• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

The effects of changes in area and location of fire source, fire growth rate, and volume of compartment on the major fire characteristics, including heat release rate, in closed compartment fires were examined. To this end, a fire simulation using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was performed for ISO 9705 room with a closed opening. As main result, it was found that the changes in the area and location of fire source did not significantly affect the thermal and chemical characteristics inside the compartment, such as maximum heat release rate, total heat release, maximum temperature at upper layeras well as species concentrations. However, increasinthe fire growth rate and volume of compartment resulted in increase of the maximum heat release rate and total heat release, decrease in the limiting oxygen concentration and increase in the maximum CO concentration. Finally, a methodology for the application of fire growth curves to closed compartment fires was proposed by deriving the correlation of the maximum heat release rate expressed as a function of the fire growth rate and the volume ratio of compartment based on the ISO 9705 room.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2024

In a fire-resistant structure, uncertainties arise in factors such as ventilation, material elasticity modulus, yield strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, external forces, and fire location. The ventilation uncertainty affects thefactor contributes to uncertainties in fire temperature, subsequently impacting the structural temperature. These temperatures, combined with material properties, give rise to uncertain structural responses. Given the nonlinear behavior of structures under fire conditions, calculating fire fragility traditionally involves time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. To address this, recent studies have explored leveraging machine learning algorithms to predict fire fragility, aiming to enhance efficiency while maintaining accuracy. This study focuses on predicting the fire fragility of a steel moment frame building, accounting for uncertainties in fire size, location, and structural material properties. The fragility curve, derived from nonlinear structural behavior under fire, follows a log-normal distribution. The results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately and efficiently predicts fire fragility, showcasing its effectiveness in streamlining the analysis process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.487-488
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• 2010

This is the experimental and analysis study on the thermal distribution, structural behavior and residual strength of high strength concrete members subjected to fire. The parameters are strength of concrete, cover thickness, loading state and exposure time to fire. The ISO 834 standard fire curve is used to test. The material and structural property of concrete at high temperature are proposed, also.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.89-93
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• 2011

본 연구는 고강도콘크리트의 폭렬성상과 공극구조와의 관계를 실험적으로 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 실험변수는 양생방법, 압축강도, 공극구조로 설정하였으며, ISO834 화재온도이력곡선을 15분 적용하여 콘크리트의 초기 폭렬특성을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과 50 MPa급 이상의 고강도 콘크리트 시험체의 경우, 가열 이후에도 $0.05{\mu}m$ 이하의 공극이 많이 존재하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 가열을 받은 고강도 콘크리트는 고강도화될수록 공극이 세공화 되어 탈수 현상이 지연되는 것을 도출 할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.176-179
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• 2011

국내에서는 방화구획을 설정하여 화재 확산 방지 및 재실자의 대피 시간을 확보하고 있다. 방화구획에 설치되는 방화문은 방화문의 내화시험방법(KS F 2268-1)에 따라 시험을 거쳐 성적서를 발급 받은 제품에 대해 설치하도록 의무화 하고 있다. 그러나 본 시험방법은 시험체 제작, 설치 및 의뢰시험비용 등 상당한 비용이 소요될 뿐 아니라 제작, 설치, 시험에 소요되는 시간 또한 길다. 축소실험장치는 목재방화문 개발 중 재료의 내화성능을 평가할 장치로 개발되었으며, 표준시간-가열 온도곡선을 상회하는 가열실험을 통해 재료의 내화성능 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 난연 또는 불연성능이 뛰어난 재료를 대상으로 실험하였으며, 그 결과 난연목재는 5분, 마그네슘보드와 내화 직물원단은 60분의 내화성능을 갖춘 것으로 확인되었다. 이 결과를 토대로 방화문의 내화시험방법과 상관성을 도출하여 목재방화문 개발의 지표로 활용 가능하게 되었다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.45-49
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• 2003

The resident's understanding of subway fire disaster broken out in Daegu city, February 2002, was analyzed using netizen's opinion on Internet Web Site. Based on the data of the resident's understanding, fluctuation curve for disaster prevention was modeled to assess quantitative consciousness. Our research will be useful to maintain continuous understanding for disaster protection.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.382-385
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• 2011

본 논문은 초고강도콘크리트의 폭렬현상을 연구해 보고자 실리카흄 유무와 PP섬유의 혼입량을 변수로 하여 공시체와 벽체의 폭렬현상을 관찰한 후 변수가 초고강도콘크리트에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 실험적으로 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. KS F 2257 화재온도이력곡선을 30분 적용하여 콘크리트의 초기 폭렬특성을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과 공시체의 경우 압축강도가 100 MPa 초고강도콘크리트의 경우에는 실리카흄 여부와 PP섬유 혼입량이 폭렬억제에 관계되는 주요 인자인 것을 알 수 있었으며, 벽체의 경우에는 벽체 시험체의 부분 가열 및 전면 가열 실험을 실시했다. 폭렬 최대 깊이, 시간, 소리 발생 회수를 비교하면 부분 가열이 전체 가열에 비해 폭렬이 빠르고 깊게 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.171-177
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• 2005

Fire in underground space may induce severe structural damage as well as heavy casualties. To protect underground structure and passengers from fire, it is very essential to characterize fire-induced damage on construction materials of underground structures. In this study, the high-temperature furnace was manufactured to evaluate fire-induced damage on underground structure materials. Especially, this study aimed at the evaluation of fire-induced damage on the shield TBM concrete segment. In the fire tests, furnace temperature was set to reach 1,200 degrees at five minutes after Ignition. The temperature of 1,200 degrees was kept during one hour, and the fire was extinguished after two hours elapsed. From the temperature measurement by thermocouples embedded in test specimens, the spatting was estimated to reach approximately 20 cm from the surface exposed to fire. After the fire tests, the alteration of physico-mechanical properties and microstructures of concrete segment was investigated from core specimens. The results showed that apart from spatting, the deterioration depth of the remaining concrete material amounted to approximately 10 cm from the spatting surface.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.223-237
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• 2010

The initial heating rate is well known as one of the most influencing factors on the occurrence of spalling and the loss of strength in concrete after fire initiation. In this study, a series of fire tests were carried out at different initial heating rates to find out its effects on the deterioration of tunnel structural members. Heat transfer analyses combined with an element elimination model were also carried out to verify its applicability in the same conditions as the fire tests. Moreover, the convection heat transfer coefficients compatible with fire test results were derived from parametric studies. In this course, their time-dependent variations were also analyzed at different initial heating rates. Finally, a numerical formula to estimate the heat transfer coefficients at the various initial heating rates was proposed by the interpolation of the results of numerical analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.377-384
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• 2011

Although concrete is considered as fire proof materials, high strength concrete shows severe material and structural damages when exposed to fire. To understand such damages in high strength concrete structures, the effects of various design parameters and fire condition on the thermal behaviors of high strength concrete structures are investigated in this study. In order to achieve this goal, fire tests are performed on high strength concrete columns with different fire conditions and design parameters including cross sectional area, cover thickness, and reinforcement alignment. To investigate thermal behaviors, temperature distributions and amount of spalling are measured. In overall, the columns show rapidly increasing inner temperatures between 30~60 mins of the fire tests due to spalling. In detail, the higher temperature distributions are observed from the columns with the larger cross section and less cover thickness. Moreover, among the columns with same reinforcing ratio, larger number of reinforcements with the smaller diameter causes the higher temperature distribution. The findings from the experimental study allow not only understanding of thermal behaviors of high strength concrete columns under fire, but also guidance in revising fire safety design.