• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.321-349
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• 2016

According to the recent observation by NOAA(US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), 2015 is the warmest year based on global average temperature since 1880. The air temperatures in the Arctic have been rising at almost twice the global average and the extent and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic have declined. And the warming process in the Arctic is accelerating rapidly. These impacts of drastic change in sea ice caused by climate change in the Arctic threaten the eco-system service and biodiversity in the Arctic. This study intends to estimate the economic value on changes in eco-system services and biodiversity of the Arctic caused by climate change. The result of the valuation indicates that the total benefit from improvement of ecosystem in the Arctic ranges from 318.6 billion won to 715.9 billion won per annum. Replication scenarios can be explored into two broad categories in future studies: scenarios in consideration of conflicts of different stakeholders and scenarios based on wider or narrower definition of biodiversity in the Arctic.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.270-279
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• 2011

This study to analyze differences of cancer patient's health utilizations in medical aid program and national health insurance by analysing health insurance claims data, and identify effects of health care systems. The majors results of the research were as follows. First, cancer patients in medical aid program more used total medical expenditures than in national health insurance mostly by many outpatient visits and long term hospitalization. Second, results of multiple regression, cancer patients in medical aid program more used total expenditures and inpatient expenditures. But, outpatient expenditures weren't different, cancer patients in medical aid program more visited medical institutions and hospitalized long term periods than in national health insurance. Therefore, it is too early to conclude that moral hazard is in health utilizations of medical aid program, because cancer patients in medical aid program many use in benefits for many nonbenefit burdens.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.209-216
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• 2017

The merits and demerits of the chaebol in Korea has been subjected to considerable debate in recent years. In accounting research, many papers have been concentrating on tunneling that be designated as expropriation of minority shareholders by controlling shareholders. Although majority previous paper suggested related-party transaction has a negative effect to firm value, some research on related-party transaction argued it has a positive effect, also. We assume that they can't consider compositive meaning of related-party transaction and result of prior studies are mixed. In this setting, we investigate the relation between earnings management and related-party transaction which be known as strategy for tunneling by considering controlling shareholder's ownership.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1978

In order to investigate corelation between contents of dioctylphthalate in polyvinylchloride blent dibutyl tin dilaulate with dibutyl tin maleate as stabilizer and the behaviors of radiation resistance as well as electrical conductivity on irradiated specimens, several observations were carried out. A characteristic peak observed in the range of $1,540-1,640cm^{-1}$ on infrared spectra shows such a sensitive response to radiation as the intensity decreases with increasing doses and that this tendency strongly depressed in the presence of plasticizer. It is seemingly attributed for origin of the peak to the existence of RCOO- ion resulting from dissociation of stabilizere, further the depressive effect of decreasing peak intensity influenced by radiation seems to be caused by resonance absorption in benzen ring being a consistituent of plasticizer. It is also suggestive to be use the peak behavior influenced by radiation as a criterion for the evaluation of radiation resistance of PVC. Further the results obtained from electrical conductivity measurement also exhibit reasonable characteristics explainable with views used for the interpretation of the peak behavior mentioned previousely.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.351-377
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• 2008

Corruption in China became increasingly serious during the early period of its social transition, resulting in severe economic losses and huge challenges to China's government institution, as well as gradually becoming socially widespread. Recently. China's political corruption is an outcome of the attenuated political control, which has been caused by a systemic change from planned economy to market economy since 1978, and the lack of institutionalization to relieve such transition. Besides, the immature market system and state's intervention in the economy are other factors for the corruption. In short, current China's corruption can be regarded as a structuralized phenomenon. This article identified such circumstance by analyzing the scope, degree, and scale of the corruption. Overall assessment of the some factors suggests that present economic modernization is a principal cause for Chinese corruption while the other factors-monopoly power system in the Chinese Communist Party and the transformation of connection-are important but secondary.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2003

