• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.183-189
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• 2004

Deep ocean water is located in the sea deeper than 200m. At such depth the solar light does not reach, photosynthesis is not performed and nutrition salt is not consumed. Therefore, campared with surface water, Deep Sea Water contains more nutrition salt, such as nitrogen and phosphor. Moreover, it has the good balance of minerals. This Research is primary attempt for apply deep sea water to food industry. New type of mineral salt manufacturing system was developed and high levels of Ca, K, Mg detected from the salt analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2011

Deep seawater (DSW) generally refers to seawater at depths equal to or greater than 200 meters. DSW is rich in inorganic materials which have attracted attention for its various applications. In this study we investigated the effects of the DSW upwelled from the East Sea, offshore Yang Yang (KangWon-do, Korea), on the expression of ${\mu}$-opioid receptor (MOR) of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Neurons were grown in a minimal essential medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum and either 25% (v/v) distilled water, or hardness (H) 800, or H 1000 DSW. Cultures grown in the presence of DSW with H 800 and H 1000 exhibited robust MOR immunoreactive signals in both neurons and astrocytes. Interestingly, the increase in MOR immunoreactive signals was more dramatic in astrocytes than in neurons. Statistical analysis revealed that the relative intensities for MOR clusters increased approximately 4-fold in astrocytes cultured in H 800 and H 1000 media. These increases were statistically very significant (p<0.001). In contrast, the increase in intensities for MOR immunoreactive signals was relatively less dramatic in neurons, where only the increase in the H 1000 culture was statistically very significant (p<0.001). These results indicated that DSW promotes expression of MOR in both neurons and astrocytes, and more significantly in the latter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.1 s.22
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• pp.77-82
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• 2005

In order to investigate the initial stage of deep water formation between Vladivostok and the subpolar front in the East Sea, the factors, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, measured by multi-ship surveys in ]969 have been used. Deep water formation in the .cast Sea occurs in essentially two different forms: near continent and open ocean formation. The position of eddy derived from potential vorticity matches well with that of deep water formation. The vertical and horizontal distributions of potential vorticity, geostrophic current, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen give clues for the preconditioning phase qf open ocean formation like a doming of isotherm, associated with a cyclonic circulation.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.34-41
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• 2008

As a basic study for developing a forecasting/estimating system that predicts water quality changes when Deep Sea Water (DSW) drains to the ocean after using it, this study was carried out as follows: 1) numerical simulation of the present state at DSW developing region in the East sea using SWEM, 2) numerical prediction of water quality changes by effluent DSW, 3) analysis of influence degree 'With defined DEI (DSW effect index) at F station. On the whole, when DSW drained to the ocean, Chl-a, COD and water-temperature were decreased and DIN, DIP and DO were increased by effluent DSW, and Salinity was steady. According to analysis of influence degree, the influence degree of DIN was the highest and it was high in order of Chl-a, COD, Water-temperature, DO, DIP and Salinity. The influence degree classified by DSW effluent position was predicted that suiface outflow was lower than bottom outflow. Ad When DSW discharge increased 10 times, the influence degree increased about $5{\sim}14$ times.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.163-168
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• 2006

In order to develop the deep ocean water, we performed to study the characteristics of vertical distribution of dissolved trace metals(Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) from Apr. to Oct., 2005 in the East Sea. Total six sampling sites were selected in Gangwon-Do and Gyeongsanbuk-Do. Accuracy of the analytical procedures was assessed by the SRM(CASS-4) for dissolved metals in seawater. The mean recoveries of CASS-4 ranged from 89.4% for Co to 99.8% for Cd. In this study, the dissolved metal concentrations varied with space, time and element. The metal concentrations showed wide range in the surface. Cd, Ni and Zn showed a nutrient-type profile with surface depletion and enrichment at depth. However, Co, Cu and Pb were irregular in the vertical distribution. All metal concentrations studied in this study are lower than the criteria of Korean drinking water.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.331-335
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of deep sea water on fruit quality and yield of tomato. In the deep sea water treatments, fruit growth and weight were decreased as the concentration of deep sea water increased. Especially, the fresh weight of second truss was decreased significantly than first truss. Soluble solid content was increased significantly in higher concentration treatment especially at 30mM and 40mM treatment. That was increased more in the first than in the second truss fruits. Most of hexose in fruits were glucose and fructose. The reason of increased glucose and fructose contents was the decline of growth because of salinity stress by deep sea water treatment. however deep sea water treatment increased the lycopene content, especially in 20mM treatment. It is assumed that deep sea water treatment cause induction and promotion of ethylene. The higher concentration of deep sea water to the solution, the eater fruit quality improvement was noticed. However, proportional yield reduction accompanied concentration, 20mM deep sea water improved fruit quality without a significant yield reduction. The Re content was the highest among ginsenosides in all treatments. The contents total of ginsenosides in all treatments, except EC 8 treatment, was higher than those in the controlled treatment. The PT/PD value was 1.31 of the lowest in the EC 8 treatment and was 2.52 of the highest in the EC6 treatment. Rf contents in high increase was detected at all treated ginseng roots.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.274-279
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• 2008

