• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the dry matter intake, weight gain and the required area of grazing pasture for dairy goats. The experimental trials were conducted from April, 2007 to June, 2008 at the animal experimental station in Chungnam National University. The seed mixtures of grazing pasture were composed of orchardgrass (40%) + tall fescue (20%) + perennial ryegrass (10%) + alfalfa (15%) + red clover (15%). The grazing area was $5,000\;m^2$ which was composed of 4 paddocks (average $1,250\;m^2$/plot) and the goats were grazed twelve times by a rotational grazing system. The dairy goats (Saanen) were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average 31.1kg). The average chemical composition of herbage of mixture in grazing periods was crude protein (20.4%), NDF (65.3%) and ADF (31.1%) respectively and the in vitro dry matter digestibility was 68.9%. The average dry matter intake amount per head was 1.253 kg, and the intake amount per body weight was 3.01%. The average body weight gain during the grazing periods (184 days) was 17.4 kg, and the daily gain was 98 g. The required area of grazing pasture was calculated at $467.7\;m^2$ a dairy goat (weight 50 kg basis). This figure, being converted into animal unit (AU), corresponded to approximately 2.14 AU/ha.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1980

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 한국초지조사료학회 2001년도 제25회 정기총회 프로그램 제39회 학술발표회 및 특별강연 초록(한국초지학회)
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• pp.103.1-103
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• 2001

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

The cone-beam CT (CBCT) which is acquired using on-board imager (OBI) attached to a linear accelerator is widely used for the image guided radiation therapy. In this study, the effect of respiratory motion on the quality of CBCT image was evaluated. A phantom system was constructed in order to simulate respiratory motion. One part of the system is composed of a moving plate and a motor driving component which can control the motional cycle and motional range. The other part is solid water phantom containing a small cubic phantom ($2{\times}2{\times}2cm^3$) surrounded by air which simulate a small tumor volume in the lung air cavity CBCT images of the phantom were acquired in 20 different cases and compared with the image in the static status. The 20 different cases are constituted with 4 different motional ranges (0.7 cm, 1.6 cm, 2.4 cm, 3.1 cm) and 5 different motional cycles (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 sec). The difference of CT number in the coronal image was evaluated as a deformation degree of image quality. The relative average pixel intensity values as a compared CT number of static CBCT image were 71.07% at 0.7 cm motional range, 48.88% at 1.6 cm motional range, 30.60% at 2.4 cm motional range, 17.38% at 3.1 cm motional range The tumor phantom sizes which were defined as the length with different CT number compared with air were increased as the increase of motional range (2.1 cm: no motion, 2.66 cm: 0.7 cm motion, 3.06 cm: 1.6 cm motion, 3.62 cm: 2.4 cm motion, 4.04 cm: 3.1 cm motion). This study shows that respiratory motion in the region of inhomogeneous structures can degrade the image quality of CBCT and it must be considered in the process of setup error correction using CBCT images.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2020

This study was conducted to find out the effects of seed mixture using new domestic grass varieties orchardgrass 'Onnuri' and tall fescue 'Greenmaster' on botanical composition and dry matter productivity from 2015 to 2018 in oversown hilly pasture, the central northern area of Korea. This experiment was consisted of 4 mixed grasses (Treatment 1 : tall fescue oriented mixture with imported varieties; Treatment 2 : orchardgrass oriented mixture with imported varieties; Treatment 3 : orchardgrass oriented mixture with domestic varieties, Treatment 4 : tall fescue oriented mixture with domestic varieties). Evaluation of seasonal changes in botanical composition of pasture showed that orchardgrass was the highest in all treatments, ranging from 46 to 89% and Kentucky bluegrass was the second highest in all treatments. Treatment 3 (7,633 kg ha^-1) and Treatment 4 (7,570 kg ha^-1), mixed grasses using domestic varieties, were showed the highest dry matter yield than Treatment 1(6,950 kg ha^-1) and Treatment 2 (6,934 kg ha^-1), which were mixed grasses using introduced varieties. Therefore, these results showed that the orchard grass oriented grasses mixture with domestic varieties was good for grassland vegetation and productivity in oversown hilly pasture, the central northern area of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2017

This study was conducted to find out the effects of over seeding using new grass varieties orchardgrass 'Kordione' and 'Onnuri', and tall fescue 'Greenmaster' on botanical composition and dry matter productivity from 2013 to 2016 in low productivity hilly pasture, middle area of Korea. There were used 3 grass seed mixture types made of different compositions and amounts {T1: control - no over seeding, T2: tall fescue (TF) 'Greenmaster' $18kg\;ha^{-1}$, orchardgrass (OG) 'Kordione' $9kg\;ha^{-1}$, Perennial ryegrass (PRG) 'Linn' $5kg\;ha^{-1}$, and Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) 'Kenblue' $2kg\;ha^{-1}$, T3: TF 'Greenmaster' $9kg\;ha^{-1}$, OG 'Kordione' $18kg\;ha^{-1}$, PRG 'Linn' $5kg\;ha^{-1}$, and KBG ' Kenblue' $2kg\;ha^{-1}$, T4: TF 'Greenmaster' $9kg\;ha^{-1}$, OG 'Onnuri' $18kg\;ha^{-1}$, PRG 'Linn' $5kg\;ha^{-1}$, and KBG 'Kenblue' $2kg\;ha^{-1}$}. In the botanical composition of grassland, T1 nearly remained constant in other seasons while ratio of weeds were increased in summer season. T2 was better than control (T1) in portion of grass ratio, which has increased by 80%. In the early time of establishment, the portions of OG were increased in T2, but TF rate was increased after 3 years later when grass was established. T3 and T4 showed a very similar patterns, grass ratio had increased by 80% and the portion of KBG had increased as time passed. T2 ($129,763kg\;ha^{-1}$) was showed the highest dry matter yield than other treatments (T1: $6,756kg\;ha^{-1}$, T3: 9641, and T4: 10,738) in 2016.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2004

