• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.461-467
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• 2014

Active queue management (AQM) algorithms run on routers and detect incipient congestion by typically monitoring the instantaneous or average queue size. When the average queue size exceeds a certain threshold, AQM algorithms infer congestion on the link and notify the end systems to back off by proactively dropping some of the packets arriving at a router or marking the packets to reduce transmission rate at the sender. Among the existing AQM algorithms, random early detection (RED) is well known as the representative queue-based management scheme by randomizing packet dropping. To reduce the number of timeouts in TCP and queuing delay, maintain high link utilization, and remove bursty traffic biases, the RED considers an average queue size as a degree of congestions. However, RED do not well in the specified networks conditions due to the fixed parameters($P_{max}$ and $TH_{min}$) of RED. This paper addresses a extended RED to be adapted in various networks conditions. By sensing network state, $P_{max}$ and $TH_{min}$ can be automatically changed to proper value and then RED do well in various networks conditions.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.466-474
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• 2007

Asymmetric networks that the downlink bandwidth is larger than the uplink bandwidth may cause the degradation of the TCP performance due to the uplink congestion. In order to solve this problem, this paper designs and implements the Dynamic Segment Size Control mechanism which offers a suitable segment size for current networks. The proposed mechanism does not require any changes in customer premises but suppress the number of ACKs using segment reassembly technique to avoid the uplink congestion. The gateway which adapted the Dynamic Segment Size Control mechanism, detects the uplink congestion condition and dynamically measures the bandwidth asymmetric ratio and the packet loss ratio. The gateway reassembles some of segments received from the server into a large segment and transmits it to the client. This reduces the number of corresponding ACKs. In this mechanism, the SACK option is used when occurs the bit error during the transmission. Based on the simulation in the GEO satellite network environment, we analyzed the performance of the Dynamic Segment Size Control mechanism.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Currently satellite communication systems usually use the ACM(Adaptive Coding and Modulation) to extend the link availability and to increase the bandwidth efficiency. However, when ACM system is used for satellite communications, we should carefully consider TCP congestion control to avoid network congestions. Because MODCODs in ACM are changed to make a packet more robust according to satellite wireless link conditions, bandwidth of satellite forward link is also changed. Whereas TCP has a severe problem to control the congestion window for the changed bandwidth, then packet overflow can be experienced at MAC or PHY interface buffers. This is a reason that TCP in transport layer does not recognize a change of bandwidth capability form MAC or PHY layer. To overcome this problem, we propose the adaptive congestion control scheme of TCP for supporting ACM in Satellite PEP (Performance Enhancing Proxy) systems. Simulation results by using ns-2 show that our proposed scheme can be efficiently adapted to the changed bandwidth and TCP congestion window size, and can be useful to improve TCP performance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2D
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• pp.113-118
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• 2010

This paper presents an analysis of the instability phenomenon on motorways, with the aim of arriving at the definition of a control strategy suitable for keeping the flow stable. By using some results of the motorway reliability theory, a relationship and some flow characteristics is obtained, which shows that the existence of a reliability threshold critical for flow stability. The macroscopic flow characteristics corresponding to this threshold are very different in different situations, so that this control of flow stability requires the analysis of speed and density microscopic process surveyed on a cross section of the motorway carriage ways to be controlled. A method is presented, based on integrated moving average(IMA) analysis in real time of these processes, by which it is possible to detect the approach of instability before its effects become manifest, and to single out the proper control strategy in different situations.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2009

This paper suggests the background image and the algorism of detecting an accident at crossroads by using the sequence of traffic light at crossroads, which is installed within the crossroads, in order to detect an accident within crossroads. A method of using the existing image contains a problem that the accident-detection ratio gets lower in a situation that noise occurs loudly given using new accident model, the confused situation, or sound source. This study used the accident detection by developing a filter of using the property of histogram in the sequence of traffic light at crossroads and the background image, in order to reduce misjudgment of an accident caused by external shadow, vehicle stoppage, vehicle headlight, and externally environmental influence. As a result of experimenting by acquiring 15 actual accident images in order to examine the performance of the suggested algorism, the accident was detected in all the 15 videos. Even as for a new accident model, the accident within crossroads could be detected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.277-279
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• 2003

