• Title/Summary/Keyword: 화산호

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Chemical Characteristics of soils in Cheju Island -II. Variations in Chemical Characteristics of the Citrus Orchard Soils as a Function of Years of Cultivation (제주도(濟州道) 토양(土壤)의 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性) 조사(調査) 연구(硏究) -II. 경작년대(耕作年代)에 따른 감귤원(柑橘園) 토양(土壤)의 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性) 변화(變化))

  • Yoo, Sun-Ho;Song, Kwan-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.161-166
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    • 1984
  • The Cheju citrus orchards have been chemically fertilized with both phosphates high in Ca and Mg contents and potassium. The amount of chemical fertilizers consumed per unit area of cultivated land and the ratios of $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ to N in chemical fertilizers applied were much higher in the Cheju Island than those of the Korean mainland. These trends were particularly prominant in Southern Cheju where 70% of the Cheju citrus orchards are located. As the result of heavy applications of phosphate fertilizers, the available phosphorus of citrus orchard soils increased with increasing number of years under cultivation. The available phosphorus of sub-soil increased slightly with the number of years under cultivation compared to that of surface soil. Base saturation and pH increased with the number of years under cultivation, inasmuch as exchangeable bases such as Ca, Mg and K increased predominantly, but the cation exchange capacity did not vary in the citrus orchard soils.

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Flora of crop lands in Ulleungdo Island (울릉도 농경지의 식물상)

  • Kim, Myung-Hyun;Hong, Sun-Hee;Lee, Yong-Ho;Kim, Min-Kyeong;Choi, Soon-Kun;Eo, Jinu;Yeob, So-Jin;Bang, Jeong Hwan;Oh, Young-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.245-257
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    • 2021
  • Ulleungdo, a volcanic island, has different climate, soil, and topography characteristics from inland of the Korean Peninsula. Its agriculture also exhibits distinctive features. This study focused on floristic compositions and characteristics of crop lands in Ulleungdo. Flora surveys were conducted for 37 areas three times, one in May of 2016, one in July of 2020, and one in August of 2020. Results showed that vascular plants of crop lands in Ulleungdo included 186 taxa of 53 families, 132 genera, 160 species, 14 varieties, five subspecies, and five hybrids. Asteraceae had the most diverse species (33 taxa), followed by Poaceae (25 taxa), Fabaceae (12 taxa), Polygonaceae (11 taxa), and Liliaceae (nine taxa). The biological type of crop lands in Ulleungdo island was determined to be Th-R5-D4-e type. Rare plants were found for nine taxa: Athyrium acutipinnulum Kodama ex Nakai, Sedum takasimense Nakai, Rubus takesimensis Nakai, Dystaenia takesimana (Nakai) Kitag., Ligustrum foliosum Nakai, Aster pseudoglehni Y.Lim, Cirsium nipponicum (Maxim.) Makino, Lilium hansonii Leichtlin ex D.D.T.Moore, and Polygonatum robustum (Korsh.) Nakai. In addition, 45 taxa contained naturalized plants of 13 families, 33 genera, 44 species, and one variety. Urbanization and naturalization indices were 13.9%, and 24.2%, respectively.

Low Temperature CO Oxidation over Cu-Mn Mixed Oxides (Cu-Mn 혼합산화물 상에서 일산화탄소의 저온산화반응)

  • Cho, Kyong-Ho;Park, Jung-Hyun;Shin, Chae-Ho
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.132-139
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    • 2010
  • The Cu-Mn mixed oxide catalysts with different molar ratios of Cu/(Cu+Mn) prepared by co-precipitation method have been investigated in CO oxidation at $30^{\circ}C$. The catalysts used in this study were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), $N_2$ sorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and $H_2$-temperature programmed reduction $(H_2-TPR)$ to correlate with catalytic activities in CO oxidation. The $N_2$ adsorption-desorption isotherms of Cu-Mn mixed oxide catalysts showed a type 4 having pore range of 7-20 nm and BET surface area was increased from 17 to $205\;m^2{\cdot}g^{-1}$ with increasing of Mn content. The XPS analysis showed the surface oxidation state of Cu and Mn represented $Cu^{2+}$and the mixture of $Mn^{3+}$ and $Mn^{4+}$, respectively. Among the catalysts studied here, Cu/(Cu+Mn) = 0.5 catalyst showed the highest activity at $30^{\circ}C$ in CO oxidation and the catalytic activity showed a typical volcano-shape curve with respect to Cu/(Cu+Mn) molar ratios. The water vapor showed a prohibiting effect on the efficiency of the catalyst which is due to the competitive adsorption of carbon monoxide on the active sites of catalyst surface and finally the formation of hydroxyl group with active metals.

