• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.281-281
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2008

Intense competition for resources has forced many countries pay attention to their eyes to the ocean. Therefore, the disputes and the conflict over the delimitation of the EEZ and continental shelf will be sharpened. Since 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, Korea has opened the talks with Japan and China to discuss the boundary issues as the adjacent water zone is less than 400 miles between Korea and Japan and Korea and China. This study is to review the important rules and techniques for the delimitation of the maritime boundary which have defined in the Law of the Sea Convention and IHO-51 technical guide and to figure out how to build the maritime delimitation GIS DB to negotiate effectively with the neighboring countries. Definition of the base point and baseline will be the utmost important concept to delimit the ocean boundary. The policy makers and the specialists who prepare for the international negotiation meeting between the countries have to be ready to draw the maritime boundary for our best interest under the Law of the Sea Convention. The negotiation strategies and the principles can be made with the concrete and reliable database relevant to maritime boundary issues. So effective and fast strategic decision for negotiation can only be made based on maritime boundary delimitation GIS DB.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.914-928
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• 2013

Establishment of limits and names for oceans and seas is necessary for a safety of navigation. Even if there are no national and international standard for the delimitation of sea boundaries, we can take guidelines for the delimitation of sea boundaries through the analysis of IHO official publications, Limits and Names for Oceans and Sea; S-23. This paper shows the changes of the spatial limit of seas since first edition publication, and the standards for a delimitation of oceans and seas were analyzed using S-23 4th edition draft(2002) in terms of physical geographic features. The generic terms of S-23 include Ocean, Sea, Channel, Passage, Strait, Sound, Gulf, Bay and Bight, and each generic term shows hierarchical structures. Several seas show different characteristics compared with definitions of IHO dictionary. Sea boundaries are delimited by longitude and latitude, cape, river mouth, sandbar, and so on. Undersea features such as a shelf, trench, trough, rise, bank and reef are also important features for delimitation of sea boundary. Especially, seas that are delimited by undersea feature are mainly located Arctic and Southern ocean area in S-23 4th edition. Advanced knowledge of marine science with a technical advance might affect to delimit for sea boundary.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2012

Recently, local governments in Korea are promoting the rapid development of marine for delineating jurisdictional sea area. The importance of a maritime boundary has being emphasized, as jurisdictional sea area disputes among local governments have been increasing. The absence of the delineating standard of maritime boundary has become a source of contention between neighborhood local governments. So the delineating standard of maritime boundary in Korea will be required. The purpose of this study is to derive an improvement plan for the scientific delimitation standard of maritime boundary by analyzing "A hydrographic survey guideline for confirmation of maritime boundary". The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, we defined the concept of the delimitation standard of maritime boundary. Secondly, we set the boundary, factors and processes of the delineating standard of maritime boundary through classifying them in detail. Lastly, we suggested the makeup of a conflict adjustment committee for preventing jurisdictional sea area disputes among local governments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.183-188
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• 2008

본 연구의 주요 목적은 기존의 연구에서 구축된 배타적 경제수역(EEZ) 해양자원정보시스템(MRIS)을 근간으로 다양한 해양자원의 정보를 효율적으로 표출하고 EEZ 관련 의사지원과 정책결정을 위한 GIS기반의 EEZ 정책결정지원시스템을 개발에 있다. 이를 위하여 기존에 구축된 MRIS를 이용하여 분산되어 관리되던 기존의 데이터와 매년 탐사 과정을 거쳐 추가되는 데이터의 관리를 위한 표준화를 수립하고 관리방안을 확정하였다. 또한, 기존에 개발된 다양한 해양데이터의 표출방안을 이용하여 EEZ 경계획정 협상 및 정책 결정에 있어 실질적 판단근거가 되는 EEZ에 대한 법령과 각국의 정책 및 EEZ 경계획정 사례 등을 데이터베이스화하였다. 나아가 GIS를 이용하여 표출된 공간데이터를 다양한 공간 검색과 공간분석 기능을 이용하여 분석함으로써 과학적인 방법으로 EEZ에 대한 중요정책 결정에도 활용하도록 하였다. 본 시스템을 이용하여 향후 EEZ 내 자원분포 및 지 역 별 경제성 비교와 쟁점지역에 대한 정확한 분석이 가능함에 따라 국가 간 협상에서 우리나라에 보다 유리한 협상결과를 도출하는데 기여가 클 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 주변국과 경계획정에 있어 유리한 협상 결과를 도출하기 위한 제반 정보의 제공과 함께 보다 효율적인 정책 수립을 위한 다양한 의사결정의 지원이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2005