Ad­hoc 네트워크 환경은 자유롭고 예측할 수 없는 통신 노드들의 이동으로 인해 기본적인 TCP 혼잡 제어가 상당히 나쁜 영향을 미치게 된다. 기본적인 기존의 TCP에 대한 에러 감지(detection) 및 복구(recovery)는 새로운 환경에 맞추어 개선되어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 잦은 경로변경 현상을 네트워크의 피드백 없이도 패킷의 순서가 바뀌어 전달됨을 이용하여 알아내고, 이를 처리하여 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 또한 오랜 시간의 네트워크 단절에 따른 성능감소문제를 수신자(Receiver)가 검사하여 해결할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.319-321
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• 2015

인지무선네트워크 (Cognitive Radio Networks) 환경에서 스펙트럼의 원소유주인 1차사용자가 전송을 개시하는 경우, 같은 채널을 사용하는 2차사용자의 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 는 전송 불능 상태가 되어 심각한 성능저하가 발생한다. 이러한 성능저하는 1차사용자의 등장으로 인해 채널이 사용 불가능 해지는 상태를 패킷 손실로 판단하여 재전송 타임아웃이 발생하기 때문에 발생된다. 우리는 이 문제를 링크 또는 물리 계층 (하위계층) 과 TCP간의 크로스레이어링을 통하여 해결하고자 한다. 하위 계층은 1차사용자의 전송이 감지되면, 이를 TCP에게 시그널링하고, TCP는 이를 통해 재전송 타이머와 혼잡 윈도우를 고정시키고, 패킷 전송을 중단하도록 한다. 또, 하위계층이 가용 채널을 감지하게 되면, 재차 TCP에게 시그널링을 함으로써, 전송이 신속하게 재개되도록 한다. 제안하는 방법은 실제 USRP(Universal Software Radio Peripheral)에 구현하여 성능의 향상을 검증한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.125-132
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• 2017

Vehicular safety service reduces traffic accidents and traffic congestion by informing drivers in advance of threats that may occur while driving using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications in a wireless environment. For vehicle safety services, every vehicle must broadcasts a Basic Safety Message(BSM) periodically. In congested traffic areas, however, network congestion can easily happen, reduce the message delivery ratio, increase end-to-end delay and destabilize vehicular safety service system. In this paper, to solve the network congestion problem in vehicle safety communications, we approximate the relationship between channel busy ratio and the number of vehicles and use it to estimate the total network congestion. We propose a new context-aware transmit power control algorithm which controls the transmission power based on total network congestion. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using Qualnet, a network simulator. As a result, the estimation of total network congestion is accurately approximated except in specific scenarios, and the packet error rate in vehicle safety communication is reduced through transmit power control.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.125-132
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• 2007

Transmission mechanisms that include an available bandwidth estimation algorithm and a packet loss differentiation scheme, in general, exhibit higher TCP performance in wireless networks. TCP New Jersey, known as the best existing scheme in terms of goodput, improves wireless TCP performance using the available bandwidth estimation at the sender and the congestion warning at intermediate routers. Although TCP New Jersey achieves 17% and 85% improvements in goodput over TCP Westwood and TCP Reno, respectively, we further improve TCP New Jersey by exploring improved available bandwidth estimation, retransmission timeout, and recovery mechanisms. Hence, we propose TCP New Jersey PLUS (shortly TCP NJ+), showing that under 1% packet loss rate, it outperforms 3% by TCP New Jersey and 5% by TCP Wes1wood. In 5% packet loss rate, a characteristic of high bit-error-rate wireless network, it outperforms other TCP variants by 19% to 104% in terms of goodput even when the network is in bi-directional congestion.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.3B
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• pp.130-137
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• 2005

Wireless communication environment is changing rapidly as we use new wireless communication technology such as WiBro to access high speed Internet. As a result, reliable data transmission using TCP is also expected to increase. Since TCP assumes that it is used in wired network, TCP suffers significant performance degradation over wireless network where packet losses are related to non-congestion loss. Especially RTO imposes a great performance degradation of TCP. In this paper, we analyze the loss recovery probabilities based on previous researches, and use simulation results of our algorithm to show that it prevents performance degradation by quickly detecting and recovery losses without RTO during fast recovery.