• Title/Summary/Keyword: 현저한 지도

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Effect of Chlorella vulgaris CHK0008 Fertilization on Enhancement of Storage and Freshness in Organic Strawberry and Leaf Vegetables (Chlorella vulgaris CHK0008 시비가 유기농 딸기와 엽채소의 저장성과 신선도 향상에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Min-Jeong;Shim, Chang-Ki;Kim, Yong-Ki;Park, Jong-Ho;Hong, Sung-Jun;Ji, Hyeong-Jin;Han, Eun-Jung;Yoon, Jung-Chul
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.872-878
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    • 2014
  • This study aimed to enhance storage and freshness of strawberry fruits and foliage vegetables by spray treatment with Chlorella vulgaris as a bio-fertilizer. The tested strain, C. vulgaris CHK0008, was isolated from an organically cultivated rice paddy and identified as C. vulgaris by its morphology and 18S rDNA and 23S rDNA sequence homology. We successfully cultured C. vulgaris CHK0008 in BG11 modified medium (BG11MM) and adjusted $2.15{\times}10^6cell/mL$ C. vulgaris CHK0008 to one OD value by measuring the optical density at 680 nm using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The soluble solid content of 'Seolhyang' and 'Yukbo' strawberry fruits treated by spray application with C. vulgaris CHK0008 was enhanced by 22.2% and 11.5% respectively, compared to untreated controls. Additionally, the decay rates of treated 'Seolhyang' and 'Yukbo' strawberry fruits decreased 63.8% and 74.4% respectively, compared to untreated control. Surface color changes and chlorosis of leaves in leaf vegetables such as lettuce, kale, red ornamental kale, white ornamental kale and beet were observed in samples treated with water spray for 10 days after cold storage. However, the decay rate of leafy vegetables treated with foliar application of 25% C. vulgaris CHK0008 liquid culture was significantly decreased compared to that of the untreated control during storage at $4^{\circ}C$.

A Study on the Component-based GIS Development Methodology using UML (UML을 활용한 컴포넌트 기반의 GIS 개발방법론에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Tae-Og;Kim, Kye-Hyun
    • Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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    • v.3 no.2 s.6
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    • pp.21-43
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    • 2001
  • The environment to development information system including a GIS has been drastically changed in recent years in the perspectives of the complexity and diversity of the software, and the distributed processing and network computing, etc. This leads the paradigm of the software development to the CBD(Component Based Development) based object-oriented technology. As an effort to support these movements, OGC has released the abstract and implementation standards to enable approaching to the service for heterogeneous geographic information processing. It is also common trend in domestic field to develop the GIS application based on the component technology for municipal governments. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt the component technology considering current movements, yet related research works have not been made. This research is to propose a component-based GIS development methodology-ATOM(Advanced Technology Of Methodology)-and to verify its adoptability through the case study. ATOM can be used as a methodology to develop component itself and enterprise GIS supporting the whole procedure for the software development life cycle based on conventional reusable component. ATOM defines stepwise development process comprising activities and work units of each process. Also, it provides input and output, standardized items and specs for the documentation, detailed instructions for the easy understanding of the development methodology. The major characteristics of ATOM would be the component-based development methodology considering numerous features of the GIS domain to generate a component with a simple function, the smallest size, and the maximum reusability. The case study to validate the adoptability of the ATOM showed that it proves to be a efficient tool for generating a component providing relatively systematic and detailed guidelines for the component development. Therefore, ATOM would lead to the promotion of the quality and the productivity for developing application GIS software and eventually contribute to the automatic production of the GIS software, the our final goal.

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Estimation of Soil Loss Due to Cropland Increase in Hoeryeung, Northeast Korea (북한 회령지역의 농경지 변화에 따른 토양침식 추정)

