• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1343-1348
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effects of silk protein enzyme hydrolysates on blood glucose and serum lipid in db/db diabetic mice. Twelve week-old-male C57BL/KsJ db/db mice were divided into two groups: diabetic control group and 0.25% silk protein hydrolysates solution group, which were fed for 8 weeks. Body weight increased in the silk protein hydrolysates group compared with the diabetic control group. There were no differences in food and water intake between the diabetic control and the silk protein hydrolysates groups. The weight of liver increased in the silk protein hydrolysates group while that of kidney increased in the diabetic control group. The blood glucose level increased about 18.0% in the diabetic control group after 8 weeks while that in the silk protein hydrolysates group increased about 5.8%. Also, silk protein hydrolysates improved the glucose tolerance in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. There was no difference in total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol concentration between the diabetic control and the silk protein hydrolysates group. Triglyceride concentration were lower in the silk protein hydrolysates group than in the diabetic control group (p<0.05) while HDL-cholesterol concentration were higher in the silk protein hydrolysates group than in the diabetic control group (p<0.05). This results suggest that administration of silk protein enzyme hydrolysates reduces significantly an increasing rate of 1]food glucose, decreases triglyceride, and increases HDL-cholesterol in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1604-1610
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• 2010

We investigated the anti-obesity effects of Foeniculum fructus water extract on body weight, epididymal adipocyte size, plasma lipid levels and activities of key enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Experimental groups were normal diet group (ND), high fat diet group (HFD), high fat diet with 0.05% orlistat group (HFDO), and high fat diet with 0.5% Foeniculum fructus group (HFDF). Eleven-weeks feeding with HFD resulted in significant increase in lipid levels, body weight, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weight, compared with the ND group. Diet containing Foeniculum fructus water extract significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations as well as body weight, liver and epididymal adipose tissue weights. Plasma LDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the HFDF group than those in HFDO group. LPL activities elevated by a high fat diet were significantly decreased by Foeniculum fructus water extract administration. ACS activities decreased in the high fat diet group and markedly increased in the Foeniculum fructus water extract administered group. All things considered, Foeniculum fructus water extract efficiently inhibits the inflow of fatty acid into the cell, and activates metabolic process that uses fatty acids flowing as an energy source. Thus, Foeniculum fructus water extract may have great potential as a novel anti-obesity agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.600-607
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• 2015

In vitro and in vivo experiments using Achyranthis radix and Drynariae rhizoma extracts were conducted. Antioxidant properties were analyzed and the effects on bone, glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated. Drynariae rhizoma (64.67%) obtained higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to Achyranthis radix (19.03%). Similar results were obtained in the reducing power. No differences were observed on the ABTS radical scavenging ability and SOD. In contrast, Achyranthis radix (77.60%) has higher chelating ability compared to Drynariae rhizoma (46.21%). In vivo experiments revealed higher plasma TBARS in OVX-DR than in OVX-AR. Opposite result was seen in erythrocyte TBARS. Hepatic, nephritic and erythrocyte enzymes were considered for the antioxidant enzyme activities. GSH-Px and PON of hepatic enzymes were higher in OVX-AR. While the CAT and GR were higher in OVX-DR. SOD, GSH-Px, GR and PON of nephritic enzymes of OVX-DR were higher compared to OVX-AR. Almost similar values were obtained in CAT using both extracts. The OVX treated rats obtained higher CAT and GR in the erythrocyte enzymes compared to SHAM. The SOD of erythrocyte enzymes in OVX-DR was higher compared to OVX-AR. On the other hand, the GSH-Px was higher in OVX-AR.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

Although the vegetable Angelica keiskei (AK) has widely been utilized for the purpose of general health improvement among Korean population, its functionalities are not very well defined. In this study, we examined the effects of methanol extract of AK in rats on the biochemical changes induced by two hepatotoxins, D-galactosamine (GalN) and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$). AK was orally administered once daily for 7 days to male rats at 200 and 500 mg/kg, before hepatotoxins. Effects of AK were assessed 24 hr later. AK pretreatments at 200 and 500 mg/kg significantly blunted GalN-induced elevation in liver lipid peroxidation, plasma aspartate-transaminase (AST) and alanine-transaminase (ALT) activities. AK also prevented, after 500 mg/kg but not after 200 mg/kg, the GalN-induced elevation in triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels. Differently from against GalN-induced toxicity, AK did further elevate the $CCl_4$-induced rise in AST, ALT and lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that AK, when pre-administered prior to GalN, exerted protective effects against GalN-induced hepatotoxicity, in contrast however, AK exacerbated that induced by $CCl_4$. To explore possible mechanism for the toxicity-potentiating effects of AK on $CCl_4$, the activity of hepatic drug metabolism after AK treatment was assessed. It was observed that AK increased the activity of aniline hydroxaylase, a cytochrome P450 isoenzyme responsible for metabolic activation of $CCl_4$. This finding suggests that hepatoprotective effects of AK are not equally expected depending on hepatotoxins employed.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 1998