To examine the potentiality of grassland dominated with turf-type grasses, which are mainly used for the establishment of green spaces, forage production and its utilization as forage resources, dry matter yield and forage quality of three different turf-type mixtures were estimated throughout three consecutive experimental years. According to the experiment, the mean of dry matter(DM) yield, chemical composition, DM digestibility, crude protein dry matter(CPDM) and digestible dry matter(DDM) yield was not significantly different among species(p > 0.05) over three experimental years. Botanical composition of three dominant species(tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass) was 42, 35 and 28%, respectively, in three mixtures at the last cutting(6th) in 2001. The botanical composition of three dominated species such as tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass was maintained 84% of the total plants in all types of mixtures. Therefore, It is observed that the mixture types did not closely affect the botanical composition. But botanical composition of the other species such as redtop(8%) and creeping bentgrass(6${\sim}$7%) was low. Especially, that of red fescue was the least(1${\sim}$2%) of all mixed species. As mentioned above, any difference was not observed in DM yields, forage quality and botanical composition among mixture types. Therefore, any types of mixtures can be used as public green spaces like school ground areas or river-sides, and as forage resources additionally.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different stockpiled periods on the nutritive value and productivity of mixed orchardgrass tall-fescue pasture (MOTP). This experiment was conducted at Jeju (island), South Korea, from Sep. 2012 to Nov. 2012. The DM yield of the MOTP had the highest in treatment in late August (2,983 kg/ha). The DM yields of swards were increased significantly by shortening the stockpiled period. The CP of the MOTP was 16.5% to 18.16%, and there did not appear to be a consistent trend in accordance with the duration of the stockpiled periods. The NDF and TDN content of the MOTP increased with the delay of the stockpiled periods, but there is a significant difference between the short- and long-stockpile periods; however, the ADF content of the MOTP decreased with shortened stockpile periods, but again, there is a significant difference between the two periods. In addition, P, Ca, Mg, Na, and Zn of MOTP increased by delaying the stockpile period, but Mn and Cu of MOTP decreased. As shown in the results of this research, the yield of MOTP was not increased by the atrophy of the growth of MOTP due to high temperatures in case where the MOTP was stockpiled from the beginning of August. The stockpile period of MOTP should therefore be started at the end of August to yield a stockpile of MOTP in the autumn.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2004

The objective of this experiment was to suggest the optimum N fertilization level for turf type mixtures {Kentucky bluegrass(Newport) 40% + tall fescue(Rebell Jr.) 20%. + perennial ryegrass(Palmer II) 10% + redtop(Barricuda) 10% + red fescue(Salem) 10% + creeping bentgrass(Crenshaw) 10%}. The field trials were conducted from 1998 to 2000 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality on the N levels(100, 150 and 200kg/ha). With increasing the N level, the average DM yields over 2-years of turf type mixtures significantly increased. The average total DM yields were obtained 6,551, 8,182 and 9,501kg/ha at N 100, 150 and 200kg/ha level(p<0.05), respectively. CP content and DMD were increased, whereas fibrous constituents was decreased(p<0.05), but CPDM and DDM yields were significantly increased with increasing the N levels over 2-year(p<0.05). Based on the results, considering the total DM yield and the quality of herbages which were incidentally produced from turf type mixtures, it can be suggested that the suitable N level was 200kg/ha. But increased N fertilizer usage for general purpose use and expenses on turf type mixtures should be considered in advance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.701-706
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• 2004

The objective of this experiment was to compare the dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen and energy utilization of herbages harvested from turf type mixtures {tall fescue(Rebell Jr.) 40%+ perennial ryegrass(Palmer II) 20%+ Kentucky bluegrass(Newport) 10%+ redtop(Banicuda) 10%+ red fescue(Salem) 10%+ creeping bentgrass(Crenshaw) 10%} and tall type mixtures {orchardgrass(Potomac) 40%+ tall fescue(Fawn) 20%+ Festuloium braunii(Paulita) 10%+ perennial ryegrass(Reveille) 10%+ timothy(Climax) 10%+ red clover(Kenblue) 10%+ alfalfa(Vernal) 10%} by Korean native goats. This experiment was conducted by total collection method in laboratory, 2001. The voluntary DM intake per body weight were slightly higher for turf type mixtures(28.9g) than that of tall type mixtures(26.2g), but there was no significant difference. The digestibility of cellular constituents was slightly higher for turf type mixtures than that of tall type mixtures(p<0.05), but digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF did not differ between two mixtures. The retained nitrogen percent(apparently biological value) was slightly higher for turf type mixtures(56.7%) than that of tall type mixtures(56.4%), but there was no significant difference between two mixtures. Apparently retained digestible energy was slightly higher for turf type mixtures(58.3%) than that of tall type mixtures(57.9%), but there was no significant difference between two mixtures. Based on the results, the herbage utilization by Korean native goats did not showed any significant difference between two mixtures, therefore there is a possibility that herbages of turf type mixtures can be used as a roughages by livestock.