• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to evaluate effect of heavy metals (i.e., $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Cr^{6+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, $Hg^{2+}$, and $Pb^{2+}$) to toxicity of Triclosan as binary mixture. The individual toxicity and combined toxic effects of Triclosan with heavy metals were evaluated by Vibrio fischeri assay. In individual toxicity, the $Hg^{2+}$ was found to be most toxic followed by Triclosan, $Pb^{2+}$, $Cr^{6+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Cd^{2+}$, respectively. To evaluate combined toxic effect, correlation analysis of 'predicted value' calculated by Concentration addition (CA) model and Independent action (IA) model with 'experimental value' were performed based on the toxicity of individual compound. As a result, all of the combinations showed that IA model were more correlated with experimental value than CA model. On the basis of the median effect concentration of combination ($EC_{50mix}$) predicted by IA model, experimental $EC_{50mix}$ of Triclosan + Cu, Triclosan + Zn, Triclosan + Pb, Triclosan + Hg, Triclosan + Cd, and Triclosan + Cr were 191%, 226%, 138%, 137%, 209%, and 138% of $EC_{50mix}$ predicted by IA model, respectively, indicating that all of the combinations produced antagonistic effect.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.437-445
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed two components, sulforaphane and PF-3758309 to prove that the mixed composition of them has more effective antioxidant and whitening functions compared to each component. We analyzed the cellular toxicity of each component and also the mixed composition to find the safe concentration level for cell viability. From the single component treatment, we discovered that sulforaphane was safe up to $10{\mu}M$, and PF-3758309 up to 100 nM. Combination treatment of $10{\mu}M$ sulforaphane and 1 nM PF-3758309 did not affect the cell viability. The LPS-stimulated NO generation was significantly reduced by the mixed composition of sulforaphane and PF-3758309. Melanogenesis by ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) was also inhibited by the mixed composition. In order to confirm the possibility as the cosmetic material, we carried out clinical studies for the mixed composition samples. Skin safety evaluation using patch test was judged to be unstimulated, skin whitening effect was increased, and melanin deposition was suppressed by treatment of mixed composition samples. These results provide us with the opportunity for applying it into the development of new functional cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2022

This study attempted to investigate the antioxidant capacity and whitening effects of the extract from the mixture of 7 different vegan cosmetic ingredients. To examine radical scavenging capacity, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were performed. In addition, polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations were measured to check antioxidant substances. Specifically, in a DPPH test, 105.74 mg ascorbic acid/g antioxidant capacity was observed. In an ABTS assay, 85.31 mg ascorbic acid/g antioxidant capacity was found. Lastly, in an FRAP assay, 1mg of the extract revealed ascorbic acid 198.01±5.50 ㎍ reducing power. Polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations were 30.19±0.75 mg/g and 9.12±0.36 mg/g respectively. In a cell-based assay, cytotoxicity and whitening activity were examined. In terms of cytotoxicity, '20% or less' was observed. Furthermore, the inhibition of melanin synthesis was '34.70±2.97%' at 100 ㎍/mL, confirming the possibility of the extract from the mixture of 7 different substances as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

본 연구는 물벼룩을 환경 중 UV-B와 유사한 강도에 노출시켜 8세대 이상 적응시킨 후 Daphnia magna의 UV-B 적응이 광독성 오염물질의 독성 민감도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. UV-B에 적응된 D. magna는 UV-B와 Cu 동시 노출 시 자외선에 적응되지 않은 D. magna에 비해 높은 저항성을 보였다(p<0.1). 그 이유는 D. magna가 UV-B에 적응되는 과정에서 oxidative stress에 대한 방어/회복 능력이 증가하여 동일한 ROS를 생성하는 Cu에 노출되었을때 효과적으로 저항할 수 있었기 때문으로 해석된다. Pyrene, fluoranthene, anthracene, As, Cd, Ni은 독성이 증가하거나 동일하게 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.190-190
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• 1994

아급성독성시험 : DA-125를 1.0, 0.2, 0.04 mg/kg/day의 용량으로 4주간 정맥내투여시 고용량군에서만 세포분화가 빠른 골수, 비장, 흉선 등의 장기에서 독성이 나타났으며 중간 및 저용량군에서는 독성변화가 나타나지 않았다. 2)항원성시험 : DA-125는 단독 또는 면역보조제(CFA)와의 혼합감작에 의하여 능동전신성 또는 수신피부 아나필라시스를 일으키지 않았으며 면역확산법에 의해서도 항체가 확인되지 않았다. 면역독성시험에서 DA-125는 흉선, 비장의 위축과 임파구중식억제를 나타냈으나 그 정도는 DXR보다 경미하였다. 3)혈완장해시험 : 0.4%의 DA-125 용액은 토끼의 이개정맥내 정맥주사 및 저류시에 혈전형성이나 염증반응 등의 혈관장해를 나타내지 않았으나, 0.2%의 DXR용액은 약한 염증반응을 보였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.255-259
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• 2006

The biodegradable hyaluronic acid(HA) membranes cross-linked with lactide using the crosslinking agent, 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide(EDC) were prepared as a potential biocompatible material for tissue engineering. HA membranes having different mechanical properties were synthesised by varying degree of the mole ratio of lactide to HA, EDC concentration, and crosslinking temperature. HA membranes were degradable in water solution and the degradation became slower with the increasing mole ratio of lactide to HA. HA membranes were sterilized using ethylene oxide gas and extracted with cell culture medium for 24 h at $37^{\circ}C$ and 200 rpm. Cytotoxicity of the extract was tested using NIH/3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast as a model cell. Growth inhibition was not observed in the extracts of HA membranes with the mole ratios of lactide to HA, 5 or 10, and 10% EDC concentration, however 11% of growth inhibition was observed in the extract with the mole ratio of 13. Growth inhibition was not observed in the extracts of HA membranes prepared with 5% EDC or 10% EDC and the mole ratio of lactide to HA, 10, however 12% of growth inhibition was observed in the extract with 20% EDC. Cytotoxicity was not observed in the extracts of HA membranes prepared at varying crosslinking temperatures, $15^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;and\;28^{\circ}C$ with the mole ratio of lactide to HA, 10 and 10% EDC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.40-45
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• 1996

