• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2023

There have been cases where the number of port workers has temporarily decreased due to COVID-19. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, a number of workers were quarantined, resulting in bottlenecks and waiting throughout the port operation process, increasing the congestion of terminals. As a result, problems such as a decrease in terminal operation efficiency occurred. However, it is understood that congestion centered on unloading equipment inside the terminal is not clearly calculated. Terminal congestion is thought to be a key factor directly related to the operational efficiency of the terminal. The congestion calculation method generally used in various fields measures congestion based on image-based data. Due to the nature of the loading and unloading equipment that moves according to the quantitative loading plan, it is unreasonable to apply the existing congestion calculation method. Therefore, this study presented a method of calculating terminal congestion using equipment waiting time and turnaround time, and verified the statistical significance of the congestion calculated using data from Terminal A of Busan Port.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6B
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• pp.651-660
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• 2006

Although a harbor may be constructed with calmness in harbor in mind, which satisfies the design standard, it is frequently reported that the motion of moored ships disrupt the cargo handling. This is because of current design standard, which only deals with the wave height in the decision making process of cargo handling, and, now, a new kind of estimation method of operating ratio for calmness based on the motion of moored ship is in need. In this research, a computational method that analyses the harbor operation rate in harbor was put forward by considering the relation of allowable quantity of motion for cargo handling and the computation of the motion of moored ship at wharf by using moored ship motion analysis model. Here, a new estimetion method was applied at Onsan harbor, and it was compared with the current estimation method, and, then, the difference between the two methods was showed. The harbor operating ratio gained by a new method was dropped by 2~11% at ENE and NE directions when it was compared with the operating ratio based on the current design standard. However, when a harbor structure layout is to be designed, a harbor operating ratio test according to the wave height and a harbor operation rate test, which considers the motion of moored ship, are to be run side by side at a harbor designing process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.323-325
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• 2012

충남 보령시 오천면 인근해역에 건설될 신보령화력 1,2호기 건설사업과 관련하여 항만공사(연료하역부두, 석회석하역부두 축조)로 인하여 선박통항에 미치는 영향을 사전에 조사 측정 및 평가하여 설계에 반영토록 하고, 부두축조에 따른 대상 선박 항로 통항 및 접 이안에 대한 안전성 평가, 해상교통류 시뮬레이션, 계류안전성 평가 등을 시행하였으며, 이에 대한 결과를 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2015

This study proposed an estimation method of allowable wave height for loading and unloading of the ship and evaluation of effective working days considering moored ship motion that is affected by sip sizes, mooring conditions, wave periods and directions. The method was examined validity by comparison with wave field data at pier $8^{th}$ in Pohang New Harbor. The wave field data obtained with wave height of 0.10~0.75 m and wave period of 7~13 s in ship sizes of 800~35,000 ton when a downtimes have occurred. On the other hand, the results of allowable wave height for loading and unloading of the ship in this method have obtained with wave heights of 0.19~0.50 m and wave periods of 8~12 s for ship sizes of 5,000, 10,000 and 30,000 ton. Thus this method well reproduced the field data respond to various a ship sizes and wave periods. And the results of this in Korea are didn't respond to various the ship sizes and wave periods, and we h method tended to decrease in 16~62 percent when have considered long wave, and it is decreased in 0~46 percent when didn't consider long wave than design standards in case of the ship sizes of 5,000~30,000 ton, wave period of 12 s and wave angle of $75^{\circ}$. The allowable wave heights for loading and unloading of the ship proposed by design standards in Korea have found that overestimated on smaller than 10,000 ton. On the other hand, the rate of effective working days considering ship motion at pier $8^{th}$ in Pohang New Harbor reduced in 6.5 percent when compare with the results without considering ship motion.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.199-214
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• 2022

