• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.473-484
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• 2015

Geophysical exploration using electric resistivity, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and impedance high-frequency (ZHF) surveys was conducted in Gujwa-eup, Jeju City, Jeju Island, an island in the Korea Strait, to confirm the existence of new caves near known caves. The exploration revealed a number of anomaly zones, presumed to be caves; 27 sites at suitable locations and depth ranges were selected for drilling and further surveys. However, contrary to predictions, most of the anomaly zones were clinker layers or paleosols intercalated with lavas. Only five boreholes intersected caves. The clinker layers and paleosols were possibly detected as anomalies owing to their different physical properties from the other rocks. Two of the five cave-finding boreholes penetrated Yongcheon Cave; a new cave was found at the other. The two boreholes that penetrated Yongcheon Cave were drilled in areas where the cave has not been previously reported, and thus helped correct an error in the cave distribution map. The cave newly discovered in this boring exploration is 180 m long, and it is connected to the upstream part of Dangcheomul Cave (110 m). The cave contains well-developed lava helictites, lava levees, and ropy structures; carbonate speleothems such as soda straws, stalagmites, columns, and curtain shawls are also well preserved. Notably, the unique shape of the carbonate speleothems is attributed to their growth in relation to the cavern water that flowed into the cave along plant roots.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.459-470
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• 2008

Types of slope failure related to cut slope stability are interpreted through case analyses, and also factors affecting structurally controlled instability investigated, which are developed by geologic structures along a national road No. 25 across the Cheongwon and Boeun-Guns, Chungbuk. Engineering properties such as orientation, persistence, roughness and uniaxial compressive strength of joints are analyzed by square-inventory method in three areas with well-preserved outcrops. The study area is located in Ogcheon folded bet, and are composed of quartz-schist and quartzite in the Midongsan Formation and phyllite in the Ungyori Formation. Flexural beds by folding, schistosity and cleavage besides joints are developed due to slight metamorphism. Various types of joints developed by folding are formed such as strike-parallel, strike-perpendicular, wedge and wrench joint sets by both initially regional and later superposed folding. Factors of slope instability are created by crossing the orientations of joint, cleavage, bedding and slope one another. In the case that the orientation of a slope is coincident with one of beds, factors causing large-scale failure including plane failure are increased greatly. Also in the region that orientations of the slope and bed are crossed each other at high angle, only local and minor failures are shown in the slope.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1980

In 1976, a newly released rice variety, Yushin, was planted in 300,000 ha of the 533,000 ha of cultivated total hecterage with new rice varieties. High productivity and quality were achieved by farmers around country. However, the wilting phenomena of Yushin occured in some regions where were employed poor cultural management, and flowed sewage into the paddy field from industrial factories. This study was identified some factors for the wilting phenomena of Yushin rice variety in morphological and physiological aspects. The Yushin variety showed greater internode elongation on low part of the stems that close related to lodge at heavier nitrogen levels, excessive number of spikelets per unit leaf blade weight i.e. higher sink/source ratio, and greater consumption of respiratory substrate by increased respiration rate of rice plant as compared with those of Tongil rice variety. In physilogical aspects, the Yushin variety was significantly declined root development and root activities under heavy nitrogen conditions. Yushin rice variety was decreased $K_2$O/N ratio, carbohydrate content in stem of rice plant, and physiological root activities specially in low light intensity, 50% light interception plots. Therefore, above factors were mainly promoted the wilting phenomena of Yushin rice variety.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.157-160
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• 2003

