• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.324-329
• /
• 2008

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of nine quinolones (QNs) namely, marbofloxacin, norfloxacin(IS), ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, oxolinic acid, and flumequine in flatfish and egg was developed and validated using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FD). The samples were extracted using a traditional liquid-liquid extraction process; deproteinization was accomplished by the addition of trichloroacetic acid and acetonitrile (ACN), and defatting was performed with hexane. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reverse phase C8 column with gradient elution using a mobile phase of 200 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and ACN. The proposed method was validated according to the CODEX guideline. Mean recoveries of QNs from flatfish and egg were 89.6-106.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 15% at three different concentrations of 50, 100 and $500{\mu}g/kg$. Linearity was obtained with a correlation coefficient ($r^2$) of 0.9989-1.0000. The LOD for the investigated QNs was $1-16{\mu}g/kg$ depending on flatfish and egg. The present method can be applied simultaneously to determine QNs in muscle of flatfish and egg.

• Journal of Apiculture
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 2019

We investigated the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanism of Brazil, China and Korean regional propolis on HeLa ovarian cancer cell line. Each propolis extracts was prepared by ethanol extraction method. Cytotoxicity of propolis extracts was determinated by EZ-cytox cell viability assay. To necessity of anti-tumor effect and molecular mechanism of propolis, we must be adjusting propolis concentration. Due to 100 ㎍/mL of propolis extract were reduced cell viability to less than 50%, we adjusted all of propolis concentration to 100 ㎍/mL. By Western blotting analysis, we confirmed that anti-tumor mechanism of Brazil, China and Korea regional propolis has significantly difference. All of propolis was activated apoptosis related molecules such as PARP, caspase-3. However, cell proliferation signaling molecules including Akt1, ERK and Bcl-2 were reduced the protein expression level. Especially, the expression of tumor suppressor protein p53 was significantly increased in propolis-treated group such as Gyeonggi, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam and China. The phosphorylation of Bax which as apoptosis indicator was appeared in propolis-treated group such as Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, China. In this results showed that the regional propolis has completely different mechanism in anti-tumor. Thus, propolis extracts may be useful source of functional materials on anti-cancer and it will be able to choose the suitable propolis for cancer therapy by analyzing individual characteristics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2004

In vitro biological activities of ethanol extract of radish including whitening, hangover removal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were analyzed. For whitening activity assay, tyrosinase inhibition rate was measured as $IC_{50}$ (50% inhibitory concentration). The $IC_{50}$ values of radish trunk and root extracts were estimated as 0,9 mg/ml and 2.1 mg/ml, respectively. Radish trunk extract showed 2.5-fold tyrosinase inhibition activity of radish root extract, however, there was no significant difference according to radish species. By alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity assay as a hangover removal activity assay, radish trunk extract (2.5 mg/ml) and root extracts (8 mg/ml) showed ]50% activation of ADH. TBA values of radish trunk and root extracts (1% of each) were 43-61 % level of ${\alpha}-tochoperol$ (2.2%). From the analysis of in vitro biological activities of radish, it was suggested that radish could be used in functional food or cosmetics containing hangover removal, whitening and antioxidant activities.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.50
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2007

In general, the life and asset casualties that occur due to landslide or slope failure in urban areas are larger than that in rural areas. In order to reduce the casualties, a slope management program is necessary to categorize slopes based on properties and to manage them systematically. The slope management system is the establishment of the data base for the geological and geotechnical factor according to slope stability, and the utilization of the data base to manage slopes. The suitable system must develop to slopes in urban area through the survey, analysis and evaluation process. Based on the above necessity, the slope management program which is applicable to slope management in an urban area has been developed at Hwangryung Mt. in Busan as a target area. The developed slope management program has various functions such as slope ID number of each slope or sub-region of a mountain, making a slope data sheet, analysis and grouping of slope stability, and establishment of a data base. The slope management program is constructed by use of GIS, and the survey, test and analysis data according to all slopes can be input and edited into the program. The program can also be utilized practically by end users due to the convenient input, edition printing, management and operation of slope data. Therefore, the slope management system has been established on the application of the developed program in Busan which is located in slope area. As the system is widely applied to other cities, the slope in urban area can be managed systematically and the slope hazards can be minimized.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.576-592
• /
• 2007

