• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1993

Chinese white cabbage, Chinese flat cabbage, lettuce, garland chrysanthemum, and green perilla were grown in nutrient solution culture to investigate the effects of various media and nutrient solutions. The culture media were sand, mixed substrate(peatmoss : sand= 1 : 1), and non-media(deep-flow culture). The nutrient solutions were Cooper's, Hoagland's, and Yamazaki's solution. Plants were grown under different treatments for three weeks. Generally, the growth was greatest in non-media culture and followed mixed substrate culture, and poorest in sand culture. In non-media culture, the growth of Chinese white cabbage, Chinese flat cabbage, lettuce, and green perilla was good in Yamazaki's solution. And regardless of nutrient solution, garland chrysanthemum was good in non-media culture. Relative chlorophyll was not different among the treatments.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2000

During the commissioning period in Tonghae thermal power plant which is the largest circulating fluidized bed boiler in the nation, a considerable amount of clinker was formed at FBAC and seal pot. Various attempts, for example, concentration analysis, surface phenomena, thermal characterization, and crystal structure of ash, bed sand, limestone, clinker, and mixture of each gradients have been studied to identify the causes of clinker formed in circulating fluidized bed boiler. As the results, the characterization of black particles in which separated from the clinker is more similar to that of bed sand, on the other hand, white particles are more similar to ash. In addition, the sintering temperature of sand is over $1,200^{\circ}C$ and this temperature was decreased as limestone is added to bed material. The cause of clinker was proved that ash was sticked to molten or sintered sand or limestone in the area of high temperature in the circulating system.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2005

To classify the surface sedimentary facies using IKONOS image collected over Hwangdo tidal flat in Cheonsu Bay, the optical reflectance was compared for characterizing various sedimentary environments such as grain size, tidal channel pattern and area ratio of surface remnant water. The intertidal DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was generated by echo-sounder for analyzing the relationship between IKONOS image and sedimentary environments including topography. The boundary of the optical reflectance between mud-mixed facies and sand facies was distinct, and discrimination of the associated sandbar feature was also possible. The mud-mixed facies coupled with intricate tidal channels is confined to the relatively hi호 topography of Hwangdo tidal flat. The boundary between mud and mixed flat was indistinct in IKONOS optical reflectance but it would have a difference in the area ratio of surface remnant water. The dark area in the image represented the well developed sand facies having a lot of surface remnant water due to the relatively low surface topography. The overall accuracy of characterizing the surface sediment facies by maximum likelihood classification method was 86.2 %. These results demonstrate that high spatial resolution satellite imagery such as IKONOS coupled with knowledge of grain size, surface remnant water and tidal channel network can be effectively used to characterize the surface sedimentary facies (mud, mixed and sand) network of the tidal flat environments.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

This paper presents sedimentation and consolidation characteristics of dredged soils mixed with sand materials through the self-weight consolidation tests adopting stepwise filling method. After completely throwing away dredged soils daily by flour kinds of S-C, which is the quantity of sand contained, results fi:om laboratory tests are compared with those from a new method using hyperbolic, which considers stage settling and consolidating characteristics, and those from the existing analyzing method. Liquid limit up to 65% had a large effect on consistency properties. Assuming that the settlement occurred only by clay content of dredged soils, it is shown that the clay void ratio is less than 2 and 4 respectively in case S-C is 0% and 50%. In the applied hyperbolic method, reinitialized curve has a linear behavior of a coefficient of correlation of almost 1, and the coefficient of slope and intercept except fur the specimen with the height of 10cm and 20cm had a tendency to fellow exponent function and a shape of zone settling and dispersing settling. The results computed by the applied hyperbolic method rather than the existing analyzing method coincide with those of laboratory tests. It is shown that the former is more suitable than the latter for the area considering the influence, of sand materials.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.75-84
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• 2008

Recycled-aggregate porous concrete pile (RAPP) which forms a composite ground is one of new ground improvement techniques. In this paper, triaxial compression tests are carried out to investigate the shear strength characteristics of RAPP-Clay composite samples. The main purpose of the tests was to investigate the effects of area replacement ratio ($15%{\sim}100%$) on behaviors of RAPP-Clay samples during shearing. Also, triaxial compression tests using Sand-Clay composite samples were performed to compare with the behaviors of RAPP-Clay samples. The test results showed that the friction angle and cohesion of the RAPP-Clay composite were $18{\sim}34$ degree and $557.0{\sim}588.0\;kPa$, respectively, whereas those of sand-clay composite samples were 26~35 degree of friction angel and $4.0{\sim}18.0\;kPa$.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.61-66
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• 2014