  • Lee, Min-Boo;Kim, Nam-Shin;Kang, Chul-Sung;Shin, Keun-Ha;Choe, Han-Sung;Han, Uk
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.373-384
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    • 2003
  • This study analyses the soil loss due to cropland increase in the Hoeryeung area of northeast Korea, using Landsat images of 1987 TM and 2001 ETM, together with DTED, soil and geological maps, and rainfall data of 20 years. Items of land cover and land use were categorized as cropland, settlement, forest, river zone, and sand deposit by supervised classification with spectral bands 1, 2 and 3. RUSLE model is used for estimation of soil loss, and AML language for calculation of soil loss volumes. Fourier transformation method is used for unification of the geographical grids between Landsat images and DTED. GTD was selected from 1:50,000 topographic map. Main sources of soil losses over 100 ton/year may be the river zone and settlement in the both times of 1987 and 2001, but the image of the 2001 shows that sources areas have developed up to the higher mountain slopes. In the cropland average, increases of hight and gradient are 24m and $0.8^{\circ}$ from 1987 to 2001. In the case of new developed cropland, average increases are 75m and $2.5^{\circ}$, and highest soil loss has occurred at the elevation between 300 and 500m. The soil loss 57 ton of 1987 year increased 85 ton of 2001 year. Soil loss is highest in $30{\sim}50^{\circ}$ slope zones in both years, but in 2001 year, soil loss increased under $30^{\circ}$ zones. The size of area over 200 ton/year, indicating higher risk of landslides, have increased from $28.6km^2$ of 1987 year to $48.8km^2$ of 2001 year.

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Fluid Inclusion Studies on the Wolak Tungsten-Molybdenum Deposits, Korea (월악 중석-몰리브덴 광상의 유체포유물 연구)

  • Lee, In Sung;Park, Hee-In
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.17-32
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    • 1982
  • The Wolak tungsten-molybdenum deposits are tungsten-molybdenum bearing quartz veins which filled the fractures in Pre-Cambrian pebble-bearing calcareous hornfels, hornfels and Cretaceous granite. There are two vein groups in this mine, Dongsan vein group in the west and Kwangcheon vein group in the east. The ore minerals are wolframite, scheelite, molybdenite, native bismuth, bismuthinite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, stannite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, Pb-Bi sulfosalt and ilmenite. Quartz, calcite, beryl, fluorite, muscovite, rhodochrosite and siderite are gangue minerals. Fluid inclusion studies were carried out for the quartz, beryl, scheelite, early and late fluorite. Fluid inclusion studies reveal that liquid-gas inclusions are most common and occur in all of the minerals examined. Filling degree of the inclusions in the late fluorite is much higher than that of the inclusions in quartz and early fluorite. Liquid $CO_2$ bearing liquid-gas inclusions occur in quartz and early fluorite. Liquid, gas and solid phase inclusions occur in quartz, beryl and scheelite. Salinities of inclusions in quartz and beryl from Dongsan vein group range from 3.9 to 8.0, from 5.3 to 7.7 wt.% NaCl equivalent respectively. Salinities in the late fluorite range from 1.5 to 3.2 wt.% NaCl equivalent. In Kwangcheon vein group salinities range from 3.9 to 9.6 wt.% NaCl equivalent in quartz, from 2.8 to 7.3 wt.% NaCl equivalent in early fluorite, from 1.3 to 1.5 wt.% NaCl equivalent in late fluorite. Homogenization temperatures of inclusions range from $239^{\circ}$ to higher than $360^{\circ}C$ in quartz, over $360^{\circ}C$ in scheelite, from $288^{\circ}C$ to higher than $360^{\circ}C$ in beryl, and from $159^{\circ}$ to $202^{\circ}C$ in late fluorite of the Dongsan vein group. In Kwangcheon vein group, homo genization temperatures of inclusions range from $240^{\circ}C$ to higher than $360^{\circ}C$ in quartz and from $240^{\circ}$ to $328^{\circ}C$ in early fluorite. As a whole, in Dongsan and Kwangcheon vein groups it seems that there are no distinct differences in mineralogy, salinities and homogenization temperatures. No distinct variations in homogenization temperatures are revealed through about 300 m vertically in both district. The faint trend of increase in salinities in the lower level can be detected. The salinity, $CO_2$ content and the temperature of ore fluid were much higher in the early vein stage and then dropped off in the late stage of mineralization as represented by the quartz and fluorite inclusion data.

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Relationship between Berry Set Density and Fruit Quality in 'Kyoho' Grape (포도 '거봉' 품종에 있어서 착립 정도와 과실 품질과의 관계)