Why did the Byeokrang Princess come to Tamra? (벽랑공주는 왜 탐라에 왔을까?)

  • Sung Kook Lee;Jeong Su Kim;Moon Ho Lee
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2023
  • The god of water, Baltara (Bhadra: in the northern part of India), Tammola Around 563-483, he came to Tamra with 900 Arhats (BC483-AD1105, during the reign of King Sukjong of Goryeo, the kingdom of Tamra became Hangun-hyeon in Goryeo). It is the spread of Buddhism through the world's most sacred water (Heiligkeit, one of the four elements water, fire, air, and earth) and the world's largest Arhat The reverse of Halla, appendix: to find the stone statue of Buddha at Seogo Temple in Jeonju, Hwangbangsan. Since ancient times, Jeju people have called Truth Mt. that Mt. Halla protects against typhoons blowing from the south. It looks like it has been hardened by fire. On the coming day, the greatest breath of Venerable Baltara in Jeju is Olle Road No. 1 from Siheung-ri, Seongsanpo to No. 26 Gujwa-myeon Jongdal-ri. It is the Oval Jeju "Road Way" that clearly shows "the beginning is the end, and the end is the beginning" of Cheonbugyeong.

Petrological Characteristics and Origin of Volcaniclasts within the Massive Tuff Breccia Formation from Dokdo Island, Korea (독도 괴상 응회질 각력암층에서 나타나는 화산암편의 암석학적 특성과 기원)

  • Shim, Sung-Ho;Im, Ji-Hyeon;Jang, Yun-Deuk;Choo, Chang-Oh;Park, Byeong-Jun;Kim, Jung-Hun
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.141-156
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    • 2010
  • Dokdo Island, Korea, is located in the East Sea belonging to back arc basin. In this study we examined petrology and geochemistry of massive tuffaceous breccia (MTB) from Dongdo (Eastern islet) and Seodo(Western islet), the two largest islands of Dokdo. Field studies and chemical analysis distinguish the MTB in Dongdo and Seodo. The Dongdo MTB (DMTB) is exposed up to 50 m on the ocean cliff and it has dominant basalt and trachybasalt with moderate amount of trachyte and scoria. On the other hand, Seodo MTB (SMTB), which is preserved between trachyte dike and trachyandesite, is composed of roughly equal amounts of basalt, trachybasalt and trachyte. The location of the islets were related to the source vent having in contact with underlying trachyte lava and differential pyroclastic deposits made them different characteristics. According to trace element analysis of trachytic volcanic clasts, the Ba concentration ranges from 66 to 103 ppm and Sr varies from 44 to 56 ppm in DMTB. However, Br and Sr in SMTB correspondingly showed relatively wide ranges: Br 785-1259 ppm and Sr 466-1230 ppm. These differential trends between DMTB and SMTB, along with the difference in P and Ti, indicate that the crystallization of alkali feldspar, feldspathoid, biotite, apatite and titanium took place differently. Nevertheless, DMTB and SMTB are similar in REE patterns and they are correspondingly characterized by high LREE, low HREE and similar $(La/Yb)_N$ values with 23.9-40.2 in DMTB and 27.4-32.9 in SMTB. These patterns suggest that Dongdo and Seodo might be originated from coeval magma suites. Dokdo island shows high concentrations of Ba, K and Rb. These signatures mark a result attributed to the mantle upwelling because the magma derived from the asthenosphere was metasomatized with subduction-related fluids.

Origin of B, Br and Sr in Groundwater from Bukahn-myeon, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk Province, with Emphasis on Hydrochemistry (지하수의 수질화학적 특징과 붕소, 브롬, 스트론튬 성인에 대한 고찰)