해마다 늘고 있는 토사유출희 인한 피해는 자연재해의 측면에서 매우 중요한 과제로 다루어지고 있으며, 토사유출에 의한 환경피해를 최소화하기 위해 토양유실량의 산정에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 사면에서의 토양유실량 산정방법 및 산정된 결과에 대한 검증 역시 현실적으로 매우 어렵기 때문에 일반적으로 국내에서는 토양유실량산정을 위해 범용토양유실공식(Universal soil loss equation)을 사용하고 있다. 범용토양유실공식(USEL)은 실험적 근거가 미비한 국내실정에서 일반적으로 활용되고 있기 때문에 공식의 적용에 대한 다양한 실험적 연구가 필요하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 남한강 유역 여주-이포 구간을 대상으로 2002년 6월부터 2002년 10월까지 수행된 자연 상태에서의 토양침식실험과 실험지역의 USLE의 적용을 검토하였다. 토양침식실험을 통하여 산정된 침식율과 범용토양유실공식의 결과를 비교하였으며 USLE의 인자에 따른 토양유실량 산정 결과의 변화를 검토하고자 하였다. 남한강 유역에서의 토양침식 실험결과 자연 상태에서 연간토양유실량은 평균 12.54ton/acre/year이었으며, 최소 0.1ton/acre/year, 최대 34.06ton/acre/year로 나타났다. USLE에 의해 계산된 연간토양유실량은 17.15ton/acre/year로서 실험결과와는 많은 차이가 있었다. 이러한 차이는 토양유실량 산정에 필요한 다양한 조건을 정량화하는 과정에서 발생하는 것으로, USLE식에 활용되는 인자의 적용방법에 따라 커다란 차이를 보였다. 따라서 USLE에 의해 산정된 결과를 사용하기 위해서는 다양한 조건에 대한 검토가 이루어져야하며 USLE 산정에 관한 지속적인 실험적 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다. 증가할 것이다. 또한 부분육을 이용한 완전제품, 적색육제품, 유기농이나 별미식 제품과 같은 형태의 다양한 포장육 제품이 도입 될 것으로 생각되어진다.e in vitro SPF test method will be able to be used as an alternative method for in vivo SPF in case of lotion and cream. replica. A statistically significant improvement of Star Fruit Leaf Extract BG30-treated site was seen in decreased wrinkles. Star Fruit Leaf Extract BG30 results in clinically visible improvement in wrinkling when used topically for 5 weeks. 또한 관계마케팅, CRM 등의 이론적 배경이 되고 있는 신뢰와 결속의 중요성이 재확인하는 결과도 의의라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 신뢰는 양사 간의 상호관계에서 조성될 수 있는 특성을 가진 반면, 결속은 계약관계 초기단계에서 성문화하고 규정화 할 수 있는 변수의 성격이 강하다고 할 수가 있다. 본 연구는 복잡한 기업간 관계를 지나치게 협력적 측면에서만 규명했기 때문에 많은 측면을 간과할 가능성이 있다. 또한 방법론적으로 일방향의 시각만을 고려했고, 횡단적 조사를 통하고 국내의 한 서비스제공업체와 관련이 있는 컨텐츠 공급파트너만의 시각을 검증했기 때문에 해석에서 유의할 필요가 있다. 또한 타당성확보 노력을 기하였지만 측정도구 면에서 엄격한 개발과정을 준수하지는 못했다. 향후에는 모바일 컨텐츠 파트너의 기업의 특성을 조사하여 관계성 변수와의

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

The 99.1% of small dam and most of the levees in Korea are soil dam which can be constructed with lower cost and less effort compared with ones made of concrete. However, they are so vulnerable to overflow. Sudden collapses of these strucrues lead to increase flow rate rapidly, which may cause catastrophic problems in downstream regions. In this study, the experimental study on the collapse delay effect of riprap that was laid on slope of soil levee was carried out. A prismatic rectangular open channel was used and three different sizes of the riprap were installed on slope of a scaled earth dam. A new formula for the collapse time of the levee with the installation of riprap was presented, using the previous researches and the dimensional analysis. In this process, an unsteady flow condition was considered to derive the deviation time of the riprap. And additional experiments were conducted to understand the effect of reinforcement of riprap, and it was found that the reinforcement of riprap was more effective than twice sizing of intial riprap. If the collapse time is delayed, EAP (Emergency Action Plan) and forecasting can greatly reduce the degree of flood damage. Also, it will be meaningful that the results of this study are used for river design.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyse and interpret the way of differentiated expression and changing creative trend following 5-day workweek which has been recently adopted. For this aim 11 pieces of distinctive advertising text were analysed. The criteria for selection of analysing text were relativeness with 5-day workweek and cognitive inconsistency. These texts were negative phrases, exaggerated expression, and excessively humorous appeals. The study revealed the followings: First, 5-day workweek concerned advertising texts were considered as high attention getting and successful in stimulating advertising audiences' curiosity by using the elements opposing the value and belief system formed in the existing audience. Second, consumption-driving lifestyle was found in most expressions for credit cards advertising. Third, hedonic need-oriented lifestyle was typical in young consumer products category. Fourth, family centered lifestyle emphasized meaning of rest and solidarity of family.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2004