  • Park, Seo-Jun;Kim, Jin-Gook;Jung, Sung-Min;Noh, Jung-Ho;Hur, Youn-Young;Ryou, Myung-Sang;Lee, Han-Chan
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.954-958
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    • 2010
  • The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between berry set density per bearing shoot and fruit quality in 'Kyoho' grape. Fruit quality was evaluated by soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), skin color, and total anthocyanin content (TAC). There was a sharp increase in SSC of fruit juice from veraison initiation to 30 days after veraison. The SSC level increased with the lower berry set per bearing shoot. The rapid accumulation of SSC 4 weeks after veraison in the cluster of low berry set (10-20) was observed, while that of high berry set (40-50) showed delayed and low SSC accumulation which reached only $15.0^{\circ}Bx$ at harvest. TA of fruit juice in all treatments reduced rapidly from veraison initiation to 30 days after veraison, and then reduced gradually. TA in all treatments except 50 berries set reached to 0.4-0.6% which was optimal TA in 'Kyoho' at fruit harvest. During fruit maturing after veraison, fruit skin color changed from green to purple-black, L and b value decreased, and a value increased. TAC in 10 and 20 berries set was gradually increased to 2 weeks after veraison, sharply increased until 6 weeks after veraison, and then finally decreased, while TAC in content in 30, 40, and 50 berries set per annual shoot remained at low level. The results indicated that the number of berry set for good quality seemed to be 20 per bearing shoot in 'Kyoho' grape.

Study on Reesterification of Rice Bran Oil Containing High Free Fatty Acids and Glycerol (유리지방산을 많이 함유한 미강유와 글리세린의 에스테르화 반응에 관한 연구)

  • Moon, Sung-Hoon;Rhee, Joon-Shick
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.193-199
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    • 1980
  • A series of tests were conducted on the reesterification of rice bran oil containing high free fatty acids (acid value=119.7) with theoretical equivalent of glycerol. Test results showed that reaction rate (in terms of decrease in acid value) was increased as the reaction temperature was increased regardless of the presence of the catalyst and reaction time (42.7, 21.5 and 10.0 at $170^{\circ}C,\;210^{\circ}C\;and\;250^{\circ}C$, respectively) and as the reaction time was increased regardless of the temperature and the presence of the catalyst (31.1 vs 18.3 for 3 hrs vs 6 hrs). The presence of the catalyst (0.2% tin chloride) also accelerated the rate regardless of the reaction temperature and time (36.9 vs 12.5). Analysis by column chromatography showed that content of triglyceride in the oil was increased to 72.9% and 61.1% from 10.4% and content of free fatty acids in the oil was decreased to 1.4% and 6.1% from 60.2%, when the degummed oil was esterified at $250^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs in the presence of and in the absence of the catalyst, respectively. The results estimated from the iodine values indicate that polymer formation was not significant, when the oil was esterified for 6 hrs at temperatures up to $210^{\circ}C$. However, it was somewhat significant for the oil esterified at $250^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs. The catalyst did not affect the polymer formation. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography showed that oleic acid (42.5%), linoleic acid (29.0%) and palmitic acid (20.3%) were the major fatty acid components of the rice bran oil.

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Anti-corrosion properties for cross section of Mg films on galvalume steel coated by PVD process (PVD법에 의해 Mg 코팅된 갈바륨 도금강판의 단면부 내식특성)