We must not consider a culture as means of economy. Specially, it is not possible that is supposed to incorporate a cultural identity in a shape of product, but also international competitiveness can not be raised by it. Because an identify is based on the system of symbol such as language, it can be understood only in a same cultural area. While, the value-in-use of technology can be accepted universally as a formative language of international style. Therefore, the competitiveness of design will say as a special quality that can be acquired in connection with technology. For instance, that Korean mobile telephone could be recognized worldwide is not because it has the Koreanized shape but has a high technology. The public have only a superficial understanding about design. Because that is limited in the visual aspect of product, so called 'the pretty design', which exclude the value-in-use and the organic correlation of form and function in general, it may be a cause of socio-ethical dysfunction. It is providing an elbowroom for making a mistake that can regard the product design as an artistic experiment and try to raise the international competitiveness simply with the visual aspect. And the distorted understanding about design has been diffused rapidly owing to spread of black box products because the over-designed shape is known to the public as a proper result of designing. That reorganize the design category will do as a starting point that can get rid of such a misunderstanding, and do to achieve an ideological role of design for human and society. And it will be a warning to the moral slackening that is due to regarding a style as means of competitiveness and the blindness due to thinking culture as means of economy, and we may expect to offer a basic understanding about design which can prevent products from being visualized.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2013

This research was performed to test the effects of oleic acid for the management of greenhouse whiteflies and tobacco whiteflies. Tobacco whiteflies, especially, are the vectors of tomato yellow leaf curl virus on tomato plants. Whiteflies are not only the vectors of various viruses but also the major insect pests that cause direct damages through sucking and induce sooty mold with their sweet dew on tomato plants. There are many eco-friendly management measures including the use of yellow sticky trap and natural enemies such as Eretmocerus eremicus and Amblyseius swirskii. However, these management measures have difficulties to implement in the greenhouse. Therefore, in this research, oleic acid was tested for its effect on the management of whiteflies at various concentrations of 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm, or 4,000ppm. As a result, treatments of 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm and 4,000ppm oleic acid showed the control value of 70%, 76% and 84%, respectively. In another test, treatments of 2,000ppm oleic acid, and control treatment of 1,5000ppm neem oil and 50ppm dinotefuran showed the control value of 82%, 75%, and 75%, respectively. Cost for one application of oleic acid and neem oil for 10a area would be 3,180 Won and 20,150 Won, respectively. As a result, it was assumed that the use of oleic acid would be a appropriate management measure.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.873-892
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• 2016

2015 was the seventieth year from the liberation and the division of Korean peninsular. Although the research on the unification has been performed in various interdisciplinary fields since the liberation of Korea, the geographic research on the unification based on the space stays in a minority. It is time to wrap up the literatures and discourses centered on geography for preparing the unification and taking a view of Korean territory of future unification. The starting point is to define the concept of the geography for unification and give careful consideration to the geographic research trends related to the unification that has been achieved since the liberation of Korea. The geography for unification should be understood in the concept of time and space. First of all, the geography for unification can be composed of the stages such as the research for unification, the research for unification impact, the research for united Korea, and the geopolitics of East Asia under the concept of time. It also can be divided into the regions such as Korea, North Korea, borderlands between North Korea-China and North Korea-Russia including South and North Korea, and North East Asia and Pan Pacific Ocean. The geographic research on the unification embracing the concept of time and space can be defined as the geography for unification. The purpose of this study is to elicit the concept and the research field of the geography for unification in the perspective of discourse, investigate the research trends by geographic themes, and suggest the agendas of the geography for future unification.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.33-48
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• 2008