We, in this study, tried to examine the influence of business environment, organization structure and information technology characteristics used on the performance of the information systems in Information and Communications Industries. The result shows that frequency of system usage and users' satisfaction are positively affected by the factors of business environment, organizational structure and information-technology. The user satisfaction of the system is affected by the frequency of system usage. Both financial performance and non-financial performance are affected by the frequency of the systems usage and user satisfaction of the system. With path analysis, we verified the overall model goodness-of-fit verified for the research model. The result shows that organization structureand technological factors are positively related to the frequency of usage and user satisfaction of the system, while the environmental factors are not. The frequency of system usage is not linked to both financial and non-financial performance. The user satisfaction of the system does not affected to the financial performance. In conclusion, the usage frequency and user satisfaction of the system are the moderating variables affecting business performances. These two variables are affected by the environment, organization structure and information technology. The Path analysis also supports the relationships among these variables.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.407-414
• /
• 2009

The solid complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) with 4-hydroxy-3-(1-{2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)- amino phenylimino}-ethyl)-6-methy-pyran-2-one (H2L) derived from o-phenylenediamine, 3-acetyl- 6-methyl-(2H) pyran, 2,4 (3H)-dione (dehydroacetic acid or DHA) and salicylic aldehyde have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductometry, magnetic susceptibility, UV-visible, IR, $^1H$-NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and screened for antimicrobial activity. The IR spectral data suggest that the ligand behaves as a dibasic tetradentate ligand with ONNO donor atoms sequence towards central metal ion. From the microanalytical data, the stoichiometry of the complexes has been found to be 1:1 (metal: ligand). The physico-chemical data suggests square planar geometry for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes and octahedral geometry for Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes. The x-ray differaction data suggests orthorhombic crystal system for Cu(II) complex, monoclinic crystal system for Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(III) and tetragonal crystal system for Mn(II) complex. Thermal behaviour (TG/DTA) of the complexes was studied and kinetic parameters were determined by Coats-Redfern method. The ligand and their metal complexes were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and fungicidal activity against Aspergillus Niger and Trichoderma.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.293-303
• /
• 2016

Protein hydrolysate that shows physiological function such as antioxidant, suppression of hypertension, immunodulatory, alleviation of pain, and antimicrobial activity has been known as playing important role like hormone. This study was performed to optimize the hydrolysis of the wing's meat of Yosan-Ogae by a commercial protease. The ranges of processes were the reaction temperature of 40 to $60^{\circ}C$, pH 6 to 8, and enzyme concentration 1 to 3%(w/v). As a result, the optimization of process was determined at temperature of $48-50^{\circ}C$, pH of 7.0-7.2, and enzyme concentration of 3%(w/v), and degree of hydrolysis was 68 to 69% at above conditions. The molecular weight of hydrolysate was distributed to 500-1,200 Da and showed typical peptides. The amino acids of peptides showing presumably antioxidant activity such as histidine, proline, methionine, cystein, tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine comprised about 43.07%. The glutamic acid was 13.6%. Therefore, we expect that those products are useful as functional food ingredients.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.1140-1146
• /
• 2008

In order to improve the functional properties of kochujang, garic porridge was added to traditional kochujang during manufacturing. Changes in physiochemical properties of kochujang by garic porridge addition were then investigated. No big differences in general chemical compositions was observed between three kinds of kochujangs tested in this study, general kochujang purchased from a market (GK), kochujang added with raw garlic (RGK) and kochujang added with garlic porridge (GPK). However, GPK showed higher level of antioxidant and anticancer activities than those of others. The methanolic extract of GPK showed 66.38% of DPPH radical scavenging activity, while the extracts of GK and RGK exhibited 38.44% and 50.97%, respectively. Also, the effects of three different extracts of kochujangs on cell proliferation of stomach cancer cell (MKN 45), colon cancer cell (HCT116), and lung cancer cell (NCI-H460) were investigated using MTT assay. All of three extracts exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity against stomach cancer cell, even though the proliferation of colon cancer cell and lung cancer cell were also inhibited. Among them, the extract of GPK showed the highest anti-proliferative activity (62.35%) against stomach cancer cell. From the results obtained in the present study, we concluded that the antioxidant and anticancer activity of GPK mainly originated from garlic because GPK was consisted of 23% garlic (w/w) compared to 10% (w/w) of RGK.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.571-583
• /
• 2016

