• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.13 no.1 s.28
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2007

Many electric power cables span the sea in Korean archipelago. Lots of shipping routes were established between the islands in the same area and ships frequently sail under the cable which cross the seas. Sometimes electric power cables were accidently broken by sailing ships and catastrophic damage of island industry followed thereby. If navigators have detailed knowledge about the height of electric power cable, the ship's sailing condition will be greatly improved. But at the present time, navigators have limited data about the electric power cable. Those are the horizontal distance between pylons, the height of pylons and minimum height of electric power cable. This study introduced the calculating methodology to find out the height of cable at any position between pylons. The ship's tracks were recorded and traffic safety was assessed by statistical method in relation to cable height.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.677-684
• /
• 2014

In response to possible HNS (Hazardous and Noxious Substance) spill accident, HNS spill accident scenario and response scenario were developed. The accident area listed in scenarios is the coastal area of Busan, and scenario for possible accident in the designated area and strategies to respond the accident were developed, respectively. The scenario for accident was developed by designating HNS spill according to risk evaluation of HNS and analysis of HNS spill probability along the coastal area of Busan, and then estimating possible and potential impact from the accident. The scenario for response has been suggested as a systematical responding operations in order to effectively reduce the estimated impact from the accident. The possible HNS spill accident on the seas around Busan, has been designated by the spillage of 1,000ton of xylene due to collision accident in Gamcheon Port, and the possible impacts occurred by the accident has been simulated with the help of the atmospheric and oceanic dispersion model of xylene. In the responding scenario for the accident, a phased strategies regarding emergency rescue of peoples, protection and recovery of xylene, protective measures for the responders, and post management of the accident have been suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2014.10a
• /
• pp.18-19
• /
• 2014

NORWAY 해역에서 시추 및 생산 작업을 위한 시추선 및 생산 설비의 경우, 엄격한 기준인 NORSOK 기준을 만족해야 한다. NORSOK 기준은 선원들의 안전과 안락성을 위한 Working Environment 만족을 요구하고 있다. 특히 선원들의 거주구역에 안락성은 더욱 중요시되고 소음의 기준을 제시하고 만족을 요구한다. Cabin Unit 이 적용되는 선박의 경우 실선과 동일 조건의 Mock Up 을 제작하여 차음성능 계측 및 평가를 실시한다. 본 논문에서는 NORSOK 이 적용되는 선박의 Cabin Unit 의 Mock Up 차음성능 만족 사례를 소개하고자 한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.208-216
• /
• 2023

In this study, using the Delphi method, 20 responses to 4 questions (need for launch safety control, top-priority considerations for ensuring public safety during launch, necessary improvements for securing maritime safety, and maritime safety threat factors) regarding launch vehicles and public safety were obtained from experts, and their importance was evaluated to analyze the factors that threaten the reinforcement of maritime safety around launch sites and flight paths when launching. According to the results of an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis, the consistency ratio of the four questions was 4.8%, which is lower than CR ≤ 0.1(10%), and the consistency percentage of the lower measurement indicators was 3.9~5.7%. The derived importance and priority of maritime safety threat factors during launching were in the following order: Substantial human and physical damage in case of launch accidents(0.36), Prepare legal bases (e.g., penalty details) regarding maritime control(0.32), Secure the safety of personnel, equipment, and facilities in danger zone(0.31), Unauthorized entry of vessels in maritime control zones and non-compliance to restrictions(0.30). This article can serve as a reference for strengthening maritime safety in areas around launch sites and flight paths.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.344-352
• /
• 2019

A coupled analysis was performed between the riser to develop oil and gas in ultra-deepwater and the moored floating body. In general, the safety of the riser is conservatively evaluated by considering the maximum offset excluding the coupled analysis with the floating body. In this study, the safety of the riser was analyzed by considering the coupled motion analysis of the moored floating body. The riser is considered steel lazy wave riser (SLWR) applied in the deep sea, and the floating body is determined to FPSO. The methodology was presented on coupled and uncoupled analysis. The coupled effects were analyzed according to the incident wave headings in intact and damaged conditions of mooring lines. The tension of mooring lines, the motion of the floating body, and riser responses were analyzed according to the loading conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 2018

The ship's chart system was changed from the use of paper chart to the ENC (Electronic Navigational Chart) using ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System). The introduction of ENC in ships is necessary for ship automation and for the digitalizing of data and integration of information, but unexpected various problems have occurred and are posing a great threat to safe navigation in the transitional period when the new system has been applied to the sea. In this paper, to assess whether ECDIS contributes to the safety of navigation for its intended purposes as new navigation equipment, a usability test of ECDIS was conducted on masters and crew who have used ECDIS on ocean-going vessels. The result was verified with a paired sample T-test, and it was significantly analyzed with the effectiveness of a simplified task; cost efficiency was decreased since ECDIS was used. By analyzing 'MSC.1/Circ.1503 ECDIS - Guidance for good practice', we found that the effects of the maintenance of ECDIS software, operating anomalies identified within ECDIS, differences between raster chart display system (RCDS) and ECDIS, and matters of identification were compounded by the overlapping information on the safety of ships. The anomalies were also grouped according to their characteristics, and we proposed suitable improvements accordingly. The reason for the reduction in efficiency in the usability test was that the problems with ECDIS were intended to be solved only with the careful use of navigational officers who did not have systematic solutions. To solve these problems, the maintenance of software, the improvement of ECDIS anomalies, the reliable ENC issuance including the global oceans, and S-mode development are a priority.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2023.11a
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2023