A relative important analysis was conducted to determine what factors are required for port selection in Mokpo New Port and what needs to be addressed first in order to expand automobile and steel cargo handling. The port selection factors of Mokpo New Port were classified into 4 major and 13 intermediate categories, and AHP analysis was used. As a result, items such as 'port facilities', 'accessibility to international ports', 'port facility usage fees', and 'connectivity with neighboring cities/ports' were evaluated as important. The respondent groups were divided into shipowner and shipper, port operator and stevedore, and public official, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to verify if there was a difference in perception between the groups. As a result, shipowner and shipper, port operator and stevedore were similar, but there was a difference from public official group. Shipowner and shipper, port operator and stevedore with similar response characteristics were classified into the 'port practitioner' group, and public official were classified into the 'port policy maker' group, and the difference in perception between the group was tested. Therefore, there were differences in some major category items, and even in the intermediate category items such as 'possession of adjacent hinterland industrial complex', 'cargo equipment', '24-hour port operation', 'inland transportation cost', 'accessibility to international ports', 'marketing and incentives' with statistical. In other words, the 'port practitioner' group evaluated items that can increase cargo creation and handling productivity as important whereas the 'port policy maker' group considers port development and policies such as port infrastructure, connectivity with other ports, and incentive support items are more important.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.337-342
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• 2010

본 논문은 인천항의 항만노무공급체계 개편과정을 살펴보고, 이에 따른 상용화 이후 효과를 분석하기 위한 기초연구로서, 2005년부터 2010년 5월까지의 상용화 이전과 이후의 인천항의 항만하역노동자를 중심으로 하역처리 물동량에 따른 작업원수, 작업일수, 1인당 물동량 처리량, 노동생산성, 사고 및 재해건수 등의 데이터를 상호 비교분석하여 인천항 항만하역노동자의 상용화에 따른 변화에 대해 살펴보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.700-702
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• 2005

무역을 경제의 중심으로 이용하는 여러 선진국에서는 자국의 항만을 보다 효율적으로 관리하기 위해 정보통신기술을 물류 처리에 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 특히 화물 처리의 최적화 방안으로 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션이 주로 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 항만 화물 처리과정에서 고려될 수 있는 다양한 인자에 대해 하역단계를 5단계로 나누고 분할하여 각각 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는 항만 통합 관리 시뮬레이터 개발 방안을 제안한다. 또한 시뮬레이터를 최대한 정교하게 구현하기 위해 항만의 하역 장비에 대한 3D 모델링을 동시에 수행하였다. 이를 통하여 항만내에서의 화물 처리를 효율적으로 수행하기 위한 최적 인자 및 결과 도출이 가능하고, 부가적으로 시뮬레이션 과정을 가상 항만을 통하여 현실감 있게 관측할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.180-188
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• 2017

Recently, as the strength of winds and waves increases due to the climate change, abnormal waves such as swells have been also increased, which results in the increase of downtime events of loading/unloading in a harbour. To reduce the downtime events, breakwaters were constructed in a harbour to improve the tranquility. However, it is also important and useful for efficient port operation by predicting accurately and also quickly the downtime events when the harbour operation is in a limiting condition. In this study, numerical simulations were carried out to calculate the wave conditions based on the forecasted wind data in offshore area/outside harbour and also the long-term observation was carried out to obtain the wave data in a harbour. A forecasting method was designed using an auto-regressive (AR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) models in order to establish the relationship between the wave conditions calculated by wave model (SWAN) in offshore area and observed ones in a harbour. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed method, this method was applied to predict wave heights in a harbour and to forecast the downtime events in Pohang New Harbour with highly complex topography were compared. From the verification study, it was observed that the ANN model was more accurate than the AR model.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-47
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• 2007

We analyzed the questionnaire survey for the current maintenance of Incheon port's loading and unloading equipments and the possibility of TPM(Total Productive Maintenance) application. And also, We certificated Structural Equation Model with computer packages. Results of the survey indicated that the current maintenance of Incheon port's loading and unloading equipments was not good. We recognized the relationship of contextual factors about the productivity of the loading and unloading equipments The productivity of the loading and unloading equipment positively depends on maintenance management of equipments, but the organization and personnel management does not have a influence on the productivity of the loading and unloading equipment. So we suggest TPM as the future maintenance methodology of equipments. Using TPM to the loading and unloading equipments, we will try to improve the methodology of the organization and personnel management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.263-268
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• 2005

Nowadays, the vessel size is tending to be bigger and bigger, so port facilities are following this trend, which has been shown inthe competition of Hub-Port among the main ports such as Port of Busan and Port of Shanghai. But there are limited numbers of large container vessels and $70\%$ of the call ships at Busan port are middle and small sized ships which are less than 20,000ton. So we need to consider the handling facilities for these sized ships, but it has disregarded. In this paper, we estimate the optimum level of crane and labor according to vessel's size by container handling cost value reflecting size of vessel; size and number of crane and labor structure.