• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol, total flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of 80% ethanolic extract from Ixeris dentata Nakai(IDE) as well as to assess the lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. The results demonstrated that the total phenolic and flavonoids contents of the IDE were $4.01{\pm}0.63$ GAE mg/g and $0.05{\pm}0.01$ RE mg/g, respectively. The antioxidative activities of the IDE were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner on DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS(2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt) radical scavenging, reducing power value. During adipocyte differentiation, IDE significantly inhibited lipid accumulation compared with the control cells. These results indicated that the anti-adipogenesis effect of Ixeris dentata Nakai could be attributed to phenolic compounds that may potentially inhibit ROS(reactive oxygen species) production.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.637-643
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• 2013

Daesiho-tang (DST), Yijin-tang (YJT), Gyeoneumjisil-hwan (GJH), Ukdam-hwan (UDH), and Sojojung-tang (SJT) have been used to treat hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate whether five formulas were effective for improving obesity in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. The mice were divided into seven groups: (1) a normal diet (ND), (2) a high fat diet (HFD) (3) a HFD plus DST (HFD + DST), (4) a HFD plus YJT (HFD + YJT), (5) a HFD plus GJH (HFD + GJH), (6) a HFD plus UDH (HFD + UDH), or (7) HFD plus SJT (HFD + SJT) at 150 mg/kg/day for 7 weeks. All five formulas treatments significantly lowered blood pressure, final liver weights, and serum total triglyceride levels. The four formulas (HFD+DST, HFD+YJT, HFD+UDH, and HFD+SJT) decreased body weights. Also, HFD+DST, HFD+YJT, and HFD+UDH groups reduced abdominal and epididymal fat weights. The serum LDL-cholesterol levels were decreased in HFD+YJT, HFD+UDH, and HFD+SJT groups compared to the HFD group. These results demonstrate that five formulas ameliorated obesity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.44-52
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• 2013

Objectives : Samhwangsasim-tang (SST), Hwangryeonhaedok-tang (HHT), Ukgan-san (UGS), Onjunghwadam-hwan (OHH) and Samul-tang (SMT) have been used for the treatment of various diseases. This study was performed to compare the anti-obesity effects of 5 herbal formulas in high fat diet-(HFD) induced obese mice. Methods : The mice were randomly divided into seven groups that were fed a normal diet (ND), a HFD, a HFD plus SST (HFD + SST), a HFD plus HHT (HFD + HHT), a HFD plus UGS (HFD + UGS), a HFD plus OHH (HFD + OHH), or HFD plus SMT (HFD + SMT) at 300 mg/kg/day for 7 weeks. All groups were assayed for body weights, food efficiency ratio (FER), final liver and fat weight and blood biochemical parameters. Results : The increased body weights, food efficiency ratio (FER), and serum total triglyceride were decreased in HFD + OHH group relative to the same measurements in HFD group. Furthermore, the HFD + SST group significantly reduced FER, liver and abdominal subcutaneous fat weight gains, and serum total triglyceride, whereas HDL-cholesterol level was increased compared to HFD group. Conclusions : These results suggested that HFD + OHH and HFD + SST exert anti-obesity effects in HFD-induced obese mice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of extracts from Geranium thunbergii (GT) in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups [normal diet, high fat diet, MeOH extract of GT (GTM), and BuOH fraction of GT (GTB)] and GT samples were treated with dose of 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks. It was observed that GTB-treated group significantly reduced body weight gain, food intake, epididymal fat weight, and triglyceride level in serum and liver compared to control group. The rats fed GTB also decreased contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxyl radical, and xanthin oxidase (XO) increased by high fat diet. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were increased by GTB treatment. The experimental results indicate that GTB has anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, as well as radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.322-329
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• 2015

Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense are often used in treatment of human diseases such as hemorrhage, blood congestion and inflammation in Korea. However, there was not report on the anti-obesity efficacy of water extracts from different organs of C. japonicum var. ussuriense. Here, we investigated the antioxidant effects of water extracts of flowers, leaves and roots from C. japonicum var. ussuriense. Total polyphenol amounts of the flower extract showed higher than those of leaf and root extract. Flower extract also showed the high antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. We also investigated the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of flowers, leaves and roots from C. japonicum var. ussuriense in 3T3-L1 cells and high fat diet-induced obesity mice. The mice were divided into four groups [high fat diet (HFD) control, HFD + leaf extract, HFD + flower extract and root extract] and administered with each extract (200 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. The flower and leaf extract significantly suppressed the levels of oil red O and triglyceride content. The flower and leaf extract also significantly reduced the triglyceride, total cholesterol and lower density lipoprotein levels of plasma as well as body and abdominal fat weight. Furthermore, oral glucose tolerance in the flower and leaf extract groups were significantly ameliorated in comparison to the high fat diet group. Therefore, these results indicate that the flower and leaf extract could ameliorate obesity and attenuate blood glucose level in high fat diet-induced obesity mice. We conclude that this study may provide positive insights into water extracts of flowers and leaves from C. japonicum var. ussuriense as a functional food ingredient for treatment of obesity.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.17-30
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• 2013

