• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.630-637
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• 2018

Harmony search (HS) is a recently developed metaheuristic optimization algorithm. HS is inspired by the process of musical improvisation and repeatedly searches for the optimal solution using three operations: random selection, memory recall (or harmony memory consideration), and pitch adjustment. HS has been applied by many researchers in various fields. The increasing complexity of real-world optimization problems has created enormous challenges for the current technique, and improved techniques of optimization algorithms and HS are required. We propose an improved clustering harmony search (ICHS) that uses a clustering technique to group solutions in harmony memory based on their objective function values. The proposed ICHS performs modified harmony memory consideration in which decision variables of solutions in a high-ranked cluster have higher probability of being selected than those in a low-ranked cluster. The ICHS is demonstrated in various optimization problems, including mathematical benchmark functions and water distribution system pipe design problems. The results show that the proposed ICHS outperforms other improved versions of HS.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.491-504
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• 2021

Gwanghwamun Gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace was dismantled and relocated during the Japanese colonial period, destroyed during the Korean War, reconstructed with reinforced concrete in 1968, and finally erected at its present location in 2010. A pair of Haechi statues located in front of Gwanghwamun was dismantled and relocated several times, and the statues have yet to be returned precisely to their original positions. This study assesses the historical accuracy of their current placement under the Gwanghwamun Square Restructuring Project of the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the Cultural Heritage Administration based on archival photos from the early 1900s, and proposes a method to estimate the original positions of the Haechi through image analysis of contemporary photographs and recent digital camera photos. We estimated the original position of the Haechi before the Japanese colonial period by identifying the shooting location of the archival photo and reproducing contemporary photographs by calculating the angle and distance to the Haechi from the shooting location. The leftmost and rightmost Haechi were originally located about 9.6 m to the east and 7.4 m to the north and about 1.9 m to the west and 8.0 m to the north, respectively, of their current location indicators. As the first attempt to determine the original location of a building and its accessories using archival photos, this study launches a new scientific methodology for the restoration of cultural properties.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.294-302
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• 2018

To analyze the behavior of a soil beam under pore water pressure, the results of analytical solutions and finite element analysis (FEM) were compared quantitatively. In contrast to the results of the analytical solution, the horizontal stress obtained from the FEM did not show a symmetrical distribution. On the other hand, the horizontal stress became closer to symmetrical distribution as the number of elements of the soil beam were increased. A comparison of the horizontal stresses from the analytic solution with those obtained from Gaussian points of FEM showed that the magnitude of the tensile stress from the FEM using 3 elements was 6% of the maximum value of the analytical solution and the compressive stress from the FEM using the same elements was 37% of the maximum value of the analytical solution. The magnitude of the tensile stress from the FEM using 6 elements was 61% of the maximum value of the analytical solution and the magnitude of the compressive stress from the FEM using the elements was 83% of the maximum value of the analytical solution. Vertical stresses, which were obtained from the analytical solution, showed a continuous distribution with the depth of the soil beam, whereas the vertical stresses from the FEM showed a discrete distribution corresponding to each element. The results also showed that the average value of the vertical stresses of each element was close to that of the pore water pressure. A comparison of the vertical displacements computed at the near vertical center line of the soil beam from the FEM with those of the analytical solution showed that the magnitude of the vertical displacement from FEM using 3 elements was 35% of the value of the analytical solution and the magnitude of the vertical displacement from FEM using 6 elements was 57% of the value of the analytical solution.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.311-343
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• 2020

Because of the global warming, the Arctic Ocean is expected to be ice-free by the year 2035. When the Arctic Ocean will be opened, a number of national interests will become more salient as experiencing a shortened sailing distance and decreasing navigation expense, possibility of natural resources transport by sea from Arctic Circle, and indirect-profit making by building a herb port in Asia. To secure the national interests and support the free activities of people in this region, R.O.K government is trying to make advanced policies. In order to carry out the naval tasks in the Arctic Ocean, using the operational characteristics(mobility, flexibility, sustainability, presence of capabilities, projection) is necessary. To this end, ROK Navy should analyze the operational environment (O.E.) by its capability(weakness and strength), opportunity, and threat. R.O.K. Navy should make an effort over the following issues to implement the tasks in the Arctic Ocean: first, Navy needs to map out her own plan (Roadmap) under the direction of government policies and makes crews participate in the education·training programs in home and abroad for future polar experts. Third, to develop the forces and materials for the tasks in cold, far operations area, Navy should use domestic well-experienced shipbuilding skills and techniques of the fourth industrial revolution. Next, improving the combined operations capabilities and military trust with other countries in the Arctic region to cover the large area with lack of forces' number and to resolve the ports of call issues. Lastly, preparation in advance to execute a variety of missions against military and non-traditional threats such as epidemics, HA/DR, SOLAS, in the future operation area is required.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2008