사람 T-임파구에서 방사선 독성물질인 감마선과 화학적 독성물질인 PCP(pentachlorophenol)의 돌연변이 효과를 hprt (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase) 유전자의 돌연변이빈도로써 측정하였다. 감마선은 $^{137}$Cs원을 사용하여, 0 - 300 rads의 양으로 세포의 초기배양 시기에 조사하였으며, PCP는 역시 세포의 초기배양시 최종농도 0-100 ppm으로 24시간 투여 하였다. 양 돌연변이원은 hprt유전자를 돌연변이 시키어, 300rads의 조사는 대조군에 비하여 약 7.5배의 돌연변이빈도의 증가를 나타내었고, PCP 500 ppm의 처리는 대조군에 비하여 약 5배의 돌연변이빈도 증가를 나타내었다. 본 실험에 사용된 상이한 두 돌연변이원은 모두 비교적 정확한 용량-반응 관계를 보였으나, 환경독성물질들의 혼합효과에서 돌연변이원을 정성하기위하여 개선된 T-cell hprt clonal assay, 즉 reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction 및 direct sequencing에 의한 mutational spectrum의 적용이 요구되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.487-493
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• 2004

This study has been undertaken to increase availability of native camellia in Jeonnam as a medicinal resource and to isolate the effective components from them. Fresh leaf and flower of camellia, single camellia tea and camellia tea mixed with green tea, herbs were screened for cytotoxicity on MCF -7 (human breast adenocarcinoma pleual effusion), Calu-6 (human pulmonary carcinoma), SNU-601 (human gastric carcinoma) cells. Also their multidrug-resistance reversing activity were evaluated using drug sensitive AML-2/WT and multidrug-resistant AML-2/D100 cells. Among the camellia extracts, young leaf and camellia tea mixed with green tea had strong growth inhibitory effects in below 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against human cancer cells. In result, young leaf showed the strongest inhibitory effects on MCF -7 ($IC_{50}$/ = 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL ↑), Calu-6 ($IC_{50}$/ = 79 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), and SNU -601 ($IC_{50}$/ = 39 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), and AML-2/WT ($IC_{50}$/ = 64 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). Chemosensitizing effect was the extracts of mature leaf ($IC_{50}$/ = 97 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF=3.0), roasted tea ($IC_{50}$/ = 76 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF = 2.6 ↑) and steam tea ($IC_{50}$/ = 70 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF=2.8 ↑) strongly potentiate vincristine cytotoxicity in AML-2/D100 cells. But their cytotoxicities to both sensitive AML-2/WT and resistant AML-2/D100 cells were in the same order of magnitude. This results indicate that crude extracts of camellia mature leaves would contain some principles which have chemosensitizing activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.342-350
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• 1999

Photobacterium phosphoreum was used in order to study response to heavy metal including $HgCl_2$, $CdCl_2$, $MnSO_4$ and $ZnSO_4$ in view of developing monitoring system for toxic substances. The concentrations of heavy metal causing 50% reduction($EC_{50}$) in bioluminescence intensity were determined with both free and immobilized P. phosphoreum. The bioluminescence responses were examined at various concentrations of heavy metal after 10, 20 and 30 min of exposure. The linear correlation between Gamma values and concentrations of heavy metal was obtained and $EC_{50}$ was calculated from the linear correlation. The significant inhibitory concentrations for bioluminescence emission were found to be 0.05mg/L for $HgCl_2$, 25mg/L for $CdCl_2$, 50mg/L for $MnSO_4$ and 12.5mg/L for $ZnSO_4$, respectively. The free cell and disc type were shown to be more sensitive to heavy metal than cells mixed with Na-alginate or immobilized on Sr-alginate. However, the linear regression curves were derived from the Sr-alginate immobilized cells indicating the immobilization method is a useful tool for monitoring of heavy metal under more stable condition of bioluminescence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2002

유류로 오염된 부지에 토양세정기법을 적용하기 위한 전 단계로, 실험실 규모의 컬럼실험을 통하여 pilot 규모 현장 적용을 위한 설계인자 및 최적 운전조건을 규명하고자 적정 세척제 종류와 농도, 배합비 및 세정용액 주입유량을 고찰하였다. 회분식실험 결과 POE$_{14}$와 SDS(1:1)를 1%로 적용한 흔합계면활성제의 효율이 가장 우수하였으나, 예비실험 결과 음이온계 계면활성제인 SDS는 미생물에 독성을 끼치는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타나 같은 농도에서 효율이 거의 유사한 POE$_{5}$와 POE$_{14}$ 혼합계면활성제를 이용하여 실험하였다. 선정된 혼합계면활성제를 적용하여 디젤 오염토양 세척능력을 검토한 결과 세척제 농도 1%까지는 효율이 증가하다가 1% 이상의 농도에서는 다시 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 계면활성제 배합비는 1:1로 혼합하였을 경우 세척효율이 가장 우수하였다. 따라서 POE$_{5}$와 POE$_{14}$ (1:1) 1% 혼합계면활성제를 세척제로 선정하였다. 컬럼실험 결과, 주입 flux가 클수록 세정 제거된 총 유류의 양이 증가하였으며, 같은 pore volume의 세정용액 통과 시에는 flux가 작을수록 제거효율이 좋았다.