• Title/Summary/Keyword: 호흡 주기

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Treatment of Tracheal Stenosis Using Silicone T-tube (기관협착증에 대한 Silicone T-tube의 치료경험)

  • 이종원;정종진;조용범
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1981.05a
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    • pp.4.3-5
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    • 1981
  • The Silicone tracheal T-tube was designed to maintain an adequate tracheal airway as well as to provide support in the stenotic reconstituted or reconstructed trachea. This report is our experiences with using silicone T-tube which were successfully used to two cases with extensive laryngotracheal trauma, and one case with decannulation difficulty for 9 months. Authors strongly believe that silicone T-tube is an excellent device out of consideration for our experienced cases, though many techniques have been applied for the treatments of tracheal problems.

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A Parametric Imaging Technique for Characterizing Focal Liver Lesions in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (간 병변 분석을 위한 조영증강 초음파 데이터의 영상화기법)

  • Park, So-Jeong;Sung, Myung-Chul;Lee, Seung-Kang;Kim, Ho-Joon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2012.11a
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    • pp.369-372
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    • 2012
  • 조영증강 의료 초음파 영상에서 조영제의 확산효과에 대한 분석은 간질환과 연관된 각종 병변을 검출하고 분석하는 과정에서 매우 유용한 정보를 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 초음파 영상에서 조영제의 확산 패턴을 분석하고 이를 영상화하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 과정에서 부수적으로 호흡에 의한 흔들림 현상을 보정하고 노이즈의 영향을 극복할 수 있는 방법론을 고찰한다. 호흡주기에 따른 모멘텀 요소를 고려한 ROI 추적 기법은 측정과정에서의 흔들림과 노이즈에 의한 오류를 최소화 할 수 있게 한다. 조영제의 확산 단계에 따라 서로 다른 노이즈 비율을 고려하여 동적 가중치를 할당하는 방법으로써 흔들림을 보정하였으며, 조영제의 전이 시간과 패턴을 분석하고 그 특성을 분류함으로써 간 병변 분석을 위한 효과적인 영상화기법을 구현하였다. 또한 생성된 영상에서 노이즈를 제거하고 영상을 개선하는 방법으로서 MRF 기반의 최적화 알고리즘을 적용하는 영상 개선 기법을 제시한다.

Evaluation of difference in respiratory phase between amplitude- and phase-based four-dimensional computed tomography (위상 기반 사차원전산화단층촬영과 진폭 기반 사차원전산화단층촬영 영상에서의 위상차 평가)

  • Lee, So Hyang;Park, Soo Yeon;Kim, Jong Sik;Choi, Byung Ki;Park, Hee Chul;Jung, Sang Hoon
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2015
  • Purpose : Under the assumption of change to the amplitude based sorting, the study will use four dimensional computed tomography imaging (4DCT) arrayed using the phase based sorting to analyze the respiratory phase difference. Materials and Methods : The study analyzed the 4DCT (4-dimensional computed tomography) images of 10 liver cancer patients that were treated with respiratory gated radiotherapy from 2015 February to March. Using RPM respiratory gating (RPM 1.7.5, Varian, USA) equipment, imaging according to respiratory cycle of phase based sorting was acquired and using a treatment planning system (Pinnacle 9.2, Philips, USA) the acquired imaging according to respiratory cycle was used to measure the abdominal movement value by respiratory cycle. The measuring point was the point where the center point of the Marker Block and the body surface met in the 50% phase image and here the coordinate values Lateral, Vertical, Longitudinal (X, Y, Z) were set as reference points, and on the X, Z plane identical to the reference point, using the identical method the Y axis coordinate value of each 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80% phase images were acquired to quantitatively measure the variation of distance to the Y axis. The abdominal movement value according to respiration was applied to the theoretical model that the value decreases linearly from maximum inhalation to maximum exhalation to divide the variation of my value to predict as amplitude value by respiratory cycle and conversely the variation in amplitude was recalculated with the phase variation deviation value to analyze. Results : The deviation value between expected value and actual location was the largest in the 30% phase with 0.24 cm, and standard deviation was also the largest in 30% phase with 0.13 cm. The effective value of the deviation value derived from the average of the deviation squared value of each patient appeared as minimum 0.7 cm, maximum 0.18 cm, average 0.12 cm, and standard deviation 0.4 cm. Also by dividing the actual movement distance value with the peak expiration value then converting it into %Phase, the deviation value with actual phase 16.5% in 30% phase, 10.0% and 40% phase, 10.0% and 60% phase, 15.4% and 80% phase, and overall average about 13%, and arraying based on amplitude, phase shift occurred and further it was from peak expiration the chance of deviation occurrence was increasingly measured. Conclusion : Based on the results of the study there were differences between value acquired based on theoretical model and actual value. Therefore in respiratory gated radiotherapy using external surrogates, there needs to be establishment of respiration gated radiation system that avoids the combination of two Sorting methods considering that there will be occurrence of treatment and corresponding clinical differences due to the phase difference that occur due to the Amplitude based Phase Sorting.