해상통신은 인명 안전을 위한 중요 통신으로 국제적으로 보호되어 왔다. 뿐 만 아니라 지구 전역을 커버하기 위해 전송 특성이 좋은 LF/MF/HF대역의 통신시스템 및 위성 시스템이 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 통신 기술의 발달로 육상이동통신 기술을 해상 및 항공에 확대하려는 시도가 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 통신 기술의 급속한 발전으로 해상 및 항공 통신망은 기존 음성 위주의 통신망에서 멀티미디어를 처리할 수 있는 디지틀망으로의 전환이 시급히 필요하게 되었다. 대부분의 아날로그 시스템은 디지틀 시스템으로 전환되고 있으며 데이터를 이용해서 보다 정확한 정보를 제공해서 해상 안전을 높이고 있으며 기존 개별 장비를 시스템화하여 주파수를 효율적으로 활용하고 사용을 편리하게 할 수 있도록 하고 있다. DSC, AIS 등 이미 많은 디지틀 장비들이 국제 해상 통신에 이용되고 있으며 해상 통신 시스템을 종합화해서 해상안전을 제고하기 위해 IMO를 중심으로 주진 중에 있다. 그러나 연근해 해상 통신 시스템은 SOLAS조약에서 제외되어 있으므로 나라마다 다양하게 개발되고 있다. 특히 연근해에서 중요한 MF/HF/VHF대역 시스템을 각 국이 경쟁하면서 현대화를 추진하고 있으며 ITU-R을 통해서 표준화를 주도하려고 노력하고 있다. 본 고에서는 연근해 핵심 통신망을 구성할 HF/VHF대역 시스템에 대한 기술을 분석하고 기술하였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1993

For the numerical analysis of free oscillation characteristics in a harbor with general boundary and bottom topography, finite element method is applied. The governing Helmholtz equation is transformed into a generalized matrix eigenvalue problem using the standard finite element procedure. A computer code is developed for the numerical evaluation of natural frequencies and free oscillation modes. In the eigensolution process, a shifting strategy is devised for the treatment of numerical singularity. Scaling of coefficient matrix is also found to be effective for the alleviation of numerical ill-conditioning. For the test problems, firstly, analytical and numerical solutions are compared and validity of the code is obtained. Hence the method is successfully applicable for the real-world problems with general geometric boundaries and bottom topography.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 2011

We solve the simple physical model for liquid pool spreading with vaporization semi-analytically for the first time, using perturbation techniques. The results are compared with those obtained using numerical methods. We use the evaporation rate per unit area as a perturbation parameter, and first-order solutions are obtained for continuous and instantaneous release. The two solutions are nearly identical with respect to the pool radius. The pool volumes are nearly the same at the early stage of the spread and then start to diverge.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2002

Numerical stability is studied based on numerics and mathematics. It is frequently observed in the region where velocity is zero. In that region, the Euler equation have numerous solutions and, thus, it is impossible to determine a unique solution with only governing equations. However, a unique solution can be determined by additional outer flow conditions or outer numerical discontinuity calculation since the information or a unique solution under undisturbed conditions is lost by disturbances. In this reason, the numerical scheme comsistent with Euler equations cannot remove shock instability completely.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.768-772
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• 2005

TSP(Traveling Salesman Problem) has been a nagging NP-complete problem to test almost every algorithmic idea in combinatorial optimization in vain. The main bottleneck is how to get the integer results {0,1} and to avoid sub-tours. We suggest simple and practical method in two steps. Firstly for every node, an initial Hamiltonian cycle us produced on the nearest neighbour concept. The node with nearest distance is to be inserted to form a increased feasible cycle. Secondly we improve the initial solution by exchanging 2 cuts of the grand tours. We got practical results within 1 from the optimum in 30 minutes for up to 200 nodes problems. TSP of real world type might be tackled practically in our formulation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2009

The demand for high performance computer grows to solve large linear systems of equations in such engineering fields - circuit simulation for VLSI design, image processing, structural engineering, aerodynamics, etc. Many various parallel processing systems have been proposed and manufactured to satisfy the demand. The properties of linear system determine what algorithm is proper to solve the problem. Direct methods or iterative methods can be used for solving the problem. In this paper, an intelligent parallel iterative method for solving linear systems of equations with large sparse matrices is proposed and its efficiency is proved through simulation.