• Spatial Information Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 1998

The complex interactions of climate, topography, geology, biota and hwnan activities result in the land cover patterns, which are impacted by natural disturbances such as fire, earthquake and flood. Natural disturbances disrupt ecosystem communities and change the physical environment, thereby generating a new landscape. Community ecologists believe that disturbance is critical in determining how diverse ecological systems function. Fires were once a major agent of disturbance in the North American tall grass prairies, African savannas, and Australian bush. The major focus of this research was to develop stochastic model of spatial process of disturbance or spatial events and simulate the process based on the developed model and it was applied to the fire arrival process in the Great Victoria Desert of Australia, where wildfires generate a mosaic of patches of habitat at various stages of post-fire succession. For this research, Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner(MSS) data covering the period from 1972 to 1994 were utilized. Fire arrival process is characterized as a spatial point pattern irregularly distributed within a region of space. Here, nonhomogeneous planar Poisson process is proposed as a model for the fire arrival process and rejection sampling thinning the homogeneous Poisson process is used for its simulation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1346-1353
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• 2007

The simulation analysis of fire-driven flow and passenger evacuation in Daegu subway station, Chung-Ang, have been performed. The first location of outbreak of fire is inside passenger car in the third basement in Chung-Ang station. The smoke flow in the second and third basement has been analyzed using FLUENT 6.2. The CO(carbon monoxide) and temperature distribution in the train units and station platform have been obtained and transferred to input data for evacuation simulation. The highest temperature in the train units was 1500K. For the simulation of passenger evacuation, EXODUS has been used for whole basements (level 1${\sim}$ level 3) in the station. Total number of people was assumed to be one thousand and 640 were placed inside train and 360 were placed outside train. In evacuation simulation, an average of 135 passengers were killed and an average time to evacuate takes 10min 19sec. The main evacuation routes used by passengers were investigated and the cause of death was identified by evacuation simulation.

• 방재와보험
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• s.121
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• pp.60-65
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• 2007

인류의 종교사에서 커다란 사건 가운데 하나를 꼽으라면 아마 조로아스터교의 출현을 들 수 있을 것이다. 고대 아시아에서 배화교라고도 알려진 이 종교는 종교사 만큼이나 세계사의 흐름을 바꿔 놓는 데도 큰 역할을 했다. 우선 조로아스터교의 등장은 진정한 세계 제국이 등장할 수 있는 토대가 되었다. 그 이전의 모든 종교는 민족 종교의 성격이 강했다. 그래서 어느 민족이 패권을 잡게 되면 피지배 민족의 신은 철저하게 배척당하거나 파괴되었다. 성경을 접해본 사람이라면 구약의 이스라엘 민족이 정복한 민족과 그들의 신을 얼마나 철저하게 파괴하는지를 알 수 있다. 그러나 조로아스터교의 경우는 다른 종교들과는 조금 달랐다.

• 방재와보험
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• s.148
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• pp.44-51
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• 2013

대리운전업체에 소속되어 있는 대리운전자가 대리운전 보험에 가입한 경우, 보험료는 대리운전자가 직접 부담하는 경우가 대부분이나 계약당사자인 보험계약자는 대부분 대리운전업체로 되어 있다 보니 약관내용에 대해 제대로 설명을 듣지 못했다는 이유로 보상범위 등을 둘러싼 분쟁이 발생하는 경우가 많다. 본고에서는 차주가 동승하지 않은 채 대리운전자가 차량을 운전하던 중 발생한 사고를 대리운전보험에서 담보하는 '대리운전 중 사고'로 볼 수 있는지 여부를 다룬 사건을 소개하고자 하는데, 쟁점 가운데 약관의 설명의무와 관련 사항을 일부 언급하고 있어 동 내용을 살펴보고 나아가 약관 설명의무의 법적 성격 및 유사 분쟁사례 등을 개관하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.461-467
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• 2015

