• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.87-101
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• 2012

In gas industries, the potential risks of serious accidents have been increased due to high technology application and process complexities. Especially, in case of gas-related accidents, the extent of demage is out of control since gas plants handle and produce combustible, flammable, explosive and toxic materials in large amounts. The characteristics of this kind of disaster is that accident frequency is low, while the impact of damage is high, extending to the neighboring residents, environment and related industries as well as employees involved. The hydrogen gases treated important things and it used the basic material of chemical plants and industries. Since 2000, this gas stood in the spotlight the substitution energy for reduction of the global warming in particular however it need to compress high pressure(more than 150 bar.g) and store by using the special cylinders due to their low molecular weight. And this gas led to many times the fire and explosion due to leak of it. To reduce these kinds of risks and accidents, it is necessary to improve the new safety management system through a risk management after technically evaluating potential hazards in this process. This study is to carry out the quantitative risk assesment for hydrogen filling plant which are very dangerous(fire and explosive) and using a basic materials of general industries. As a results of this risk assessment, identified the elements important for safety(EIS) and suggested the practical management tools and verified the reliability of this risk assessment model through case study of accident.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.813-816
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• 2008

The increasing number of vehicles owned by individuals in association with the rising income resulted in an acute shortage of parking spaces. We are not only seeing a serious traffic congestion arising from the vehicles parked in the streets adjacent to apartment buildings, but also the social issues of not being able to properly prepare for the emergency such as breakout of fires. Although remodeling of old apartment buildings are being discussed in measures to these problems, the research of parking space expansion is still insufficient. In a survey on remodeling of old apartment buildings, over 30 percent of those who answered cited the parking space as the most needed improvement and said they preferred direct entry as a way to expand parking space among lateral underground expansion methods. The direct entry is a method in which one directly enters the apartment house from the parking lot through the elevator and it requires extended operation of elevators. However, because there are no established systematic processes for elevator extension and works of such kinds are not common, elevator extension works are being done in an inefficient manner. In this research we reanalyzed the processes in order to present the items to be examined for more efficient elevator extension works, and through interviews of experts in the field, we produced the examination items by process from the perspectives of management and technology. This research will be used as a reference material for elevator extension works associated with expanding underground parking lot of apartment buildings.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.387-407
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• 2005

Thanks to the developments of IT technologies, such critical infrastructures as fundamental structures of energies, material circulations, monetary circulations, and living necessaries are intertwined as well as mutually dependent. In this respect, the fact that national infrastructures are closely related to IT infrastructures implies not only expected benefits to provide diverse information-based services, but also anticipated costs to bring about new dangers. However, in spite of these threats, traditional researchers have not put enough interests in these indirect danger, which yield the damages in broad areas through paralyzing risk management systems, although they have investigated such direct threats as nuclear accidents, conflagrations, traffic troubles, and gasoline accidents. Considering that the tendency to depend on electricity, so-called electrification, which is caused by automation and informationalization, is intensified in all parts of society, the breakout problem as a factor to inhibit securities in information-oriented society is significant. Thus, the problems of large-scale power blackout should be treated as national crises. Also, preparation systems for large-scale power blackout have to be provided quickly. In this paper, with analyzing various cases of large-scale power blackout and investigation the causes of them, researches on the blackout management systems of Korea are to be present, on the basis of national crisis management states which are comprised of protection (mitigating and preparing), responding, and recovering(rewarding).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.59-64
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• 2010

Building a firebreak against surface forest fire is a typical indirect suppression method that stops spread of flame by removing surface fuel, such as fallen leaves and bushes. In the sense of fire dynamic, building a firebreak is to set a section which will block thermal energy from igniting on virgin fuel. This study suggests and evaluates a calculation method for width of firebreak against surface fire for variant wind and slope conditions by applying the Point Source Model (PSM) to fallen leaves of Pinus densiflora. Width of firebreak was measured based on the distance the threshold radiant heat igniting Pinus densiflora fallen leaves at the heat flux of $4.9\;kW/m^2$ reaches. As a result, at the wind velocity of 0~5 m/s and on the slope of $0{\sim}50^{\circ}$, the appropriate width of a firebreak was 0.35~0.65 m for the mean flame height and 0.75~1.05 m for the maximum flame height. Accordingly, considering the factor of safety, the most appropriate width of a firebreak is 1.05 m based on the maximum flame height. Additional comparative analyses through experiments and field surveys are deemed necessary to determine appropriate widths of firebreak for different types of surface fuel.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.521-530
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• 2011