Biogenic amines are produced primarily by microorganisms found in fermented foods and are often implicated in poisoning incidents in humans. In this study, 620 strains of microorganisms were isolated from traditional Korean fermented food in Sunchang in order to screen for non-biogenicamine-producing microorganisms present in these foods. One strain was identified and named Bacillus subtilis SCJ1, by using 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical characterization. We investigated the cell growth of this organism in order to understand its potential for industrial application. To this end, we optimized the culture medium constituents by using the response surface methodology. The Plackett-Burman experimental design was used for screening of the medium constituents, such as molasses, yeast extract and peptone, for improving cell growth. In order to determine the optimal concentration of each constituent, we used a central composite design. Consequently, the optimized concentrations of molasses, yeast extract and peptone were predicted to be 27.5 g/l, 7.5 g/l and 17.5 g/l, respectively. By model verification, we confirmed that a 1.49-fold increase in dry cell weight compared to the basal medium-from 1.32 g/l, to 1.9722 g/l-was achieved.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.120-123
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 농천어메니티의 개념을 토대로 농촌주민과 도시민의 가치라고 할 수 있는 정주기능으로서의 생활자원화와 방문가치로서의 관광자원화로 구분하고, 이를 토대로 도시민과 농촌주민, 전문가들을 대상으로 농촌자원의 중요도와 순위적 관계를 분석하였다. 구체적인 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농촌자원을 자연적 자원과 문화적 자원, 사회적 자원으로 구분하여 37개 자원을 설정하였다. 이러한 농촌자원은 농촌어메니티를 형성하거나 형성에 영향을 미치는 대상이라고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 이러한 농촌자원은 농촌주민과 도시민이 지닌 가치에 기초하여 생활자원적 가치와 관광가치적 가치를 동시에 혹은 차등적으로 지닐 수 있다. 이러한 관점은 농촌자원에 대한 중요도 평균에 대한 차이검증(t-test)을 수행한 결과 전체 자원의 56.8%에 해당하는 21개가 유의미한 차이를 보인 결과에 의해 지지를 받는다. 셋째, 농촌자원에 대한 순위적 상관관계분석에서도 전문가와 전체집단에서 생활자원과 관광자원에 대한 순위상관관계가 의미가 없는 것으로 나타나 위의 두번째 결과를 지지하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 농촌자원의 개발 방향과 가치부여가 자원의 속성에 따라 차등적으로 진행되어져야 함을 보여준다. 다섯째, 농촌자원의 유형을 생활자원화와 관광자원화에 대한 중요도의 표준화 점수에 기초하여 4개 유형(유형 I~IV)으로 구분하였다. 이러한 유형별 자원중요도를 고려하여 농촌마을의 개발목적에 비추어 생활자원형이나 관광자원형과의 연계를 통해 마을의 정체성과 특성화에 기여할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)를 고지도와 지리지.읍지를 통하여 살펴봄으로써 변한 것과 변하지 않는 것을 분석하여 시대상의 복원과 지역사회의 정체성 확립에 일조하고자 한다.곡물의 여러 줄기가 합수하고 물이 역류하지 않으며 잘 감아도는 곳으로 표현할 수 있다 이러한 명당의 기본적인 원리는 장풍(藏風)과 득수득파(得水得破)이다. 장풍과 득수란 '국'(局), 즉 산줄기와 수계로 이루어진 일정한 범위 속에 만물이 생태계 속에서 살아가는 모습인 '체형(體形)'의 의미가 나타나야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 의미는 시대에 따라 달라질 수 있는 것이다.면적의 52%를 점유하여 감자 재배지의 핵심지를 이룬다. 4. 한국 감자 재배지역 중심지의 지리적 특징은, 높은 산지지역의 산록완사면에 밭작물로 재배된다는 점과 교통이 불편한 지역으로서 도시화와 산업화 지역의 그늘 지역이 대부분이다. 강원도의 감자 재배지는 감자재배에 적합한 자연환경과 화전농업의 전통, 감자 재배기술의 전파, 중앙정부와 지방정부가 지원하는 각종 연구소 분포와 영농지도, 씨감자 생산과 협동조합의 판로 개척, 도로 개설과 포장 등의 인문지리적 요인이 영농조건을 개선하고 감자 판매를 위한 시장접근을 용이하게 하여, 남한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달