  • Park, Jae-Hyeok;Kim, Sun-Ho;Park, Gi-Dong;Jeong, Jae-In;Yang, Ji-Hun;Lee, Gyeong-Hwang;Lee, Myeong-Hun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2018.06a
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    • pp.65-65
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    • 2018
  • 갈바륨 도금강판은 알루미늄의 우수한 차폐 특성과 내열성, 열 반사성을 가지며 아연의 희생방식 특성을 겸비하여 동일 부착량의 용융 아연도금 및 알루미늄 도금강판에 비해 우수한 내식성을 나타낸다고 알려져 있다. 또한 이것은 표면이 미려하고 경제성이 높아 건자재 용도로 현재까지도 세계적으로 널리 이용되고 있다. 여기서 지칭하는 바륨 도금강판(galvalume steel)은 아연과 알루미늄 도금강판의 장점을 접목하기 위해 55 Al-43.4 Zn-1.6 Si (wt.%)로 구성되어 개발된 3원계 성분의 합금도금강판이다. 한편, 최근에는 강재의 내식성을 향상시키기 위한 다양한 연구 결과에 의해 Zn-Al-Mg의 3원계 합금도금강판도 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 이것은 기존의 아연도금 강판 보다 10배 정도의 우수한 내식성을 나타내는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 특히, 이것은 도금된 평판부의 내식성은 물론 절단된 도금 단면부의 내식성도 매우 우수하다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 상기한 갈바륨 도금강판의 경우에는 도금된 표면부에 비해 단면부의 내식성이 상대적으로 취약한 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 갈바륨 도금강판의 내식성을 종합적으로 향상시키기 위하여 이 갈바륨 도금강판 상에 PVD 스퍼터링법에 의해 Mg 코팅막의 제작을 시도하였다. 여기서 Mg 코팅막은 후처리 된 갈바륨 도금강판 상에 Ar 공정압력 2 및 20 mTorr 조건 중 1.5 및 $3{\mu}m$ 두께로 제작하였다. 또한 제작한 코팅막에 대해서는 모폴로지 관찰(SEM) 및 결정구조 분석(XRD)을 하였고, 분극측정, 염수분무 시험(SST) 및 복합부식 시험(CCT)에 의해 표면 및 단면부의 내식성평가를 수행하였다. 또한 여기서는 염수분무 및 복합부식 시험 후의 시험편도 채취 하여 표면 및 단면부위에 대한 원소조성 분석(EPMA)과 결정구조 분석(XRD)을 실시하였다. 이상의 실험 결과에 의하면, 본 실험에서 제작한 Mg 코팅막은 그 두께가 두꺼울수록 표면 Mg 결정립의 크기가 증가하였고, 그 부식속도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 여기서는 공정압력이 높은 조건에서 제작한 막일수록 Mg(002)면 피크 강도가 감소하고 Mg(101)면 피크의 배향성이 증가하였다. 그때 그 막의 내식성은 향상되는 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고 종합적으로 염수분무 및 복합부식 시험 결과에 의하면 Mg이 코팅된 갈바륨 도금강판은 기존 갈바륨 도금강판 보다 내식성이 현저히 향상되었다. 특히, 단면부 내식성의 경우에는 기존 대비 5배 이상 향상되는 경향을 나타내었다. 여기서 단면부 내식특성 분석을 위한 EPMA 원소조성 분석 결과에 의거하면, 부식 초기에는 마그네슘의 부식생성물에 의해 단면부가 치밀하게 보호되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그 이후에는 부식이 지속적으로 진행됨에 따라 갈바륨 도금층에서 용출된 알루미늄 및 아연 성분이 마그네슘과 함께 치밀한 부식생성물을 형성하여 단면부를 차폐함에 따라 단면부의 내식성이 크게 향상된 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 부식생성물의 결정구조 분석 결과에 따르면, 염수분무와 복합부식 시험에서는 공통적으로 MgO, $Mg(OH)_2$ 이외에도 Simonkolleite상 등이 형성되었다. 또한 건-습 반복 부식시험인 복합부식시험 후에는 $Mg_5(CO_3)_4(OH)_24H_2O$(Hydromagnesite)상 등이 형성됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 본 실험에서 후처리된 갈바륨 도금강판 상에 제작한 마그네슘 코팅막의 경우에는 상기와 같은 다양한 부식반응에 의해 표면 및 단면부에 형성된 Mg계 부식생성물과 $Zn_5(OH)_8Cl_2H_2O$(Simonkolleite)상에 의해서 표면은 물론 단면부 내식성이 크게 향상된 것으로 사료된다.

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Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwater Occurring in Complex Geological Environment of Yeongdong Area, Chungbuk, Korea (충북 영동군 복합 지질지역에서 산출되는 지하수의 수리지화학적 특성)

  • Moon, Sang-Ho
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.445-466
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    • 2017
  • Yeongdong area is located in the contact zone between central southeastern Ogcheon belt and Yeongnam massif, in which Cretaceous Yeongdong basin exists. Therefore, the study area has complex geological environment of various geological age and rock types such as Precambrian metamorphic rocks, age-unknown Ogcheon Supergroup, Paleozoic/Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic igneous rocks and Quaternary alluvial deposits. This study focuses on the link between the various geology and water type, and discussed the source of some major ions and their related water-rock interaction. For this study, the field parameters and ion concentrations for twenty alluvial/weathered and eighty bedrock aquifer wells were used. Statistical analysis indicates that there was no significant differences in groundwater quality between wet and dry seasons. Although various types were observed due to complex geology, 80 to 84 % of samples showed $Ca-HCO_3$ water type. Some wells placed in alluvial/weathered aquifers of Precambrian metamorphic and Jurassic granitic terrains showed somewhat elevated $NO_3$ and Cl concentrations. $Mg-HCO_3$ typed waters prevailed in Cretaceous Yeongdong sedimentary rocks. The deeper wells placed in bedrock aquifers showed complicated water types varying from $Ca-HCO_3$ through $Ca-Cl/SO_4/NO_3$ to $Na-HCO_3$ and Na-Cl type. Groundwater samples with $Na-HCO_3$ or Na-Cl types are generally high in F concentrations, indicating more influences of water-rock interaction within mineralized/hydrothermal alteration zone by Cretaceous porphyry or granites. This study revealed that many deep-seated aquifer had been contaminated by $NO_3$, especially prominent in Jurassic granites area. Based on molar ratios of $HCO_3/Ca$, $HCO_3/Na$, Na/Si, it can be inferred that Ca and $HCO_3$ components of most groundwater in alluvial/weathered aquifer wells were definitely related with dissolution of calcite. On the other hand, Ca and $HCO_3$ in bedrock aquifer seem to be due to dissolution of feldspar besides calcite. However, these molar ratios require other mechanism except simple weathering process causing feldspar to be broken into kaolinite. The origin of $HCO_3$ of some groundwater occurring in Cretaceous Yeongdong sedimentary rock area seems to be from dissolution of dolomite($MgCO_3$) or strontianite($SrCO_3$) as well.

