• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 1985

To assess the childhood immunization level of urban and rural areas, 250 mothers of $6{\sim}23$ months old children residing in Namsan 1 Dong, Taegu, and 264 mothers of the same age children residing in five areas of Kyungsan Gun where community health practitioners are assigned were interviewed in March, 1984. Immunization rate for BCG was 98.0% in urban area and 95.8% in rural area. Among children who had BCG vaccination 91.4% of them were immunized within 1 month after birth in urban area and 88.1% in rural area. The percentage of children who received three doses of DPT vaccine was 83.2% in urban, and 87.5% in rural area ana that for the polio vaccine was 80.8% in urban and 87.9% in rural area. Only a few children have never been immunized with either BCG or DPT or polio vaccine. Overall immunization rate for measles was 64.4% in urban area while it was 55.3% in rural area and that for mumps and rubella was 50.4% in urban area as compared with 36.0% in rural area. However, among children of 15 months old and above the percentage of measles vaccination was 85.3% in urban area and 73.7% in rural area. Mumps and rubella vaccination rate was 77.6% in urban area and 62.4% in rural area. These differences in measles, mumps and rubella vaccination rates between urban and rural areas were statistically significant (p<0.05). Such findings as improved immunization level, no significant differences in BCG, DPT and polio vaccination rate between urban and rural areas, and fewer mothers in rural area have not vaccinated their children than mothers in urban area because of their ignorance may be attributed to the general improvement of living standard and implementation of the maternal and child health services of the government. Nevertheless many of the mothers in rural as well as urban area have not immunized their children on time and measles, mumps and rubella vaccination rates are substantially lower than other childhood immunizations. Future immunization activity should be geared to reinforcing these areas.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2001

Purpose : The outbreaks of measles in infants and school children have been reported recently, but there are no specific treatment of these patients except symptomatic therapy. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous gammaglobulin(IVGG) therapy in acute febrile phase of measles. Methods : The 68 cases in measles were treated with single dose of IVGG(400~500 mg/kg), and 44 cases were treated with only symptomatic treatment during the periods of 14 months from Jan. 2000 to Feb. 2001. They were compared to duration of fever, rash, the levels of CRP and days of admission on both groups after treatment. Results : The results obtained follows. The average of age was $7.9{\pm}3.6$ year old, and male to female was 1.0 : 1.6. The duration of fever after admission was $2.4{\pm}1.2$ days in treated group and $5.7{\pm}2.4$ days in control group. The period of disappearance of systemic erythematous maculopapular rash was $4.5{\pm}1.3$ days in treated group, and $6.9{\pm}2.4$ days in control group. The durations of admission day were also shown significantly shorter duration of period in treated group(P<0.05). The levels of CRP were no significant difference between two groups before treatment. However, treated group was significantly shown by improved within 5 days after IVGG therapy(P<0.05). Conclusions : The single dose of IVGG(400~500 mg/kg) therapy is one of rapid and effective therapy for clinical symptoms and signs in acute high febrile phase of measles.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

Purpose: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a neurodegerative disease due to persistent measles virus infection. We investigated the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1) molecule which is related with chronic viral infection in developing SSPE in mouse. Methods: We adopt the $PD-1^{-/-}$, $PD-1^{-/+}$, and wild type BALB/c 3 week old mice to make an animal model of SSPE by injecting measles virus (SSPE strain) intraventricularly. Three months after infusion of virus, the mice were sacrificed and examined if the typical pathologic lesions had been progressed. The sera were collected from each group of mice and the serum level of IL-21 was measured with ELISA kit. Results: The necrotic lesions on white matter and gliosis were found in focal areas in wild type BALB/c. The extent of lesion was smaller in heterotype BALB/c. Scanty lesions were found in $PD-1^{-/-}$ mice. The sera level of IL-21 was not elevated in all three groups. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the PD-1 molecule may play a role in persistent viral infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.295-300
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• 1993

Central nervous system of two dogs with natural canine distemper was investigated histopathologically and immunocytochemically with antisera to MBP, MAG and GFAP. Histopathologically, there were neuronal degeneration and diffuse gliosis in the cerebrum, vacuolar degeneration, hypertrophy of astrocytes and demyelination in cerebellar white matter adjacent to the 4th ventricle and optic tracts showing non-inflammatory demyelinating encephalomyelitis (Summers and Appel, 1987). Immunohistochemically, there was a concurrent disappearance of MBP and MAG in the well developed demyelinating lesion in the cerebellar white matter. At the margin of demyelination, Loss of both MBP and MAG varied on the stage of demyelinating process. GFAP-positive astrocytes were hypertrophied and contained canine distemper virus intranuclear inclusions. GFAP-positive fibers were increased at the early stage of demyelination, and then were not immunoreaeted at the well developed demyelination. Hypertrophic astrocytes with intranuclear inclusions were commonly identified in the interfascular layer without myelin vacuolation and demyelination. This is the first study of primary demyelination and astroglial reactions in natural CDE investigated using immunocytochemistry of two myelin proteins and GFAP. Concurrent loss of MBP and MAG suggest that the myelin sheath is the target in the demyelinating process in CDE.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2015

