Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.2.176

Effect of Deep Seawater on Expression of μ-Opioid Receptor in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons  

Moon, Il-Soo (Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine)
Kim, Seong-Ho (Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Life Science / v.21, no.2, 2011 , pp. 176-182 More about this Journal
Abstract
Deep seawater (DSW) generally refers to seawater at depths equal to or greater than 200 meters. DSW is rich in inorganic materials which have attracted attention for its various applications. In this study we investigated the effects of the DSW upwelled from the East Sea, offshore Yang Yang (KangWon-do, Korea), on the expression of ${\mu}$-opioid receptor (MOR) of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Neurons were grown in a minimal essential medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum and either 25% (v/v) distilled water, or hardness (H) 800, or H 1000 DSW. Cultures grown in the presence of DSW with H 800 and H 1000 exhibited robust MOR immunoreactive signals in both neurons and astrocytes. Interestingly, the increase in MOR immunoreactive signals was more dramatic in astrocytes than in neurons. Statistical analysis revealed that the relative intensities for MOR clusters increased approximately 4-fold in astrocytes cultured in H 800 and H 1000 media. These increases were statistically very significant (p<0.001). In contrast, the increase in intensities for MOR immunoreactive signals was relatively less dramatic in neurons, where only the increase in the H 1000 culture was statistically very significant (p<0.001). These results indicated that DSW promotes expression of MOR in both neurons and astrocytes, and more significantly in the latter.
Keywords
Deep seawater; hippocampal neuron; mu-opioid receptor; astrocytes; fibromyalgia;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ruzicka, B. B., C. A. Fox, R. C. Thompson, F. Meng, S. J. Watson, and H. Akil. 1995. Primary astroglial cultures derived from several rat brain regions differentially express mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor mRNA. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 34, 209-220.   DOI
2 Shon, Y. H., M. K. Kim, J. S. Jang, E. J. Jung, and K. S. Nam. 2008. Effect of deep sea water on phase I, phase II and ornithine decarboxylase. J. Life Sci. 18, 381-386.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
3 Sivilotti, L. G., G. Gerber, B. Rawat, and C. J. Woolf. 1995. Morphine selectively depresses the slowest, NMDA-independent component of C-fibre-evoked synaptic activity in the rat spinal cord in vitro. Eur. J. Neurosci. 7, 12-18.   DOI
4 Sluka, K. A., A. Kalra, and S. A. Moore. 2001. Unilateral intramuscular injections of acidic saline produce a bilateral, long-lasting hyperalgesia. Muscle Nerve 24, 37-46.   DOI
5 Stiene-Martin, A., R. Zhou, and K. F. Hauser. 1998. Regional, developmental, and cell cycle-dependent differences in mu, delta, and kappa-opioid receptor expression among cultured mouse astrocytes. Glia 22, 249-259.   DOI
6 Vaughan, C. W. and M. J. Christie. 1997. Presynaptic inhibitory action of opioids on synaptic transmission in the rat periaqueductal grey in vitro. J. Physiol. 498, 463-472.   DOI
7 Yoshioka, S., A. Hamada, T. Cui, J. Yokota, S. Yamamoto, M. Kusunose, M. Miyamura, S. Kyotani, R. Kaneda, Y. Tsutsui, K. Odani, I. Odani, and Y. Nishioka. 2003. Pharmacological activity of deep-sea water: examination of hyperlipemia prevention and medical treatment effect. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26, 1552-1559.   DOI
8 Zhang, K. M., X. M. Wang, and S. S. Mokha. 1996. Opioids modulate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-evoked responses of neurons in the superficial and deeper dorsal horn of the medulla (trigeminal nucleus caudalis). Brain Res. 719, 229-233.   DOI
9 Gracy, K. N., A. L. Svingos, and V. M. Pickel. 1997. Dual ultrastructural localization of mu-opioid receptors and NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the shell of the rat nucleus accumbens. J. Neurosci. 17, 4839-4848.
10 Hachmuth, C. 1991. On the properties of deep seawater at Keahole point. In: Proceeding of the International Forum on Deep Sea Water, pp. 46-49, Japan.
11 Katsuda, S., T. Yasukawa, K. Nakagawa, M. Miyake, M. Yamasaki, K. Katahira, M. Mohri, T. Shimizu, and A. Hazama. 2008. Deep-sea water improves cardiovascular hemodynamics in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-Hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31, 38-44.   DOI
12 Kim, S. H., N. H. Choi, I. S. Park, and K. S. Nam. 2008. Serotonin changes in specific brain regions of fibromyalgia animal model after deep-sea water drinking. J. Korean Rheumat. Assoc. 15, 110-117.   DOI
13 Kim, S. H., H. Lee, K. S. Nam, Y. H. Shon, and I. S. Moon. 2008. Promotion of synaptic maturation by deep seawater in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. J. Life Sci. 18, 1479-1484.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
14 Lee, H., K. S. Nam, Y. H. Shon, and I. S. Moon. 2008. Deep seawater increases dendritic branches of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. J. Life Sci. 18, 897-901.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
15 Mao, J. 1990. NMDA and opioid receptors: their interactions in antinociception, tolerance and neuroplasticity. Brain Res. Rev. 30, 289-304.
16 Miyamura, M., S. Yoshioka, A. Hamada, D. Takuma, J. Yokota, M. Kusunose, S. Kyotani, H. Kawakita, K. Odani, Y. Tsutsui, and Y. Nishioka. 2004. Difference between deep seawater and surface seawater in the preventive effect of atherosclerosis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27, 1784-1787.   DOI
17 Moon, I. S., S. J. Cho, I. Jin, and R. A. Walikonis. 2007. A simple method for combined fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Mol. Cells 24, 76-82.
18 Eriksson, P. S., E. Hansson, and L. Ronnback. 1991. Mu and delta opiate receptors in neuronal and astroglial primary cultures from various regions of the brain--coupling with adenylate cyclase, localisation on the same neurones and association with dopamine (D1) receptor adenylate cyclase. Neuropharmacol. 30, 1233-1239.   DOI
19 Brewer, G. J., J. R. Torricelli, E. K. Evege, and P. J. Price. 1993. Optimized survival of hippocampal neurons in B27-supplemented Neurobasal, a new serum-free medium combination. J. Neurosci. Res. 35, 567-576.   DOI
20 Chapman, V., J. E. Haley, and A. H. Dickenson. 1994. Electrophysiologic analysis of preemptive effects of spinal opioids on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated events. Anesthesiol. 81, 1429-1435.   DOI
21 Goslin, K., H. Asmussen, and G. Banker. 1998. Rat hippocampal neurons in low-density culture, pp. 339-370, In Banker, G. and K. Goslin (eds.), Culturing nerve cells. MIT Press, Cambridge.