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The Changes of Breathing Pattern Observed During Maximal Exercise Testing in the Patients with Chronic Airflow Obstruction : the Correlation Between the Change of Inspiratory Duty Cycle and the Degree of Airflow Obstruction (만성기도폐쇄 환자에서 최대운동부하시 관찰되는 호흡양상 - 기도폐쇄정도와 흡기책임비율변화 사이의 상관관계 -)

  • Lee, Kye-Young;Jee, Young-Koo;Kim, Keun-Youl
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.574-582
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    • 1997
  • Background : Normal humans meet the increased ventilatory need during exercise initially by the increase of tidal volume (TV) and later by the increase of respiratory frequency (Rf). And the inspiratory duty cycle (Ti/Ttot) is also increased more than 50% for the compensation of the decrease of respiratory cycle provoked by the increase of respiratory frequency. The patients with chronic airflow obstruction show rapid and shallow breathing pattern during exercise because of the decreased ventilatory capacity and the increased dead space ventilation. However, the studies about the change of inspiratory duty cycle are only a few and there is no literature about the relationship between the change of inspiratory duty cycle and the degree of airflow obstruction. Methods : The subjects were the twelve patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) and ten normal people. The incremental exercise test was done. The increase of work load was 10 W in CAO group and 25 W in normal control group. The analysis of the results was done by the comparison of the parameters such as minute ventilation (VE), TV, Rf, physiologic dead space (Vd/Vt), and inspiratory duty cycle between the two groups. Each parameters were compared after transformation into % control duration base that means dividing the total exercise time into five fractions and % control duration data were obtained at rest, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and max. Statistical analysis was done by repeated measure ANOVA using SAS program. Results : The changes of VE and TV were significantly different between two groups while the change of Rf was not significant. The decrease of Vd/Vt was significantly low in CAO group. Ti/Ttot was markedly increased from 38.4 + 3.0% at rest to 48.6 + 4.5% at max in normal control group while Ti/Ttot showed little change from 40.5 + 2.2% at rest to 42.6 + 3.5% at max. And the change of inspiratory duty cycle showed highly good correlation with the degree of airflow obstruction (FEV1%). (r=0.8151, p < 0.05). Conclusions : The increase of Ti/Ttot during exercise observed in normal humans is absent in the patients with CAO and the change of Ti/Ttot is well correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction.

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Vital Sign Sensor Based on Second Harmonic Frequency Drift of Oscillator (발진기의 2채배 고조파 주파수 천이를 이용한 생체신호 측정센서)

  • Ku, Ki-Young;Hong, Yunseog;Lee, Hee-Jo;Yun, Gi-Ho;Yook, Jong-Gwan;Kim, Kang-Wook
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.299-306
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, a vital sign sensor based on impedance variation of resonator is proposed to detect the respiration and heartbeat signals within near-field range as a function of the separation distance between resonator and subject. The sensor consists of an oscillator with a built-in planar type patch resonator, a diplexer for only pass the second harmonic frequency, amplifier, SAW filter, and RF detector. The cardiac activity of a subject such as respiration and heartbeat causes the variation of the oscillation frequency corresponding impedance variation of the resonator within near-field range. The combination of the second harmonic oscillation frequency deviation and the superior skirt frequency of the SAW filter enables the proposed sensor to extend twice detection range. The experimental results reveal that the proposed sensor placed 40 mm away from a subject can reliably detect respiration and heartbeat signals.