  • Choo, Chang-Oh;Lee, Jin-Kook;Lee, Chang-Joo;Park, Ki-Ho;Jeong, Gyo-Cheol
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.235-250
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    • 2009
  • Environmental elements such as B, Br, and Sr in groundwater from Bukahn-myeon, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk Province, were investigated in order to know their origin with emphasis on hydrochemistry. pH ranges from 7.37 to 8.39. B content is 0.41${\sim}$4.62 mg/L with an average 1.74 mg/L and Br content is 0${\sim}$3.24 mg/L with an average 2.22 mg/L, and Sr content is 0.93${\sim}$8.64 mg/L with an average 2.76 mg/L. The water types plotted by the Piper diagram are different but mostly $Ca-HCO_3$. Some constituents contributing to EC are Na, $SO_4$, Cl with high determinative coefficients($R^2$) of 0.85, 0.70, 0.90, respectively. The coefficients($R^2$) of Cl to Na, K, $SO_4$ are 0.54, 0.68, 0.53, respectively. It should be noted that there are high cocfficients($R^2$) of B-Sr and $Sr-SO_4$ with 0.65, 0.64, respectively. The Cl/Br ratios are 5.21${\sim}$30.70 due to significant depletion of Cl. The $SO_4/Cl$ ratios are 1.32${\sim}$27.24 with an average of 5.92, ascribed to abundant introduction of $SO_4$ or significant depletion of Cl. Chemical speciation calculated shows that B exists mostly as $H_3BO_3$ with less $H_2BO^-_3$ and Br exists as only $Br^-$. Sr exists mostly as $Sr^2$ with less $SO_4$. Saturation index represents that goundwater is supersaturated with respect to barite, kaolinite, illite, K-mica, and smectite while it is slightly undersaturated with respect to silica, gypsum, anhydrite, talc, chrysotile, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, K-mica, and smectite. The saturation index of celestine is -2.23${\sim}$-0.13 indicating more Sr can be incorporated into groundwater. Groundwater is still much undersaturated to halite. It is likely that the origin of S and Sr was related to the Yucheon volcanic rocks. Br might be originated from the local geological features with introduction of anthropogenic matters.

Geochemical Study of the Cretaceous Granitic Rocks in Southwestern Part of the Korean Peninsula (한반도 남서부지역에 분포하는 백악기 화강암류에 대한 지화학적 연구)

  • Wee Soo Meen;Park Se Mi;Choi Seon Cyu;Ryu In Chang
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.38 no.2 s.171
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    • pp.113-127
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    • 2005
  • Cretaceous intrusive and extrusive rocks are widely distributed in the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula, possibly the result of intensive magmatism which occurred in response to subduction of the western proto-Pacific plate beneath the north-eastern part of the Eurasian plate. Geochemical and petrological study on the Cretaceous granitic rocks were carried out in order to constrain the petrogenesis of the granitic magma and to establish the paleotectonic environment of the area. Whole rock chemical data of the granitic rocks from the study area indicate that the all the rocks have characteristics of calc-alkaline series in the subalkaline field. The overall geochemical features show systematic variations in each granitic body, but the source materials of each granitic body are thought to have been different in their chemical composition. Higher values of $Fe_2O_3/FeO$ of the granitic rocks in the western area suggest that the granitoids had been solidified under highly oxidizing environment. The granitic bodies in the eastern area also show higher contents of Li, Ni, Co, Sr, Cr, Sc and lower Rb and Nb compared to the those of the western area. Chondrite normalized REE patterns show generally enriched LREE and strong negative Eu anomalies in the western wet while slight to flat Eu anomalies in the east-ern area. The REE and $(La/Lu)_{CN}$ of the granites are $60{\~}499ppm$ and $8.9{\~}66$ correspond to the range of the continental margin granite. On the ANK vs. ACNK and tectonic discrimination diagrams, parental magma type of the granites corresponds to I-type, VAG and syn-collision granite. Interpretations of the chemical characteristics of the granitic rocks favor their emplacement in a compressional tectonic regime at continental margin during the subduction of proto-Pacific plate.

A Study on the Surface Contamination Level and Spatial Dose Rate Measured from NM Patients-Only Bathroom (핵의학과 전용화장실에서 측정된 표면오염도 및 공간선량율에 대한 연구)