Studies were conducted on anti-dibetic effect of the water extract from leaves of Eriobotryae folium, which had been used in Korea as a remedy for dibetes. The extract was found to inhibit the increase in the plasma level of sugar bu the not the decrease in the plasma level of insulin in alloxan-induced dibetic rats. Also, we investigated the in vivo effect of an aqueous extract (referred to as EF) from Eriobotryae folium on glucokinase and hexokinase activities of diabetes mellitus induced by interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$). After 1 week of $IL-1{\beta}$ injection, the levels of serum glucose concentration and insulin secretion were dramatically increased. However, the insulin secretion was decreased with administration of EF. The level of glucose concentration was decreased by EF administration. Furthermore, it was observed that EF was effective in recovering the levels of insulin secretion. Enzyme activities of the glucokinase and hexokinase, which are key enzymes of glucose phosphorylastion, were decreased by $IL-1{\beta}$. EF administration to the mice allowed proportional increasing by stimulation of induction of enzyme activities as high as normal group. These results suggested that EF is highly effective in treatment of diabetes mellitus induce by $IL-1{\beta}$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1661-1666
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• 1999

Yungmijihwgang-Won, Yollyunggobon-Dan and Palmi-Hwan, Korea traditional prescriptions composed of oriental medical herbs, have been used successfully to improve human health and regimen. This study was designed to examine the mechanism of healthful effects of the Korea traditional prescriptions through its antioxidative potentials. Using in vitro antioxidative activity assay system such as DPPH radical quenching assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay and inhibition of TBARS production, three Korea traditional prescriptions were observed to have nearly the same antioxidative potentials as ascorbic acid, a well-known strong water-soluble antioxidant. Moreover, we observed reinforced antioxidative effects of these drugs in liver from mouse fed these drugs with 4 weeks. When liver homogenate was incubated with 2.2'-azobis(amidinopropane) dihydrochloride(AAPH), as a free radical initiator, we observed that oxidative damages were decreased and antioxidative potentials were increased in liver homogenate treated these drugs. However, enzymatic antioxidative system as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase was not affected by drug administration.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.646-653
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• 1995

Background: The confirmative diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis(Tb) can be made by the isolation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(MTb) in the culture of the sputum, respiratory secretions or tissues of the patients, but positive result could not always be obtained in pulmonary Tb cases. Although there are many indirect ways of the diagnosis of Tb, clinicians still experience the difficulty in the diagnosis of Tb because each method has its own limitation. Therefore development of a new diagnostic tool is clinically urgent. It was reported that silica cause some lysosomal enzymes to be released from macrophages in vitro and one of these enzymes is elevated in workers exposed to silica dust and in silicotic subjects. In pulmonary Tb, alveolar macrophages are known to be activated after ingestion of MTb. Activated macrophages can kill MTb through oxygen free radical species and digestive enzymes of lysosome. But if macrophages allow the bacilli to grow intracellularly, the macrophages will die finally and local lesion will enlarge. Then it is assumed that the lysosomal enzymes would be released from the dead macrophages. The goal of this investigation was to determine if there are differences in the plasma activities of lysosomal enzymes, ($\beta$-glucuronidase(GLU) and $\beta$-N-acetyl glucosaminidase(NAG), among the groups of active and inactive pulmonary Tb and healthy control, and to see if there is any possibility that the plasma activity of GLU and NAG can be used as diagnostic indicies of active pulmonary Tb. Methods: The plasma were obtained from 20 patients with bacteriologically proven active pulmonary Tb, 15 persons with inactive Tb and 20 normal controls. In 10 patients with active pulmonary Tb, serial samples after 2 months of anti-Tb medications were obtained. Plasma GLU and NAG activities were measured by the fluorometric methods using 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates. All data are expressed as the mean $\pm$ the standard error of the mean. Results: The activites of GLU and NAG in plasma of the patients with active Tb were $21.52{\pm}3.01$ and $325.4{\pm}23.37$(nmol product/h/ml of plasma), respectively. Those of inactive pulmonary Tb were $24.87{\pm}3.78$, $362.36{\pm}33.92$ and those of healthy control were $25.45{\pm}4.05$, $324.44{\pm}28.66$(nmol product/h/ml of plasma), respectively. There were no significant differences in the plasma activities of both enzymes among 3 groups. The plasma activities of GLU at 2 months after anti-Tb medications were increased($42.18{\pm}5.94$ nmol product/h/ml of plasma) in the patients with active pulmonary Tb compared with that at the diagnosis of Tb(P-value <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present investigation suggest that the measurement of the plasma activities of GLU and NAG in the patients with active pulmonary Tb could not be a useful method for the diagnosis of active Tb. Further investigation is necessary to define the reasons why the plasma activities of the GLU was increased in the patients with active pulmonary Tb after Tb therapy.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2001