Effects of Garlic- and Onion-based Formulae and Merit Blue on Budbreak and Maturity of 'Daebong' Grapes (Vitis labruscana B.) in Forcing Culture (마늘 및 양파 제제(製劑)와 메리트청(靑) 처리(處理)가 가온촉성재배시(加溫促成栽培時) '대봉(大峰)' 포도(葡萄)의 발아(發芽)와 성숙(成熟)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kim, Seon-Kyu;Kim, Seung-Heui
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.123-126
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    • 1999
  • Effects of garlic juice (GJ), ethanol- (GJAE) and ethyl ether extract of garlic juice (GJEE), onion juice (OJ) and ethanol extract of onion juice (OJAE), garlic juice+Merit Blue (GJ+MB), ethanol extract of garlic juice+Merit Blue (GJAE+MB), onion juice+Merit Blue (OJ+MB), ethanol extract of onion juice+Merit Blue (OJAE+MB), and Merit Blue (MB) on budbreak, flowering, and maturity of plastic house-grown 'Daebong' grapes (Vitis labruscana B.) were studied. MB alone and in combination with other formulae hastened the budbreak, and double application was more effective than single one. Most of the buds sprouted in early forcing, but percent budbreak in late forcing was very poor except for MB application. In early forcing, single application of MB in combination with other formulae was most effective for hastening flowering while the response to double application was not consistent, and even delayed the flowering except for OJAE, MB, and OJ+MB. In late forcing, single application of all dormancy-breaking agents, especially MB in combination with other formulae, hastened the flowering while flowering response to double application was inconsistent, and even delayed the flowering except for OJAE+MB and OJ. Although there were no significant differences in harvest date among treatments and the number of application in early forcing, single and double application of MB alone and in combination with other formulae, especially double application of OJAE+MB hastened the harvest date for 12 days in late forcing culture.

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Effects of Foliar-sprayed Diniconazole on Contents of Endogenous Gibberellic Acids and Abscisic Acid in Lilium davuricum (Diniconazole 엽면살포가 날개하늘나리의 내생 GA 및 ABA 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Eum, Sun-Jung;Park, Kyeung-Il;Lee, In-Jung;Choi, Young-Jun;Oh, Wook;Kim, Kiu-Weon
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.165-171
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    • 2011
  • Plant growth retardants reduce the plant height by inhibiting stem elongation in Lilium davuricum. To investigate the plant hormones related to stem elongation, we sprayed 50 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole to young plants of L. davuricum and quantified the contents of endogenous gibberellic acids (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). In GA biosynthesis, L. davuricum had not only the early C-13 hydroxylation ($GA_{19}{\rightarrow}GA_{20}{\rightarrow}GA_1$) pathway resulting in $GA_1$ as the active form but also the non C-13 hydroxylation (NCH, $GA_{12}{\rightarrow}GA_{24}{\rightarrow}GA_9{\rightarrow}GA_4$) with $GA_4$ as the active form. However, the main pathway was NCH because $GA_4$ concentration of 55 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry wt was much higher than $GA_1$ content of 0.23 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry wt in control plant. Diniconazole inhibited GA biosynthesis through NCH pathway from its early stage. $GA_{12}$ content decreased by diniconazole up to 6% level of that of control and this effect continued to $GA_4$. Diniconazole reduced $GA_{12}$ content by 12.7 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry wt, whereas that of control plant was 213.8 $ng{\cdot}g^{-1}$ dry wt. ABA content decreased up to one third of control by diniconazole application. From the contents of endogenous $GA_4$, $GA_1$, and ABA in this study, we could conclude that diniconazole reduces the plant height by inhibiting $GA_4$ biosynthesis in L. davuricum.