• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.343-346
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• 2010

형상기억합금이 삽입된 복합체는 힌지나 추가적 작동기 없이 그 자체로서 지능 구조의 역할을 할 수 있어 많은 분야에서 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 형상기억합금(Shape Memory Alloy) 선이 삽입된 $\cap$자형 복합재를 제안하고, 형상기억합금과 모재가 정해진 경우의 곡률 변화에 영향을 주는 주요 설계 변수를 복합재의 너비, 두께, 형상기억합금의 편심률을 설계변수로 가정하고 유한요소 해석과 패널 제작 및 실험을 통해 검증한다. 먼저 라고다스(Lagoudas)모델을 형상기억합금의 구성방정식으로 이용한 유한요소해석모델을 구성하여 수치해석을 수행하고, 11 종류의 형상기억합금 선이 삽입된 유리섬유강화복합재(Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) 패널을 제작하여 열하중에 따른 곡률변화를 관찰한다. 해석결과와 실험결과의 비교를 통해 해석모델의 타당성을 검증하며, 해석을 통해 각 설계 변수들의 곡률변화에 대한 영향을 파악한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.916-921
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• 2001

형상기억합금 선(Shape Memory Alloy Fibers ： SMA Fibers)을 삽입한 복합재료 평판의 고온 환경에서의 열적 좌굴 및 진동 해석을 유한요소법을 이용하여 수행하였다 1 차 전단변형이론을 적용하여 적층판을 모델링하였고, 온도 변화 효과는 적층판의 전 영역에서 균일한 온도 분포로 가정하였다. 형상기억합금 선의 온도에 대한 비선형 재료 성질을 고려하여 열적 좌굴 해석 수행 시 반복 계산법을 이용하였고, 자유 진동 해석에서는 시스템의 자유도를 줄이기 위하여 Guyan-Reduction(CR)을 사용하였다. 온도 변화와 형상기억합금 선의 체적비(volume fraction) 및 초기 변형률(initial strain) 변화에 따른 임계 온도와 고유 진동수의 특성을 해석하였다.

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.18-24
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• 2004

In this paper, active shape control of composite structures actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is presented. The thermo-mechanical behaviors of SMA wires were experimentally measured. Hybrid composite structures were established by attaching SMA actuators on the surfaces of graphite/epoxy composite beams using bolt-joint connectors. SMA actuators were activated by phase transformation, which induced by temperature rising over austenite finish temperature. In this paper, electrical resistive heating was applied to the hybrid composite structures to activate the SMA actuators. For (aster and more accurate shape/deflection control of the hybrid composite structure, PID feedback controller was designed from numerical simulations and experimentally applied to the SMA actuators.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.453-456
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• 2009

Impact resistance of shape memory alloy hybrid composite(SMAHC) plates were experimentally investigated. Shape memory alloy(SMA) have large failure strain and failure stress and can absorb large strain energies through phase transformation. SMA wires were embedded in composite plates to improve their weak impact resistance. Tensile tests of SMA wires were performed at various temperature to investigate their thermo-mechanical properties. Low-Velocity impact tests of several types of composite plates with SMA/Al/Fe were performed. Embedding SMA wires was most effective to improve impact resistance of composite plates. The effects of SMA position on impact resistance were also investigated.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 1998

Shape Memory Alloy(SMA) has been used in many engineering fields because of its good characteristics of actuator. For example, SMA wire can be embedded easily in the polymer composite laminate and then be used as actuator for structural control. Since the strain have a significant influence on the electrical resistance of SMA wire, It is a possible to use the SMA wire as a sensor of such physical quantities. In this study, the possibility for the application of Ni-Ti SMA wire as a sensor embedded within a composite laminate is investigated.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2012

The recovery force and displacement occur due to the phase transformation from the martensite phase to the austenite phase induced by the mechanical loading or thermal loading. These recovery force and displacement depend on an initial geometrical configuration of SMAs and loading conditions. Although the SMAs generally generates large recovery forces, the sufficient recovery displacement cannot be expected without a proper design strategy. The functionality of SMAs is limited due to the unbalance between the large recovery force and the small recovery displacement. This study suggests the double coil SMA spring in order to amplifying the recovery displacement induced by the phase transformation. By predicting the recovery displacement of doble coil SMA springs and one coil SMA springs induced by thermal loading, we show that the double coil SMA spring not only mitigate the unbalance of performance but also have a large recovery displacement for its recovery force than one coil SMA spring.

• Composites Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.55-65
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• 1999

In this paper, the thermal buckling and postbuckling behaviour of composite beam with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are investigated experimentally and analytically. The results of thermal buckling tests on uniformly heated, clamped, composite beam embedded with SMA wire actuators are presented and discussed in consideration of geometric imperfections, slenderness ratio of beam and embedding position of SMA wire actuators. The shape recovery force can reduce the thermal expansion of composite laminated beam, which result in increment of the critical buckling temperature and reduction of the lateral deflection of postbuckling behaviours. It is presented quantitatively on the temperature-load-deflection behaviour records how the shape recovery force affects the thermal buckling. The cross tangential method is suggested to calculate the critical buckling temperature on the temperature-deflection plot. Based on the experimental analysis, the new formula is also proposed to describe the critical buckling temperature of a laminated composite beam with embedded SMA wire actuators.

• Composites Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.38-45
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• 2005

Phase transformation behaviors and crystal structures of Nitinol shape memory alloy $(54.5Ni-45.5Tiwt\%)$ are investigated by varying annealing heat treatment conditions through DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Annealing heat treatment conditions were considered as heat treated times of 5min, 15min. 30m1n, and 45min, as well as heat treated temperatures of $400^{\circ}C,\;500^{\circ}C,\;525^{\circ}C,\;550^{\circ}C,\;575^{\circ}C,\;600^{\circ}C,\;700^{\circ}C,\;800^{\circ}C,\;and\;900^{\circ}C$ According to the results, annealing heat treatment conditions such as heat treated times and heat treated temperatures were found to affect significantly on phase transformation behaviors and crystal structures of Nitinol shape memory alloy.

• Composites Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 1999

In this paper, an experimental study on the buckling and postbuckling control of a laminated composite beam with eccentrically embedded SMA wire actuators is performed. For the purpose of enhancing the critical buckling load, buckling control is investigated through the use of reactive moment associated with the shape recovery force of SMA wire actuators. To improve the control authority for the buckling and postbuckling control of the SMA-composite beam, closed-loop control is used. The buckling and postbuckling control behaviours are presented and discussed qualitatively and quantitatively on loaddeflection plots considering the stacking sequence of the laminate, slenderness ratio of the beam and activation conditions of the SMA wire actuators. By maintaining the desired deflection shape with the proper reactive moment, buckling control can be extended to the postbuckling of the SMA-composite beam subjected to an external load.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.562-567
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• 2016

Morphing wing which has a configuration optimized to flight speed and condition is faced to a lot of barriers to be overcome such as actuator technique, structural mechanization technique, flexible skin material, control law, and so on. As the first step for developing a morphing wing with rapid response, we designed and fabricated the morphing airfoil using a SMA(shape memory alloy) wire actuator and torsional bias springs. The design concept of the morphing airfoil was verified through operation test. The measured results show that the flap deflects smoothly and fast.