  • Moon, Jae-Seung;Jeong, Hyi-Il;Jeong, Hae-Seong;Sin, Min-Yong;Kim, Su-Geun;Park, Dae-Seong;Kim, Hyun-Ki;Kim, Hwa-San;Lee, Hyung-Nam;Ahn, Byeong-Pil;Lee, Dong-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.38-43
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: Patients injected with FDG use the bathroom that Measured surface contamination level and spatial dose rate. This study about the effect that result affects workers in same part. Materials and Methods: Group1 is St. Vincent' s hospital's 60case. Group 2 is Bucheon St. Mary's hospital's 50case. Last case is lower the average daily number of patients than group 2. Measured time is 8:00, 10:00, 13:00, 15:00 and 17:00. Measured part is 4 point of toilet, basin and wastepaper basket, also measured accumulation dose of toilet during 3 month. Hospitals is installed PET/CT ware surveyed on presence of bathroom that used only by patient and worker has been using the bathroom. Results: The highest average surface contamination level of toilet is group1($8.38{\pm}4.56$), but the highest spatial dose rate is group3. Cumulative exposure dose measured by TLD during 3months is St.Vincent's hospital 0.78 mSv and Bucheon St.Mary's hospital 0.37 mSv. And result of survey is 16.12% worker using the bathroom. Conclusions: The more daily number of patient, the higher surface contamination level of bathroom. Especially, wastepaper basket's surface contamination level is exceed the reference value $4Bq/cm^2$. Based on This survey, Bathroom require special attention and proper decontamination.

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Establishment of an Ice Core Processing Method and Analytical Procedures for Fundamental Proxies (빙하코어의 전처리 방법 및 기초 프록시 분석법 확립)

  • Jun, Seong Joon;Hong, Sang Bum;Hur, Soon Do;Lee, Jeonghoon;Kang, Jung-Ho;Hwang, Hee Jin;Chung, Ji Woong;Jung, Hye Jin;Han, Changhee;Hong, Sungmin
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.13-24
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    • 2014
  • We established the first complete ice core processing method and analytical procedures for fundamental proxies, using a 40.2 m long ice core drilled on the Mt. Tsambagarav glacier in the Mongolian Altai mountains in July 2008. The whole core was first divided into two sub ice core sections and the measurements of the visual stratigraphy and electrical conductivity were performed on the surface of these sub core sections. A continuous sequence of samples was then prepared for chemical analyses (stable isotope ratios of oxygen ($^{18}O/^{16}O$) and hydrogen ($^2H/^1H$), soluble ions and trace elements). A total of 29 insoluble dust layers were identified from the measurement of visual stratigraphy. The electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) shows 11 peaks with the current more than 0.8 ${\mu}A$ Comparing the profiles of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ and $Cl^-$ concentrations to correlate with known volcanic eruptions, the first two ECM peaks appear to be linked to the eruptions (January and June 2007) of Kliuchevskoi volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia, which supports the reliability of our ECM data. Finally, the composition of stable isotopes (${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$) shows a well-defined seasonal variation, suggesting that various chemical proxies may have been well preserved in the successive ice layers of Tsambagarav ice core. Our ice core processing method and analytical procedures for fundamental proxies are expected to be used for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental studies from polar and alpine ice cores.

On the penecontemporaneous deformation structures of the Sinri area at the mid western boundary of the Jinan Basin (진안분지 서변 중앙부 신리지역의 준퇴적동시성 변형구조)

  • Lee Young-Up
    • The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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    • v.6 no.1_2 s.7
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    • pp.8-19
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    • 1998
  • In the Sinri area located at the mid western boundary of the Jinan basin, the Manduksan Formation which mainly consists of coarse sandstone narrowly intercalated with shale and the alternation of sand and shale and the Dalgil Formation mainly of shale are distributed. It consists of four lithofacies, such as coarse sandstone, interbedded sandstone/shale, shale and volcanic rock lithofacies. All sediments are interpreted to be deposited by turbidity currents and free fallouts in a lacustrine basin. In these rocks many penecontemporaneous defomation structures are observed such as fold and thrust fault at large scale, and swelling, boudin structure, flame structure, load structure, ptygmatic fold and convolute bedding at small scale. All these structures are developed between upper and lower undisturbed sedimentary strata. Two large folds are similar folds, but lower one gradually developed into concentric shape. The swelling structures by convergence of the sediments are observed in the hinge area and the boudin structures are developed in the limb. The thrust faults including minor folds and sandstone lobes show duplex structure with asymmetric and kink fold on and below in front of the detached sandstone layer. Development of the swellings, boudins and lobes indicates the flexbility of the sediments during deformational episodes. The folds and thrust faults rarely contain fractures relative their scales and lithologies. This feature also indicates the retrievability of sediments during deformation. At the flanks of the thrust faults the normal faults are formed contemporaneously. The deformation structures at small scale such as flame structures, load structures, ptygmatic folds and convolute beddings are syndepositional and penecontemporaneous, which show the effects of tectonic movements. All these deformed sedimentary structures of the Sinri area suggest the continuing tectonic movements during and/or after deposition.

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