Estimation of Dissolved Oxygen in Streams using Reaeration, 1st Production and Respiration Rates (재포기 계수, 1차 생산율 및 호흡률을 이용한 하천의 용존산소 추정)

  • Kim, Kyung-Sub;Hwang, Sung-Gyu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.428-433
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    • 2009
  • Dissolved oxygen is considered as one of the important water-quality constituents in streams from one century ago and fishes perish in low dissolved oxygen concentration. Environmental scientists and engineers have introduced the deterministic model to estimate dissolved oxygen concentration of streams and recommended the use of the Delta Method (DM), Approximate Delta Method (ADM), Extreme Value Method (EVM) and Optimization Method (OPT) which can be applied in no spatial variation of dissolved oxygen. The diurnal or annual variation of dissolved oxygen is mainly determined from the parameters such as reaeration rate, 1st production rate and respiration rate which are related to dissolved oxygen. Each method was briefly introduced and applied to two sampling sites of Anseong Stream watershed in this paper. The limitation, advantages and disadvantages of each method were reviewed and analyzed after running the each method. From these analyses, the benefit-cost approach to estimate dissolved oxygen effectively in streams was recommended.

A Case of Manic and Hypomanic Episodes After the Use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) (CPAP 사용으로 유발된 조증 삽화 1예)

  • Na, Hae-Ran;Kang, Eun-Ho;Yu, Bum-Hee
    • Anxiety and mood
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.157-159
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    • 2008
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been known as a safe and effective therapy for the patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Previous studies on CPAP treatment have often reported significant improvement in mood state in those patients. However, there are very few reports on its potential to induce manic or hypomanic episode in the patients with OSA. We report a case of 34-year-old patient with OSA who developed manic and hypomanic episodes consecutively after CPAP treatment with facial mask. We suggest that CPAP treatment could induce a manic or hypomanic episode in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

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A Fusion Study on the Selection of Cyberknife Technique according to the Location of the Pulmonary Tumors (폐종양의 위치에 따른 사이버나이프 기법의 선택에 관한 융합적 연구)

  • Kim, Gab-Jung;Kim, Jeong-Ho;Bae, Seok-Hwan;Kim, Nak-Sang;Seo, Sun-Yeol
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.10 no.7
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 2019
  • Depending on the location of the lung tumor, the choice of treatment technique should be considered when treating the Cyberknife. The 4DCT images of 18 lung cancer patients were analyzed, and location error values were extracted through application program. The evaluation result was lower than the average position error only in the upper and the inner. These results suggest that the Vertebral tracking technique is effective when it is close to the pulmonary attachment or near the vertebral body, and the Synchrony technique is effective at other positions. In the future, we would like to study cyber knife treatment technique according to the position of the tumor as well as the volume of the lung and the respiratory cycle.

A Feasibility Study on the Prediction of the Target in the Lung from the Skin Motion - Animal Study (피부의 움직임을 이용한 표적의 위치 추정에 관한 가능성 연구 - 동물 실험)

  • 서예린;이병용;신승애;김종훈;안승도;이상욱;최은경
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.163-168
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    • 2002
  • As for planning the radiation therapy for the tumor in the lung, inferring the motion of the organ or target due to the respiration from the motion of the skin was performed as the feasibility study with the animal. The dog weighed 20 kg was chosen for the experiment. The system, which can use the fluoroscopy and the CCD camera synchronously, was designed. With a radio-opaque marker on the skin of the dog, which indicates the lower lobe of the lung, the images of the motions for the lung were recorded in the A/P (anterior-to-posterior) and lateral view. At the same time, the images of the skin motions from CCD camera were also recorded. Skin moves periodically with the amplitude of 6 mm and the target in the lung made almost the same frequencies during its motion's amplitude of 15 mm and its direction change with the respiration. Therefore analyzed results showed strong correlation between the skin motion and the organ motion on the average of 0.85. This study indicated that the prediction of a target position in the lung, which is moving organ, is possible. For the animal study, predicting the exact target motion from the skin motion was possible and it can have the feasibility to apply to the patient clinically.