혈액형을 지배하는 유전자는 진화에 대하여 중립적인 작용을 하고 있어서 집단의 유전적 구조의 특성 파악, 계통분류학 등에 많이 응용되고 있다. 본 연구는 칡소에 대한 유전학적 특성을 구명하고자 혈액형 분석기술을 응용하여 실시하였다. 공시동물은 (주)한경게놈텍 목장에서 사육중인 외모적으로 칡소의 특징을 보이는 25두를 이용하였다. 혈액은 경정맥에서 헤파린 처리된 진공 채혈관에 무균적으로 채취하여 혈장, 백혈구 및 적혈구로 원심분리한 후 냉동 혹은 냉장 보관하여 각 실험에 이용하였다. 적혈구 항원형의 검출은 2% 적혈구 부유액과 축산기술연구소에서 생산된 항혈청 11종을 이용하여 용혈반응으로 실시하였고, 혈액단백·효소를 지배하고 있는 6개의 유전자 좌위에 대하여 전분 혹은 포리아크릴 아미드겔 전기영동으로 다형 검출을 실시하였다. 용혈반응으로 검출한 적혈구 항원형의 반응양상은 검사한 11종의 항체에 대하여 6종은 50%이상의 개체에서 양성반응을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 일반 한우에서 보이는 양성반응율보다는 높은 것으로 판단되어진다. 전기영동법으로 분석한 6개의 혈액단백·효소 지배 유전자 좌위 중 ALB좌위을 제외한 5개 유전자 좌위에서 다형이 관찰되었다. HB, AMY-1, GC 및 PTF-2 유전자 좌위는 2개의 대립유전자가 관찰되었고, TF 유전자 좌위는 4개의 대립유전자가 관찰되었다. 표 1에서 같이 칡소에서 관찰된 각 유전자 좌위의 대립유전자 빈도의 구성은 일반적인 한우와는 상이한 결과를 보였으나 평균 이형접합도는 칡소가 0.438, 일반한우가 0.442로 계산되어 유전적 변이성은 유사한 것으로 추정되었다. 이상의 결과로 본 연구에서 분석한 칡소는 다른 한우집단과는 상이한 유전적 구조를 가지고 있으나, 유전적 다형성은 비교적 높은 것으로 시사되었다. 보다 정확하고 많은 량의 유전정보 수집을 위하여 Microsatellite DNA 및 모색 관련 유전자를 분석할 필요성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.(Table Omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.76-77
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• 2005

Effects of dietary killed salmonella and vancomycin on the performance and immune response was investigated in broiler chicks inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium. During 3 week(27 d) of age, experimental diet did not affect daily gain, feed intake and feed efficiency. Dietary killed salmonella and vancomycin decreased MnSOD activity. At 7day after Salmonella typhimurium inoculation, dietary killed salmonella and vancomycin increased, daily gain and feed efficiency of broiler chicks. At 7 and 15 day after salmonella inoculation, dietary killed salmonella and vancomycin decreased erythrocyte peroxidase activity, but elevated proliferation of PBMC stimulated with LPS and supernatant IL-1 level secreted by the PBMC. The results suggested that dietary killed salmonella and vancomycin improved the performance of broiler chicks due to modulate antioxidant system and innate immune response of broiler chicks innoculated with Salmonella typhimurium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

In order to verify the effects of Dioscorea Rhizoma on gastrointestinal damages, we investigated the protective role of the crude extracts on induced gastric ulceration in rats. Rats administered of Dioscorea Rhizoma extracts showed gradually decreased congestion and hemorrhage, but control group did not show any symptom in gastric tissue. Moreover, Dioscorea Rhizoma extract had a role in lowering gastrin and histamine levels in gastric ulcer rats, thereby inhibiting the gastric tissue damages. Excessive production of malondialdehyde shown in gastric ulcer rats was declined in all rats administered with Dioscorea Rhizoma extract as well as the levels of SOD and GPX surged by acute gastric ulcer. Also, the increased activity of CAT showed an effect in activation of antioxidant enzyme to normal state. All data suggest that Dioscorea Rhizoma extract was verified to be highly effective resource in improving the gastrointestinal function of rats by preventing from gastric tissue damage in acute gastric ulcer and restoring the activities of plasma substances and antioxidant enzymes.