국내 축산업은 구제역, AI 등 법정전염병 발생은 물론 각종 호흡기성 및 세균성 질병이 끊임없이 발생해 농가피해가 심하고 식품의 안전성을 위협받고 있다. 또 다자간 FTA 체결로 값싼 외국산 축산물 수입량이 증가함에 따라 내 우외환의 홍역을 앓고 있는 실정이다. 축산업이 국내외적으로 어려운 시기에 경쟁력을 강화하기 위해서는 생산성 향상을 통한 생산비 절감과 함께 사육환경을 개선해 안전한 식품을 공급하는 동물복지형 친환경축산이 그 대안으로 평가 받고 있다. 이러한 시대적 요청을 선도하기 위해 동물복지형 친환경축산 발전에 기여하는 천연물 및 유익 미생물을 통해 질병, 환경 및 사료를 효과적으로 관리하여 농가소득 증대를 꾀하고, 나아가 축산 경쟁력 제고에 기여할 수 있는 친환경 제품의 개발에 박차를 기하는 업체를 방문하였다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.11 no.9 s.119
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• pp.101-106
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• 1979

부화장에서 병아리를 사료공장에서 사료를 그리고 질병은 항생물질이 사양은 내가 한다고 생각하는 것이 상식화되어 있다. 환절기에 들면서 또 한차례 호흡기병의 홍역을 치루어야 할 우리 양계장에 과연 이렇게 항생물질을 중요한 위치(?)에 두고 함부로 남용해도 좋은것인지 무척 부담스럽다. 왜냐하면 외국에서는 항생물질의 사용을 법으로 철저히 규제하고 있으며 사용자들도 수의사의 처방에 의하여 사용한다는 사실과 너무나 거리가 먼 현실때문이다. 그러면 항생물질은 어떤 것이며 투여효과와 그 다음에 잔존하는 내성문제는 어떠한 것인지 총괄하여 기술해 보기로 한다.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.250
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• pp.82-83
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• 2011

국내 굴지의 금융 기관들이 해킹에 따른 전산 사고 등으로 홍역을 치르고 있다. 특히 고객 정보가 유출되거나 멸실된 경우는 상당액의 금전적 보상도 따를 것으로 보아 회사의 손해도 만만치 않을 것이다. 더 큰 문제는 고객들의 불신에 따른 기업 이미지 손상이다. 이것은 돈으로 환산할 수 없는 가치로 오랜 기간 악 영향을 끼칠 수밖에 없다. 우리 협회 회원사의 경우 개인 고객의 정보를 직접 취급하는 일이 거의 없어 걱정이 덜되지만 대부분의 기업 정보가 전산으로 처리되고 있는 만큼 그 보안 상태를 점검해 볼 필요가 있다.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.85-86
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• 2000

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.541-547
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• 1998

공기 중에 존재하는 미생물(바이오에어로졸, bio-aerosol)은 많은 질병 발생의 원인이다. 의학계에서는 바이오에어로졸과 공기 매개성 질병의 전파와의 연관성이 잘 알려져 있다. 특히 결핵, 수두, 홍역, 천연두의 발병은 공기를 통한 질병 전파의 중요성을 확인시켜 준다. 그러나 IAQ(indoor air qualify)의 영향은 최근에서야 조사되었다. 보건의료기관과 연구실험실에서는 세균과 진균의 감염이 HVAC 시스템을 통해서 종종 일어난다. 유사한 IAQ연구에서는 바이오에어로졸이 빌딩증후군과 같은 빌딩과 관련된 질병(building-related illness, BRI), 감염, 중독성 증상, 민감성 질병과 1차적으로 연결되어 있음을 발견되었다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2005

Purpose : Hypogammaglobulinemia has been observed in nephrotic syndrome, but its pathophysiology remains unknown. We evaluated serum immunoglobulins, IgG subclasses, and vaccine-induced viral antibodies(anti-hepatitis B surface IgG and anti-measles IgG) in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS). Methods : Using the stored sera, the levels of immunoglobulin(IgC, IgM, IgA, and IgC) and IgG subclasses(IgG 1, 2, ,3, and 4), anti-HBs Ab and anti-measles IgG of 21 children with MCNS were analyzed and compared to those of 25 age-matched healthy children. Results : The mean values of IgG and IgG1 were $390{\pm}187\;mg/dL$ and $287{\pm}120\;mg/dL$ in nephrotic children, and $1,025{\pm}284\;mg/dL$ and $785{\pm}19\;mg/dL$ in control children, respectively. The values of the total IgG and the 4 IgG subclasses in nephrotic children were all significantly depressed(P<0.001), but the IgM($251{\pm}183\;mg/dL\;vs. 153{\pm}55\;mg/dL$, P=0.02) and IgE values(P=0.01) were elevated, and the IgA values were not changed. The seropositivity of anti-HBs IgG was 42.9$\%$(9 of 21 cases) in the MCNS group and 52$\%$(13/25) in the control group, and that of anti-measles IgG was 75$\%$(16/21) and 92$\%$(23/25), respectively, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion : IgG and IgG subclass levels in MCNS children are all depressed without significant seronegativity of the vaccine-induced viral antibodies. Further studies are needed to resolve the cause of hypogammaglobulinemia in MCNS. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2005;9:143-148)