Objectives This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Mulberry leaves contained herbal mixture (MLHM) on body weight, serum lipid level and adipocyte differentiation in high fat diet-fed obese mice. Methods Four-week old mice (wild-type C57/BL6) were used for all experiments. Cells were incubated with MLHM at the indicated concentration (0.04-4mg/ml) for 24h, and growth rate was assessed by MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated in DMEM for 2 days with the indicated concentrations of MLHM, and on Day 6, the cells were fixed and the cellular lipid contents were assessed by Oil-Red-O staining. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ (PPAR ${\gamma}$) and cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$ (C/EBP ${\alpha}$) as adipocyte-specific proteins were determined by real time RT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, body weight gain and serum lipid levels were measured in the mice with obesity induced by the high fat-diet for four weeks. Results Though MLHM did not show toxicity even at the concentration of 4mg/ml, MLHM significantly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocites in a dose-dependent manner. Also, MLHM significantly reduced the expressions of PPAR ${\gamma}$ and C/EBP ${\alpha}$ in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MLHM significantly reduced body weight gain and LDL-cholesterol contents in high fat diet-fed obese mice. Conclusions These results demonstrate that MLHM exerts anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 cells and mice with obesity by high-fat diet.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2014

Obesity is a worldwide problem that contributes to serious diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Recently, much research has examined functional natural materials and their anti-obesity activity. This study investigated the effect of enzyme-treated Ecklonia cava extracts on mice fed a high fat diet. To test the anti-obesity effects of a diet containing the enzyme-treated E. cava extracts (EEc), C57BL/6NTacSam mice were divided into six groups : normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat with Garcinia extract diet (GHD), and three high-fat with EEc diet (EHD250, EHD500, and EHD1000) groups. After 9 weeks, body weight was increased significantly in the HFD group compared to all of the EHD groups, and the weights of the liver, perirenal fat and epididymal fat paralleled the increase in body weight. The serum GOT, GPT, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were lower in the EHD1000 group than in the HFD group. The glucose and leptin concentrations were lowest in the EHD1000 group and C/EBP family expression was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that E. cava extracts not only have anti-oxidation functions but also anti-obesity effects.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2006

Misaengtang (MST), a formula of Korean herbal medicines, has been used as a weight-controlling recipe. We have investigated two experiment of body weight regulation by MST In rats. i) The anti-obesity effect of MTS on a high fat diet-induced obesity, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high-fat diet containing 30% in the absence or presence of MST (0.3, 1 or 3%) or a reference orlistat (0.05%) for 6 weeks. ii) weight-decrease effect of MST on normal diet, same animal were fed with a normal diet in the absence or presence of MST (3%) for 6 weeks. And the body weights, daily feed and water consumptions, organ weights, fat weights serum biochemistry were measured. In both experiments, MST and orlistat did not affect the body weight gain. But orlistat significantly increased the feed and water consumptions, leading to low-feed efficiency, and orlistat markedly reduced abdominal, paratesticular and perirenal fat weights, although increased the kidney weights. In MST, low dose (0.3%) of MST decreased the perirenal fat and increased the kidney weights in rats fed HFD, and MST 3% decreased the abdominal fat weights in rats fed normal diet. In addition, Orlistat caused changes in parameters of hepatotoxicity (AST and glucose), nephrotoxicity (BUN and B/C ratio) and lipid metabolism (HDL and triglycerides). In comparison, MST decreased AST, ALP and ALT, the hepatotoxicity markers, and somewhat improved the hepatic fatty degeneration. Taken together, it is suggested that MST does not exert anti-obesity activity as well as remarkably direct effects, but MST may be potentially benefit for dietary cure and exercise-cure of obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.242-251
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• 2018

This study was investigating the anti-obesity effects of diets with a mixture of cheese, red ginseng and fermented mature fruit of Rubus coreanus Miquel. We fed the experimental diets (SC5, SC10) supplemented with 5% or 10% cheese containing of fermented mixture, then orally administered the extract of fermented mixture (RB100, RB300) at a concentration of 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight to SD rats with high fat diet (HFD). The results were as follows: Sample cheese groups decreased visceral fat mass and adipocyte size of stomach compared to that of HFD group. Additionally, lipid droplets of liver in sample cheese groups were smaller than that in HFD group. The serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (tChol), glucose, leptin, and insulin levels in sample cheese group were lower than that in HFD group. But, the serum adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol (cHDL) levels were higher than that in HFD group. These results suggest that fermentation of red ginseng and Rubus coreanus mixed with cheese might be helpful in preventing obesity in high fat diet-fed rats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.582-590
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• 2015

In the present study, we investigated the effect of 70% EtOH extract from Hippophae Rhamnoides L. leaves (HRL) on the anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of HRL on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using Oil Red O staining. In addition, we examined the gene expression levels by using RT-PCR and western blot. The results of this analysis showed that 100 ㎍/㎖ HRL significantly increased the inhibition of lipid accumulation by 82.25%; significantly decreased the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins α (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 cells as well as the stimulated protein expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); and suppressed the expression level of PPARγ. These results suggest that HRL can prevent adipogenesis through activation of AMPKα and inhibition of adipogenesis transcription factors.