현대 사회에서 해상 운송은 전체 화물 운송의 약 80%를 차지하는 국제 무역 및 경제 활동의 핵심적인 요소이다. 이에 따라 선박 교통 관제는 해상 안전과 운송 효율성을 향상시키는 데 있어 아주 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다. 보다 안전한 해상 운송을 지속하기 위해서는 효율적이고 스마트한 선박 교통 관제 시스템이 필수적이므로 본 연구에서는 선박 교통 관제 시스템인 VTS 운용 콘솔 상 해상교통위험도를 시각화하는 것을 제안한다. 우선, 현 관제사를 대상으로 시선 추적 실험을 실시함으로써 관제사의 시선 분포를 통해 주요 관찰 대상과 작업 우선순위 등을 살펴보았다. 이후 동일한 해역에 동일한 시간대의 교통 밀도와 해상 교통 위험도를 정량적으로 평가하고, 이를 관제사의 시선 추적 데이터와 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 객관적인 데이터를 활용하여 관제사의 의사 결정과 수행 업무를 지원하는 것이 해상 교통 관리의 효율성과 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 미래에 보다 안전하고 효율적인 해상 운송 시스템의 구현을 위한 실질적인 기여가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2022

The effect of sediments in a waste dumping area on marine organisms was evaluated using sediment toxicity tests with a benthic amphipod (Monocorophium acherusicum) and bioluminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri) in accordance with the Korean Standard Method for Marine Wastes (KSMMW). Nine sites in the East Sea-Byeong, East Sea-Jeong, and Yellow Sea-Byeong areas were sampled from 2016 to 2019. The test results showed that the relative average survival rate (benthic amphipods) and relative luminescence inhibition rate (luminescent bacteria) were below 30%, which were judged to be "non-toxic." However, in the t-test, a total of 12 benthic amphipod samples (6, 1, 1, and 4 in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively) were significantly different (p<0.05) from the control samples. To identify the source of toxicity on benthic amphipods, a simple linear regression analysis was performed between the levels of eight heavy metals (Cr, As, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg) in sediments and the relative average survival rate. The results indicated that Cr had the highest contribution to the toxicity of benthic amphipods (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.355). In addition, Cr was detected at the highest concentration at the DB-85 station and exceeded the Marine Environment Standards every year. Although the sediments were determined as "not toxic" according to the ecotoxicity criteria of the KSMMW, the results of the statistical significance tests and toxicity identification evaluation indicated that the toxic effect was not acceptable. Therefore, revising the criteria for determining the toxic effect by deriving a reference value through quantitative risk assessment using species sensitivity distribution curves is necessary in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2016

For the hygienic production of oyster at Goseong bay, this study investigated the marine bacteriological condition of the area from 2008 to April 2009. Average seawater temperature and salinity ranged $2.8-19.3.0^{\circ}C$ and 32.61-34.91 psu, respectively. The coliform group and fecal coliform of seawater ranged < 1.8-4,900 MPN/100 mL and < 1.8-700 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The coliform group of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) ranged < 1.8-13,000 MPN/100 g. Fecal coliform of oyster ranged and < 1.8-310 MPN/100 g. Only one of 140 samples was exceeded in the U.S NSSP standard (> 230 MPN/100 g) of fecal coliform. Fecal coliform in seawater was on the level of clean sea, below the U.S. NSSP standards, and the contents of fecal coliform and heavy metals in cultured oyster were also below the U.S. NSSP, heavy metal standards, showing that the sea area is bacteriologically safe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

Using field observations, this study estimated the total weight and types of marine debris along the coast of Jinu Island in the Nakdong River Estuary after typhoons Usagi and Nari had passed. A numerical wave model was used to calculate the spatial wave height distribution at the time of the typhoons' passage. This study found that the total accumulation rate of marine debris deposited on the coast after the two typhoons had passed was about $5,769.86\;kg/km^2/day$ at this site, which was 14.42 times as high as that in normal weather. The wave height distribution in the sea off Jinu Island, based on numerical modeling, was $4.1{\sim}3.5\;m$, which was 1.0-2.5 times greater than for the case of other islands. Therefore, it is likely that the concentration of wave energy led to the deposition of marine debris.