119 Integrated Emergency Management System, 119 IEMS hereinafter, is specialized command and control system for fire H.Q., that supports effective response activity at Fire, Rescue, and First Aids; it covers the emergency call taking, dispatch command delivery and situation control after dispatch command. While the efficiency of emergency response activity of call-taker and dispatcher is directly linked to the capability of qualified response in protecting the life and properties at real-time emergency condition, there is not any similar simulator system that can be used for training purposes for newly allocated personnel or beginner of emergency call taking and dispatch activity - 119 IEMS in fire H.Q. is the operation system that cannot be shared with other purposes, and they're highly expensive ICT system and infrastructure to be used as training and education. 119 Integrated Emergency Management Simulator System, 119 IEMS Simulator, was developed to be utilized in low cost for the training of 119 emergency call taker and dispatcher, and it can be used in training of various types of disaster and emergency handling, spans to emergency call taking, dispatch command, and field report and situation control after dispatch command.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand the risk of chemical product, Styrene Monomer(SM), shipped in a vessel. SM is harmful chemical product which can make injury, explosion and/or fire in a vessel. The understand of SM risk is very important to protect seafarer's body and vessel safety. This research can be expected that the understanding of SM risk by a seafarer's to prevent accidents by SM explosion/fire. In this study we used event tree analysis method using chemical reaction cased by explosion. As a result, we founded various chemical reaction and visualization for explosion path.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

The cigarette holds more than 10 percents of the entire fire accidents despite the number of smokers rapidly decreases every year. The purpose of this study is to examine the ignition characteristics of cigarette by experimentation. This study analyzed the cases of fires inferred that they were caused by cigarette in Incheon during 2006. As the representative ignition materials, corrugated board, gasoline, lacquer thinner, tarpaulin, flexible PVC sheet, and poly ethylene were tested. In this experimentation, the corrugated board was ignited by cigarette. However gasoline, lacquer thinner, tarpaulin, flexible PVC sheet, and poly ethylene were seldom ignited. Meanwhile most fire investigators have argued that oils and tents were ignited by cigarette, but this study experimentally proved that such an argument might be ungrounded.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

This study examined the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-related variables of firefighters through a systematic literature review. Electronic databases were searched, including RISS, National Assembly Library, NDSL, KmBase. The search terms were PTSD, Post-Traumatic Stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Firefighter. Eleven studies from 146 references screened were included. All studies were non-experimental and correlational analyses. The positive correlation factors were age, duration of work, traumatic events, frequency of mobilization, number and strength of traumatic events experienced, work burden, coping method, D-type personality, depression, and anger rumination. The negative correlation factors were resilience, social support, self-esteem. To improve the mental health of firefighters in the future, professional intervention programs should be constructed to improve resilience, social support, and self-esteem, which are protective factors of PTSD.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.119-127
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• 2011

Because of most notably the increase in vehicular traffic in Korea, as measured by highway transport usage, relief is being sought by expanding the construction of highways after 1970s'. These highways have opened up over 70 % of the mountainous areas in Korea's country side which includes the construction of tunnels. Currently there are 607 tunnels installed that are being maintained and by 2015, under the next medium-term plan, Korea will build an additional 440 tunnels. In addition, the use of 1,000m double-pole tunnels is expected to increase significantly in 256 locations. There is no doubt that these tunnels will relieve traffic congestion and aid improved communications, but halfclosed underground highway tunnels in particular are required to reduce tunnel fires caused by poor vehicle maintenance, and other factors such as speeding motorists that increase the number of vehicular accidents. Double-pole tunnels in 1,000m length over require vehicle drivers to be more cautious in terms of the continuous speed limit, judged by how devastating most of car-crash fires within these tunnels can be. In order to prevent these disasters, a full-length tunnel speed enforcement system should be considered mandatorily in legal clauses.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2002

This paper presents a mews event reenactment system (NERS), which generates virtual character animations in a quick and convenient manner. Thus, NERS can be used to produce computer graphics(CG) scenes of news events that are hard to photograph, such as fire, traffic accident, cases of murder, and so on. By using plenty of captured motion data and CG model data this system produces an appropriate animation of virtual characters straightforwardly without any motion capturing device and actors in the authoring stage. NERS is designed to be capable of making virtual characters move along user-defined paths, stitching motions smoothly and modifyingthe positions and of the articulations of a virtual character in a specific frame. Therefore a virtual character can be controlled precisely so as to interact with the virtual environments and other characters. NERS provides both an interactive and script-based (MEL: Maya Embedded Language) interface so that user can this system in a convenient way. This system has been implemented as a plug-in of commercial CG tool, Maya (Alias/wavefront), in order to make use of its advanced functions