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An accuracy analysis of Cyberknife tumor tracking radiotherapy according to unpredictable change of respiration (예측 불가능한 호흡 변화에 따른 사이버나이프 종양 추적 방사선 치료의 정확도 분석)

  • Seo, jung min;Lee, chang yeol;Huh, hyun do;Kim, wan sun
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 2015
  • Purpose : Cyber-Knife tumor tracking system, based on the correlation relationship between the position of a tumor which moves in response to the real time respiratory cycle signal and respiration was obtained by the LED marker attached to the outside of the patient, the location of the tumor to predict in advance, the movement of the tumor in synchronization with the therapeutic device to track real-time tumor, is a system for treating. The purpose of this study, in the cyber knife tumor tracking radiation therapy, trying to evaluate the accuracy of tumor tracking radiation therapy system due to the change in the form of unpredictable sudden breathing due to cough and sleep. Materials and Methods : Breathing Log files that were used in the study, based on the Respiratory gating radiotherapy and Cyber-knife tracking radiosurgery breathing Log files of patients who received herein, measured using the Log files in the form of a Sinusoidal pattern and Sudden change pattern. it has been reconstituted as possible. Enter the reconstructed respiratory Log file cyber knife dynamic chest Phantom, so that it is possible to implement a motion due to respiration, add manufacturing the driving apparatus of the existing dynamic chest Phantom, Phantom the form of respiration we have developed a program that can be applied to. Movement of the phantom inside the target (Ball cube target) was driven by the displacement of three sizes of according to the size of the respiratory vertical (Superior-Inferior) direction to the 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm. Insert crosses two EBT3 films in phantom inside the target in response to changes in the target movement, the End-to-End (E2E) test provided in Cyber-Knife manufacturer depending on the form of the breathing five times each. It was determined by carrying. Accuracy of tumor tracking system is indicated by the target error by analyzing the inserted film, additional E2E test is analyzed by measuring the correlation error while being advanced. Results : If the target error is a sine curve breathing form, the size of the target of the movement is in response to the 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, respectively, of the average $1.14{\pm}0.13mm$, $1.05{\pm}0.20mm$, with $2.37{\pm}0.17mm$, suddenly for it is variations in breathing, respective average $1.87{\pm}0.19mm$, $2.15{\pm}0.21mm$, and analyzed with $2.44{\pm}0.26mm$. If the correlation error can be defined by the length of the displacement vector in the target track is a sinusoidal breathing mode, the size of the target of the movement in response to 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, respective average $0.84{\pm}0.01mm$, $0.70{\pm}0.13mm$, with $1.63{\pm}0.10mm$, if it is a variant of sudden breathing respective average $0.97{\pm}0.06mm$, $1.44{\pm}0.11mm$, and analyzed with $1.98{\pm}0.10mm$. The larger the correlation error values in both the both the respiratory form, the target error value is large. If the motion size of the target of the sine curve breathing form is greater than or equal to 20 mm, was measured at 1.5 mm or more is a recommendation value of both cyber knife manufacturer of both error value. Conclusion : There is a tendency that the correlation error value between about target error value magnitude of the target motion is large is increased, the error value becomes large in variation of rapid respiration than breathing the form of a sine curve. The more the shape of the breathing large movements regular shape of sine curves target accuracy of the tumor tracking system can be judged to be reduced. Using the algorithm of Cyber-Knife tumor tracking system, when there is a change in the sudden unpredictable respiratory due patient coughing during treatment enforcement is to stop the treatment, it is assumed to carry out the internal target validation process again, it is necessary to readjust the form of respiration. Patients under treatment is determined to be able to improve the treatment of accuracy to induce the observed form of regular breathing and put like to see the goggles monitor capable of the respiratory form of the person.

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