• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.169-186
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• 2005

This paper investigates how In-store crowding influences behavioral intention with mediating consumer emotion within store. We performed covariance structural analysis based on 486 subjects on family restaurants. The results showed that perceived In-store crowding negatively influences positive-customer emotion and positively influences negative-customer emotion. In addition, In-store crowding on intention to behavior channeled through consumer emotion. Finally, we discuss the results of analysis and suggest research limitation and future study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.965-972
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• 2014

Attitudes and behavior within the store congestion of the store is a store in any manner affect the formation process of investigating synchronism in the control of the consumer appears to analyze the influence of enemy has its purpose. Store and spatial congestion factor of social behavioral factors also revisit the help of word-of-mouth is. Consumer groups with high and low groups of synchronism suggested. Social attitudes towards the store congestion significantly positive effect that I've shown, it was not significant spatial congestion. During a revisit of action is a statistically significant relationship that I've shown, is a significant effect of word-of-mouth relationship was not significant. Investigating the moderating effects of consumer synchronism result of high consumer groups a significant impact on the social congestion showed, at low spatial influence congestion.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.231-243
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine and compare the perceived number of users (PNU) and evaluative standards for each type of visitors to "Healing Field" of Jangseong Pyunbaek Healing Forest (JPHF). Data were collected from 158 samples selected by convenient sampling method from the users of "Healing Field" in JPHF during September 2017. Visitors to "Healing Field" consisted of 49.3% for recreation (VR), 15.3% for healing (VH), and 35.3% for both recreation and healing (VRH). Respondents' average PNU was 23.8 (median: 20.0), and the range of average PNU by visitor type was 21.1-27.8 (median: 20.0). Respondents' PNU showed low correlations with perceived crowding (PC) (r=0.23) and perceived interference of healing experience (PIHE) (r=0.20). There were no differences in the optimal number of users (ONU) of "Healing Field" among the types of visitors. The overall average ONU was 28.9(median: 25.0), and the range of average ONU by types of visitors was 25.4-31.4 (median: 25.0-27.5). The overall maximum acceptable number of users (MANU) was 38.1, and MANU for VR, VH, and VRH was 36.9, 32.0, and 38.0, respectively. Respondents' mean PC was 2.73 (SD: 3.26, 9-point scale) while mean PIHE was 3.26 (SD: 1.77, 9-point scale). The VRH group showed a higher PC and PIHE than the VR group. The group with greater PNU than ONU showed higher PC and PIHE than the other groups. Based on the results, this paper presented some managerial implications, discussed the limitations of the study, and suggested the further studies.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

Purpose: In the post-COVID-19, many consumers still feel uncomfortable with crowding in closed spaces. This study investigates how non-crowding affects consumer satisfaction and restaurant visit intention. Research design, data, and methodology: The data were collected from 350 people aged 20 and above. A total of 347 respondents, excluding 3 unfaithful respondents, were analyzed using Smart PLS 4.0 program. Result: Both spatial and human crowding have significant effects on satisfaction. On the other hand, neither spatial nor human crowding directly affected dine-out intention significantly. In addition, spatial crowding was found to have a direct and significant effect on in-store dining intention, but human crowding did not have a direct and significant effect on in-store dining intention. It was found that satisfaction had a significant effect on both dine-out intention and in-store dining intension. Conclusions: This study has expanded the range of consumer behavioral intentions by applying a non-crowded environment (S) to the SOR theory. Also, Consumer behavioral intention was expanded by dividing visit intention into a dine-out and in-store dining intention. Therefore, we propose measures to minimize human crowding by introducing a system such as adjustment of store operating hours, reservation system, store opening time alarm system, and reduction of cooking time.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2005

The primary concerns of recreation plan are to provide visitors with quality of recreational experience and to protect of recreation resources. The quality of recreational experience is often defined in terms of social carrying capacity. The carrying capacity is revealed as perceived crowding. In this respects, measuring perceived crowding is useful tool of social carrying capacity determination. This study is to test the structural equation model that includes variables affecting perceived crowding. Through an on-site questionnaire survey, 467 visitors on Naejangsan national park were collected. The results of the study are follows. The encounter level on facility area is higher evaluated as crowding factor than other area in the park. It can be concluded that visitor perceived crowding when facility area situates high density use level rather than other areas expose high density use level. In the path analysis, the input variables(attitude, experience, encounter level) on the structural equation model affect significantly on perceived crowding. Especially, the attitude on the park management polocy is the most affecting factor on perceived crowding.