최근 은행의 소유지분한도와 설립자본금 등에 대한 정부의 금융규제 완화로 인터넷전문은행의 설립 가능성이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 우리나라의 전자금융환경은 전자금융거래법 제정에 따라 금융기관의 입증책임을 강화함으로써 금융기관의 전자금융리스크가 상대적으로 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 정보 공격기술 및 수법의 발달로 전자금융보안에 대한 위협이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이외 에도 신BIS 리스크 평가에 IT운영리스크가 포함되는 등 금융환경 변화 및 정보통신 기술의 발전으로 인한 전자금융리스크가 계속 확대되고 있는 추세에 있다. 이러한 금융환경 변화와 함께 서비스채널이 인터넷에 집중되는 인터넷전문은행은 기존의 전통적인 은행과 차별되는 리스크에 추가적으로 노출될 위험성이 높다. 이러한 리스크에 대한 인식 및 대비 부재는 금융소비자가 금융권 전자금융거래에 대한 불신으로 확산되거나, 금융시장의 불안정성을 야기하는 금융사고로 이어져 자칫 국내 전자금융의 발전을 저해하는 심각한 요소가 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내 금융환경과는 차이가 있지만, 인터넷전문은행이 가져올 전자금융의 기술적 변화는 유사하다는 점에서 해외 주요국가의 인터넷전문은행 현황과 전자금융부문을 중심으로 인터넷전문은행 설립인가 사례를 살펴보고, 국내에서 인터넷전문은행 설립시 우리가 취해야 할 입장에 대해 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 그리고 국내 전자금융 환경에서 전통적인 일반은행과 차별되거나 인터넷전문은행 고유의 특성으로 발생되는 주요 전자금융리스크를 다섯 가지로 분석하였고, 이러한 전자금융리스크를 줄이기 위한 대응방안을 모색해 보았다. 정부의 금융규제 완화는 금융자유화를 진전시켜 금융거래가 자유경쟁원리에 입각해 이루어짐에 따라 국민경제의 발전에 있어서 바람직한 결과를 얻고자 하는 것이다. 그러나 다른 한편으로 과도한 리스크에 노출 될 경우에는 금융시장의 불안정성을 야기하고 이로 인해 역 선택과 도덕적 해이를 야기 시키는 등 여러 가지의 폐해를 줄 수도 있다 이러한 폐해를 줄이기 위해서는 인터넷전문은행의 고유한 특성으로 수반되는 리스크와 상대적으로 그 중요성이 부각되는 전자금융리스크에 대한 관리 감독을 강화해야 한다. 또한 이러한 리스크 관리강화를 위한 제도적 장치는 인터넷전문은행의 자율성과 책임성을 부여하는 방향으로 이루어지는 것이 바람직하다. 인터넷전문은행이 실질적으로 다수의 금융이용자에게 다양한 혜택과 효율적인 금융서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 초기 사업계획 심사 단계에서부터 위험성이 크게 증가하는 전자금융리스크에 대해서, 적절한 관리방안 수립을 통해 예상되는 리스크를 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요하다고 생각한다. 그리고 인터넷전문은행에 대한 구체적인 인가요건이 마련되지 못한 현 상황에서, 국내 인터넷전문은행 설립이 우리나라 전자금융거래에 발전적 역할을 할 수 있도록 앞으로 더 많은 논의와 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.423-431
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• 2019

This study examines the effect of the liability limitation provision (LLP) adoption on firm's cost behavior. In April 2011, Korea introduced the LLP with the purpose of improving the management efficiency by mitigating the risks caused by the manager's failure to make decisions related to business operation. However, there are concerns that the adoption of LLP may lead the manager's moral hazard, so the need for empirical research to verify the effect of the LLP adoption is emphasized. In this study, we analyze the effect of the LLP adoption empirically, focusing on the cost behavior that is affected by the manager's decision making. From the empirical result, we find that LLP adopted companies have strengthened the cost stickiness of selling, general, and administrative costs rather than non-adopted companies. This suggests that the manager of LLP adopted company makes a more active decision to consider adjusting costs in order to prepare for future recovery in sales when sales is reduced. This study presents empirical evidence to prove the policy validity of the adoption of LLP, and we expect that our results can contribute to the capital market and academia.