The general rule of boundary delimitation is the principle of equidistance. The principle of equidistance is a method that determine boundary delimitation from the fixed distant of baseline or basepoint. But there is no artificial and natural object in the sea to determine boundary. And the principle of equidistant can't be applied in every cases, because of the local characteristic of ground. In this paper, we suggest Three-Point Algorithm which is effective algorithm for maritime boundary delimitation. And the main objective of this study is to get capability of maritime boundary delimitation technique.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2007

There has been increasing concerns regarding marine mineral resources as the land energy resources has been depleting from worldwide energy crisis. Also, all the coastal countries around the world are getting into the high competition as EEZ implemented to widen each country's marine autonomy. Especially, the adoption of EEZ in UN's marine regulation agreement at the January of 1996 has aggravated conflicts among coastal countries and eventually resulted in critical agenda to determine the boundaries of EEZ among such countries. It is imperative for us to have negotiation with neighboring countries to determine the boundaries of EEZ. For the preparation of such negotiation, it is essential to have data such as mineral distribution, deep-sea geology, related agreement and marine laws, etc. Therefore, this study mainly concentrates on analyzing existing data of resources exploration and establishing standards for each type of data and manipulating data based on such standards, thereby building a database for more efficient management of EEZ data from marine resources survey. MRIS has also been developed to diversely analyze and visualize graphic and attribute data considering data usage and inter-relationship in the database. This system can provide various spatial analysis and spatial searching techniques to enable easier comparison of cost-benefit analysis and data provision of any area in EEZ thereby facilitating major policy making. In addition, the system can support sustainable management of marine resources of EEZ regions and data supply for systematic management of national marine resources. Furthermore, this will be very useful for negotiating with neighboring countries to determine EEZ boundaries to lead more favorable results.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.331-342
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• 2008

The countries are trying to expand the sea limit such as the territorial sea, fishing zone or the exclusive economic zone as far as the Law of the Sea permit to do for the benefit of their national interest. Especially, they are eager to claim the base point where it locates far from the coastline even if it is uninhabited island or reef under the sea. The baseline has been claimed to maximize the territorial sea. Another way to expand the sea limit is to lower the vertical datum to change the land limit. China claimed Dongdo which is located about 79 miles far from the coast as the base point. Japan also claimed many uninhabited island or the reef which is located very far from the coast such as Okino Dorishima. As Korea is the party who negotiate the maritime limit with Japan and China, we should be keen and sensitive on the issues claimed by neighboring countries in terms of base point and the baseline. This paper is to review the characteristics of the base points or baselines of neighboring countries and to suggest the views how to maintain and to relocate our base points. As western coast of Korean peninsula is one of the largest tide fluctuation zone in the world, with long tidal record to prove the vertical datum adjustment, Korea can find the way to lower the vertical datum especially in Yellow Sea. So, major and critical tidal station has to be set up along the western coast to verify tide fluctuation record which can be met with international standard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 2023

Sea level rise due to climate change is an increasing concern for the international community, and especially for coastal States. In case of regression of the coastal line or inundations of maritime features, including islands, the questions of whether coastal States are under an obligation to redraw their baseline and the outer limits of their maritime jurisdiction and of whether the existing maritime boundary treaties should be terminated are raised. This article reviews the arguments raised by the Small Island Developing States, International Law Association, and International Law Commission and suggests a solution within the current legal framework of the Law of the Sea through an interpretation of the existing provisions of the UNCLOS focusing on the legal issues relating to the Law of the Sea.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.669-678
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• 2004

Coastal states are adopting maritime boundary delimitation as their primary maritime policy because maritime jurisdiction directly relates to vast economic interest. This becomes specially important and sensitive when complex maritime boundary issues are involved between neighboring coastal states. China has not actively carried out nor declared maritime boundary delimitation until recently with any country except Agreement between China and Viet Nam on the demarcation of the territorial water, the exclusive economic zones and the continental shelf of China and Vet Nam in the Gulf of Tonkin on 25 December 2000 (hereinafter, the Gulf of Tonkin Agreement). The principles that governs maritime boundary delimitation are to consider primarily an agreement between States concerned, however, if no agreement can be reached, all relevant circumstances are considered to achieve an equity between concerned States. Relevant circumstances are length of coastline, form of coastline, existence and position of island or islands, speciality of geology/topography, and factor of economy and deffnce. Factors which sinologists are considering in regard to continental shelf delimitation of the Yellow Sea are as follows; i) geographical factor, ii) geological factor, iii) topographical factor, iv) environment and ecological (factor, v) historic interest, and vi) social and economic interest. The 'Gulf of Tonkin Agreement' is completed by basically applying the principle of delimitation according to median line which seems that China has adopted the maritime boundary delimitation principle of 'half and half' which was the intention of chinese government. At the same time, China recognized Viet Nam's dominion and sovereign right over the partial exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of Dao Bach Long Vi in Gulf of Tonkin. This case can be considered as an example of mutual concession or compromise in delimiting maritime boundary for states of concerned.