 14.5%. All results were consistent with the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines (CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003) and Food Safety Evaluation Department guidelines (2016). The proposed analytical method was accurate, effective and sensitive for quinoxyfen determination in agricultural commodities. This study could be useful for the safe management of quinoxyfen residues in agricultural products.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.549-560
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• 2015

The priorities of siting restriction was derived from quantification of environmental hazard according to industrial classification based on 'Chemical Ranking and Scoring System(CRS)' which is handling the discharge characteristics of 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at 'Industrial Complex in Rural Area(ICRA)'. CRS that is utilizing the data of 'Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers(PRTR)' is applied to determine human health risk and ecological risk which are calculated by discharged amount and materials $LC_{50}$ according to water, soil and air media based on industrial classification. From this process, exposure assessment and toxicity assessment for integrating the adverse environmental impact and the mitigation effect of environmental risk according to the development of environmental technologies into establishing the rational landuse management method for the 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at ICRA was analyzed. From the assessment result of the siting restriction removal at ICRA for 31 industrial classifications, based on 2012 year reference 6 industries that includes Manufacture of Guilt Coloration Surface Processing Steel Materials, Manufacture of Biological Product, Manufacture of Smelting Refining and Alloys of Copper, Dyeing and Finishing of Fibers and Yarns, Manufacture of Other Basic Iron and Steel n.e.c., Rolling Drawing and Extruding of Non-ferrous Metals n.e.c. are calculated as having relatively lower environmental hazards, thus it is judged that the siting restriction mitigation at ICRA is possible for the 6 industrial classifications that are not discharging the specific hazardous water contaminants during manufacturing process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1332-1339
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to the distributive property of organic pollutants in effluents of domestic sewage treatment plants around Youngsan River using simultaneous analysis method of 310 chemicals. The numerous organic pollutants were detected in five sampling sites, and the major chemicals were pesticides, CH type chemicals such as benzenes and polycyclic compounds, ande CHO type chemicals such as phenols and phthalates. About 14 pesticides were detected in the effluent and most of them were found in summer. 1-Chlorobenzen and p-octylphenol were frequently detected in the concentration range of $0.52{\sim}0.61\;{\mu}g/L$ and $0.04{\sim}0.89\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively. Moreover, 18 kinds of endocrine disrupters include diethylphthalate were detected in effluents. From the results of this study, therefore, we confirmed that the pesticides, CH and CHO type chemicals in domestic effluents throughout Youngsan River are required specific regulation.