Since aircraft fuel tanks have many interfaces connected to the airframe as well as the fuel system, they have been considered as one of the system-dependent critical components. Crashworthy fuel tanks have been widely implemented to rotorcraft and rendered a great contribution for improving the survivability of crews and passengers. Since the embryonic stage of military rotorcraft history began, the US army has developed and practised a detailed military specification documenting the unique crashworthiness requirements for rotorcraft fuel tanks to prevent most, hopefully all, fatality due to post-crash fire. The mandatory crash impact test required by the relevant specification, MIL-DTL-27422D, has been recognized as a non-trivial mission and caused inevitable delay of a number of noticeable rotorcraft development programs such as that of V-22. The crash impact test itself takes a long-term preparation efforts together with costly fuel tank specimens. Thus a series of numerical simulations of the crash impact test with digital mock-ups is necessary even at the early design stage to minimize the possibility of trial-and-error with full-scale fuel tanks. In the present study the crash impact simulation of a few fuel tank configurations is conducted with the commercial package, Autodyn, and the resulting equivalent stresses and internal pressures are evaluated in detail to suggest a design improvement for the fuel tank configuration.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.49-60
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• 2013

Evacuation process has been considered as one of the most important elements to be managed in public facilities. Although the importance is highlighted through numerous literatures, disaster evacuation planning, particularly fire accidents, faces a number of human behavior related limitations for a similar application to different types of facilities/occupants. To overcome the obstacles including complexity in human behaviors, a number of simulation techniques with limited consideration on human behaviors are utilized to predict foreseeable problems in evacuation process. Therefore, this research aims to propose system dynamics models incorporating human behaviors considering different types of occupants under disaster evacuation events. Analysis on emergent human behaviors such as group forming and interactions under urgent situation are conducted based on the main stream theories in social science field. The results suggest the influences of human behavior factors including cooperative intention, information sharing, and mobility change to evacuation behavior. The implications are expected to provide safety consideration at planning/designing phase of buildings and help facility safety managers for evacuation planning with more realistic management approaches.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.37-60
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• 2006

The area of security service has been maintaining the high growth curve annually by improving security consciousness from increase of the income and the progress of public services's level by the accomplishment in the info-communication field, recently the demand for unmanned security system is extended form commercial purposes into public offices and individual's houses. In addition to, the possible distance of offering services is scheduled to magnify. At the period when security company's influence has been becoming significant, the injustice transaction is the serious factor which obstructs the development of security companies. Therefore, it is urgent thing to devise counterplans to extirpate injustice transactions. There are the legalistic approaches of the breakthroughs against injustice transactions. One thing is settling the standard of the judgment and the other is renovating the provision of injustice transactions. Utilizing the principles of the fair competitions and importing self-obedience programs within the range of trade actions which is permitted by law, acted as the system approach. Moreover, there are such three things which can achieve mutual balances as establishing the range of the permitted action toward business corporations, applying spontaneously the fair competition principles and introducing the system of standard agreements. Gong further, this can establish order of security service areas and control them. Besides, it is possible for every organizations to make and operate the system appropriately by importing the self-observance system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2017

HNS accidents involve large-scale fires and explosions, causing numerous human casualties and extreme environmental pollution in the surrounding area. The widespread diffusion of effects should be prevented through rapid decision making. In this study, a high-quality, standardized, and digitized HNS accident databases has been generated based on the HNS standard code proposed. Furthermore, the HNS Accident Tracking System (HATS) was applied and implemented to allow for systematic integration management and sharing. In addition, statistical analysis was performed on 76 cases of domestic HNS accident data collected over 23 years using HATS. In Korea, an average of 3.3 HNS accidents occurred each year and major HNS accident factors were Springs (41 %), Aprons (51 %), Chemical Carriers (49 %), Crew's Fault (45 %) and Xylenes (12 %). (The number in parentheses is the percentage of HNS accident factors for each HNS accident classification)

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.4-23
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• 2014

Seokjojeon Hall is the Neoclassic style building situated in Deoksugung Palace, which was proposed by John McLeavy Brown who was a chief commissioner of the Daehan Empire and designed by John Reginald Hardings in 1897. Construction of the Seokjojeon Hall began in 1900 and completed in 1910 at the total cost of one million won. Decorating and furnishing of the interior was designed by Lovell and all the furniture of Seokjojeon Hall had been purchased from Maple&Co. The Maple&Co was the supplier of luxury furnitures and decorating items for luxurious residentials, hotels, embassies and the palaces and its headquarter was located in London. Ready-made furnitures were purchased as shown in the Maple's catalog. The designs and styles of the west were applied to Seokjojeon Hall. That is one of the aspects showing Daehan Imperial underwent a period of Westernization.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.521-531
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• 2021

Vacuum Pressure Impregnation (VPI) is a process that enhances physical properties by coating some types of epoxy resins on windings of stator used in large rotators such as generators and motors. During vacuum and pressurization of the VPI process, resin gas is generated by vaporization of epoxy resin. When the tank is opened for curing after finishing impregnation, resin gas is leaked out of the tank. If the leaked resin gas spreads throughout the workplace, there are safety and environmental problems such as fire, explosion and respiratory problems. So, exhaust system for resin gas is required during the process. In this study, a case study of exhaust efficiency by location of vent was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in order to design a system for exhausting resin gas generated by the VPI process. The optimal exhaust system of this study allowed more than 90% of resin gas to be exhausted within 1,800 seconds and reduced the fraction of resin gas below the Low Explosive Limit (LEL).