This study investigated the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of soybean sauce (kanjang) supplemented with deep sea water and Sea Tangle. The Ames test indicated that kanjang had no mutagenicity but it significantly inhibited mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Kanjang (200 ug/plate) with supplementary deep sea water and Sea Tangle had approximately 90.9% and 62.0% inhibitory effect, respectively, against mutagenesis of TA100 induced by MNNG and 4NQO. There was 61.7% inhibition of mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against the TA98 strain. Kanjang inhibited growth of cell lines of human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549), and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with kanjang supplemented with 1.0 mg/mL deep sea water had cytotoxicities of 69.4% 70.5% 55.6% 82.1 % and 73.2% against HeLa, Hep3B, AGS, A549 and MCF-7 cells respectively. In contrast kanjang supplemented with 1 mg/mL deep sea water had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on normal human embryonal kidney cells (293). Kanjang supplemented with deep sea water significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice injected sarcoma-180 cells. In particular, kanjang supplemented with deep sea water (25 mg/kg) inhibited tumor cell activity by 40.9%.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2004

Deep Ocean Water (DOW) is formed within restricted area including polar sea (high latitude) by cooling of surface seawater and globally circulating in the state of isolation from surface seawater. Although it is not as obvious as estuaries mixing, brine ground water is mixture of recirculated seawater and ground water. Seawater having high osmotic pressure infiltrates into an aquifer which is connected to the sea. In order to clarify the characteristics of deep ocean water and brine ground water, we investigated their origins, chemical compositions, water qualities and resources stabilities. While concentrations of stable isotopes (/sup 18/O and ²H) in seawater is 0‰, those in brine ground water is on meteoric water line or shifted toward oxygen line. It means that origin of brine ground water is different than that of deep ocean water. The ions dissolved in seawater (Na, Ca, Mg, K) are present in constant proportions to each other and to the total salt content of seawater. However deviations in ion proportions have been observed in some brine ground water. Some causes of these exception to the rule of constant proportions are due to many chemical reactions between periphery soil and ground water. While DOW has a large quantity of functional trace metals and biological affinity relative to brine ground water, DOW has relatively small amount of harmful bacteria and artificial pollutants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.270-273
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• 2002

천연적인 용승현상이 발생하는 지역은 청결하고 풍부한 염양염류와 낮은 수온을 가진 심층수에 의해 좋은 어장을 형성한다. 그러므로, 전체 해양면적의 0.1%에 해당하는 천연용승 발생 지역에서 어획량은 전체의 거의 절반을 차지한다. 이러한 심충수를 인공적으로 끌어올리기 위해 파랑에너지를 이용하는 인공용승장치 에 관한 연구가 최근에 시도되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1479-1484
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• 2008

Deep seawater (DSW) refers to water extracted from the ocean, usually at depths of 200 meters or more, which is rich in inorganic materials and has attracted attention for various applications. We investigated the effects of the DSW on the synaptic maturation of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Immunocytochemical examination of DIV21 showed that PSD-95, $\alpha$CaMKII, and synGAP$\alpha1$clusters were strengthened and coupling rates of SV2 and NR2B were significantly increased in neurons grown in the presence of H-800 and H-1000 DSW. Our results indicate that DSW promotes the formation of excitatory postsynaptic signal transduction complexes NRC/MASC and functional synapses.