The various recycling methods of mixed coal ash have been developed considerably and it's recycling quantity has been increased. However, the more relatively finer grain content of coal ash in ash pond is increased the more it's quantity is increased in recycling as products for drainage in soft ground etc. Accordingly, the geotechnical properties of mixed coal ash in ash pond would be inferior and it's recycling rate should reach the limitations in increase. In this study, to recycle mixed coal ash contained fine grain in considerably amount as products for strength, etc. By adding binder to it and manifesting, it's compressive strength is stronger than the criteria, these are suggested; 1) the variety of compressive strength test performed on mixed coal ash of various grain distributions as main material, 2) the kind of binder, it's mixing quantity and the optimum content rate range of fine grain coal ash that the compressive strength stronger than a certain compressive strength is manifested. Cement is more excellent than quicklime as binder in manifesting stronger compressive strength and the sieve type to sort it is #40 sieve in order to recycle all mixed coal ash in ash pond efficiently as products for drainage as well as products for strength, etc. And, it could increase insufficient compressive strength remarkably that content of pure sand is more in the rate as pure sand and the part of mixed coal ash in ash pond to pass through #40 sieve is mixed in the ratio of 2 to 8.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.159-169
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• 2007

The behavior of fiber-reinforced cemented sands (FRCS) was studied to improve a brittle failure mode observed in cemented sands. Nak-dong River sand was mixed with ordinary Portland cement and a Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber. A PVA fiber is widely used in concrete and cement reinforcement. It has a good adhesive property to cement and a specific gravity of 1.3. A PVA fiber has a diameter of 0.1 mm that is thicker than general PVA fiber for reinforced cement. Clean Nak-dong River sand, cement and fiber at optimum water content were compacted in 5 layers giving 55 blows per layer. They were cured for 7 days. Cemented sands with a cement/sand ratio of 4% were fiber-reinforced at different locations and tested for unconfined compression tests. The effect of fiber reinforcement form and distribution on strength was investigated. A specimen with evenly distributed fiber showed two times more strength than not-evenly reinforced specimen. The strength of fiber-reinforced cemented sands increases as fiber reinforcement ratio increases. A fully reinforced specimen was 1.5 times stronger than a specimen reinforced at only middle part. FRCS behavior was controlled not only by a dosage of fiber but also by fiber distribution methods or fiber types.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.116.1-116.1
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• 2010

저급 연료원인 오일샌드는 아스팔트와 같은 중질유를 10% 이상 함유한 모래 또는 사암으로서, 겉으로는 시커먼 흙이나 모래처럼 보이나 내부에는 bitumen, 모래(점토) 및 물 등이 광물질 70~80%, bitumen 10~18%, 물 3~5% 정도의 비율로 혼합되어 있는데, 가열 또는 용매 추출 방식으로 오일샌드에 포함되어 있는 bitumen을 분리하여 정제하면 원유를 생산할 수 있으므로 고유가 시대의 대체에너지원으로 세계적인 석유회사들이 개발을 진행하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 저급 연료원인 오일샌드 bitumen의 활용기술 개발을 위하여 기초특성 분석 결과 bitumen과 가장 유사한 특성을 가지는 것으로 파악된 중질잔사유를 대상으로 가스화를 통한 액체연료 전환을 위해 고점도 시료공급장치, 가스화기, 집진장치, 탈황장치, 수성가스 전환장치, 합성가스 압축장치, DME 전환장치 등으로 구성되는 시스템을 구축한 후 시험을 진행하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.951-956
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 $\bigcirc\bigcirc$화력발전소 회사장에 매립되고 있는 혼합회가 도로성토 및 철도노반 등 성토재로 사용될 수 있는가를 평가하기 위하여 물리적 및 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 비중, 액소성 시험, 입도분석, XRD 시험, 강열감량시험, 실내투수시험을 통해 물리적 특성을 평가하였고 다짐시험, CBR 시험, 배수삼축압축시험을 실시하여 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 두 가지 혼합회에 실험한 결과 비중은 2.181~2.189, 투수계수는 $1.32{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.89{\times}10^{-4}cm/sec$, 수정CBR은 19.5~21%, 배수마찰각은 $36.43{\sim}41.39^{\circ}$로 평가 되었다. 혼합회의 투수계수는 실트질 흙과 유사한 범위에 있으며 배수마찰각은 상대밀도가 큰 모래질 흙이 보일 수 있는 내부마찰각의 범위를 보였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 혼합회는 도로성토 및 철도노반 등 성토재로 사용할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

In case of crushing rock to produce materials for lean concrete subbase layer in concrete pavement, natural sand is used for the gradation adjustment of aggregates, and the percentage of natural sand used is 30%~40% of the weight ratio of aggregate mix. The supply of natural sand that is used in lean concrete as a fine aggregate is getting harder due to the current of exhaustion of source, and the cost for the purchase of natural sand is included in the cost of roadway construction. This study, therefore, was conducted in order to resolve the exhaustion of materials and economize in construction expenditure by the application of screenings, which is by-product of crushing rock in quarry, as an alternative to natural sand. As a result of a comparative analysis on the application of screenings and natural sand with typical types of rock that is produced in domestic, which was conducted in the first year, It is found out that the use of screenings as a fine aggregate showed better unconfined compression strength. Verification of actual application of screenings was conducted in the second year, after test construction and follow-up investigation. The compressive strength, compaction density, settlement of screenings applied case was higher than that of natural sand. Thus, it is expected that application of screenings to construction in field will contribute to the cost saving, material recycling and the protection of environment.