Assesment of 30 nutritional minerals and 8 toxic elements in hair are very important not only for determining adequacy, deficiencies and unbalance, but also for assessing their relative relationships in the body. A test has been developed that serves this purpose exceedingly well. This test is known as tissue mineral analysis(TMA). TMA is very popular method in hair mineral analysis for health care professionals in over 46 countries' medical center. However, there are some problems. First, they do not have database which is suitable for korean to do analyze. Second, as the TMA results from TEI-USA is composed of english documents and graphic files prohibited to open, its usability is very low. Third, some of them has low level database which is related to TMA, so hairs are sent to TEI-USA for analyzing and medical services. it bring about an severe outflow of dollars. Finally, TMA results are based on the database of american health and mineral standards, it is possibly mislead korean mineral standards. The purposes of this research is to develope the first Intelligent Medical Expert System(IMES) of TMA, in Korea, which makes clear the problems mentioned earlier IMES can analyze the tissue mineral data with multiple stage decision tree classifier. It is also constructed with multiple fuzzy rule base and hence analyze the complex data from Korean database by fuzzy inference methods. Pilot test of this systems are increased of business efficiency and business satisfaction 86% and 92% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

This study targets flower-viewing sites appearing in "Kyungdojapji" and talks about the seasonal customs and tourist attractions of the later Chosun; Pilundae, Bukdun, Outside of Dongdaemun, Cheonyunjeong and near Seodaemun etc. Through related poetry, paintings and maps, it looks into what scenic elements each attraction was made of and how the elements were felt by visitors. It sub-divided and analyzed scenic features into objective objects, subjective emotions and experienced behaviors. As a result, representative objective objects were flowers and there were also scenes where people enjoyed poem-writing meetings along with drinking-related physical elements such as liquor, liquor glasses, liquor bottles etc. Through drawing out scenes, where users gave meaning to objective objects, it tried to interpret what space meant to them, through which the meaning of flower-viewing attractions is first and foremost a space to enjoy artistic taste. Each space is used as the center of cultural creation such as literary people gathering, viewing flowers, drinking and having poetry-writing meetings. Second, as shown in scenes viewers depicted in each space, visitors were confirmed to enjoy scenes through multi-sensory appreciation. By this, flower-viewing attractions were confirmed to be not just flower-viewing but also venues of sensory experience. This study, which drew out the scenic features of traditional flower-viewing attractions, is expected to be basic material in tracing the flower-viewing enjoyed by our ancestors as a pastime and its spatial meaning and in planning Korea-unique flower-viewing attractions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

A single plate connection(SPC) consists of a plate welded to the columns and bolts connected to the beam web. The SPC is widely used for a simple shear connection of steel structure because it is easy-to-fabricated, easy-to-installed and economical. The conventional SPC is used for 2 to 12 bolts in a single vertical row. It is designed to limit the plate thickness by bolt diameter to obtain flexible and ductile connections. The design strength for eccentric shear shall be the lesser of the shear strength of bolts or bearing strength of plate and when the design strength is decided by edge distance failure, the results can be very conservative. Although the research on special solution for 'weak-plate/strong-bolt' model with 2 to 4 bolts has been conducted by L. S. Muir, and W. A. Thonton, 2004, study on generalized design procedures did not conduct. This study proposed design procedure for evaluation of the design strength of eccentric shear bolt groups on a single plate connection based on the actual edge distance and the direction of bolt reaction forces by using elastic vector method(EVM) and instantaneous center of rotation method(ICM).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.380-387
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• 1998

We evaluated CT findings of bronchial carcinoid and accuracy of preoperative pathological diagnosis according to two subtypes. The subjects were 10 cases(typical;5, atypical;5), confirmed by surgery and tissue pathology. Sputum cytology(n=10), percutaneous aspiration(n=1) and bronchoscopic biopsy (n=8) were performed, preoperatively. The CT findings were analysed according to two subtypes. Typical carcinoid shows central location in all, and bronchial lumens just proximal to tumor were widened in two, whereas atypical carcinoid presented as peripheral leison in two. Among central atypical carcinoid, two cases showed flat meniscus appearance of lumen. Remaining one showed diffuse wall thickening. Intratumoral low density by necrosis was noted in one. Both subtypes show contrast enhancement. For preoperative diagnosis, sputum cytology & percutaneous aspiration were not conclusive at all. As for bronchoscopic biopsy, only 3 cases were accurately diagnosed as typical carcinoid. Typical carcinoid presented as endobronchial mass in all, whereas atypical carcinoid presented in various appearance. In all atypical & some typical carcinoid were misdiagnosed as primary lung cancer, preoperatively. However, in typical carcinoid, conservative surgery was possible. In conclusion, if there is discrepancy between CT findings & preoperative pathological diagnosis, full understanding of CT findings of bronchial carcinoid is imperative to choose appropriate surgical modality.