• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.2-2
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• 2023

기후변화가 가속화로 인해 수재해의 빈도와 강도 예측이 어려워짐에 따라 실시간 홍수 모니터링에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 합성개구레이다는 광원과 날씨에 무관하게 촬영이 가능하여 수재해 발생시에도 영상을 확보할 수 있다. 합성개구레이다를 활용한 수체 탐지 알고리즘 개발이 활발히 연구되어 왔고, 딥러닝의 발달로 CNN을 활용하여 높은 정확도로 수체 탐지가 기능해졌다. 하지만, CNN 기반 수체 탐지 모델은 훈련시 높은 정량적 정확성 지표를 달성하여도 추론 후 정성적 평가시 경계와 소하천에 대한 탐지 정확성이 떨어진다. 홍수 모니터링에서 특히 중요한 정보인 경계와 좁은 하천에 대해서 정확성이 떨어짐에 따라 실생활 적용이 어렵다. 이에 경계를 강화한 적대적 학습 기반의 수체 탐지 모델을 개발하여 더 세밀하고 정확하게 탐지하고자 한다. 적대적 학습은 생성적 적대 신경망(GAN)의 두 개의 모델인 생성자와 판별자가 서로 관여하며 더 높은 정확도를 달성할 수 있도록 학습이다. 이러한 적대적 학습 개념을 수체 탐지 모델에 처음으로 도입하여, 생성자는 실제 라벨 데이터와 유사하게 수체 경계와 소하천까지 탐지하고자 학습한다. 반면 판별자는 경계 거리 변환 맵과 합성개구레이다 영상을 기반으로 라벨데이터와 수체 탐지 결과를 구분한다. 경계가 강화될 수 있도록, 면적과 경계를 모두 고려할 수 있는 손실함수 조합을 구성하였다. 제안 모델이 경계와 소하천을 정확히 탐지하는지 판단하기 위해, 정량적 지표로 F1-score를 사용하였으며, 육안 판독을 통해 정성적 평가도 진행하였다. 기존 U-Net 모델이 탐지하지 못하던 영역에 대해 제안한 경계 강화 적대적 수체 탐지 모델이 수체의 세밀한 부분까지 탐지할 수 있음을 증명하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 2001

In general, the realization of spaceborne system is constrained by its space environment. In this paper, we suggest chirp stitching technique which generates and processes wideband radar signal with minimum hardware, design and implement transmit/receive equipments and operating programs to satisfy the requirement of this spaceborne high resolution SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar). We apply the top down design approach to this system, and divide hardware into equipment, module and circuit levels, and software into SR(Software Requirement), AD(Architecture Design), DD(Detailed Design) and coding levels, and then extract each requirement to satisfy the wideband requirement of this spaceborne high resolution SAR. We, at first, test the hardware functions, confirm the wideband handling capability of this system with 85MHz wideband signals generated from two 42.5MHz narrow band signals, and show that this system can be used in spaceborne high resolution SARs.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.12-19
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• 2009

In the modern UAV systems, the role of radar payload has been increasing with its unique performance of day-and-night operation and see-through capability over hidden obstacles. Contrary to the satellite reconnaissance, UAV is expected to provide high resolution target detection and recognition capability while frequent flight missions would deliver enhanced SAR image and local information over the target area. STK(Satellite Tool Kit) is a professional space-analysis software widely used in all phases of a space system's life cycle. The simulation of STK is efficient and accurate relatively. In this paper, the author attempt to model the UAV operation and measure the expected SAR image quality. STK(Satellite Tool Kit) is employed to analyze UAV operation and produce SAR raw data. A SAR simulator is developed to produce high resolution SAR image for various ground targets.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.459-469
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• 2017

An air-to-ground guidance missile aimed to hit a main battle tank(MBT) should detect a ground moving target and estimate the target position to guide. In this paper, we detect a front ground moving target by using FMCW(Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) and estimate the position by forward-looking SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) via scanning certain front ground section by steering a beam with narrow beamwidth left to right mechanically. Also, by MLE(Maximum Likelihood Estimation), degree of how fast the target approach or recede from the radar can be figured out from the estimated radial velocity of the moving target. Subsequently, we generate a radar image via corrected matched filter from phase history including the radial velocity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2018

In this work, we have designed and manufactured radar target simulation equipment for the performance analysis of synthetic aperture radar(SAR) systems. First, we have explained the function and performance specification of the target simulation equipment and point target scenario generation for validation of the SAR system. In addition, we have developed a simple and accurate calibration method for the time delay of the SAR system using the manufactured target simulation equipment. We have analyzed the point target impulse response function of the SAR image acquired using the SAR system and the target simulation equipment. It was observed that the measured peak to side lobe ratio(=-13.25 dB) and resolution(=0.49 m) are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical values.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

Several physical phenomena on the sea surface are analyzed from SAR images of South Sea areas, Korea. Strong wave patterns propagating in southerly direction are seen in ERS-1 SAR image on October 11, 1994, and a wave directional spectrum is calculated from this image using the SAR modulation transfer function. RADARSAT SAR image of August 15, 1996 reveals internal waves in northern coastal waters of Cheju Island. Analysis indicates that the internal waves may have been generated by the tidal currents traveling over the shallow bottom of the stratified water in the summer during the tidal changeovers fro ebb to flood and shows patterns of trains of solitons. RADARSAT SAR image taken 3 days after the oil spill accident near Goeje Isalnd on April 3, 1997 detects distinct oil slicks from the accident area but also shows slicks near the coast caused by wind sheltering of coastal mountains and chemical-biological activities.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.328-331
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• 2019

A linear frequency modulated pulse train waveform can be cost-effective in achieving high range resolution, and thus the synthetic aperture radar may be benefited by using the mixer output of the received signal. However, the image formation process from a mixer output is vulnerable to errors caused by stop-and-go approximation. In this paper, a nadir-looking imaging radar based on time domain correlation is proposed. Furthermore, to prevent the occurrence of ghosting effect in images, antenna placement on a rotating disk is proposed. Simulation results indicate that ghosting effect can be eliminated by employing the proposed antenna placement structure.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2022

S-STEP is a small SAR satellite mission that monitors time-limited emergency targets and military anomalies in areas of interest, achieving the average revisit in less than 30 minutes by deploying a constellation of 32 satellites in low orbit at an altitude of 510 km. The mission operation mode of S-STEP is divided into normal mode, observation mode, communication mode, and orbit maintenance mode. Further,, the attitude control mode is subdivides into initial detumbling, sun pointing, target pointing, ground station pointing, and thrust direction maintenance. Based on the preliminary mission operational scenario and the satellite's characteristics, this study analyzed the attitude control performance during initial detumbling and observation modes. It verifies that each mode's attitude control accuracy requirements within the time allotted by the scenario of the S-STEP achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2020

In this paper, to improve Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image quality, the effect of time synchronization error in the EGI/IMU (Embedded GPS/INS, Inertial Measurement Unit) integrated system is analyzed and state augmentation is applied to compensate it. EGI/IMU integrated system is widely used as a SAR motion measurement algorithm, which consists of EGI mounted to obtain the trajectory and IMU mounted on the SAR antenna. In an EGI/IMU integrated system, a time synchronization error occurs when the clocks of the sensors are not synchronized. Analysis of the effect of time synchronization error on navigation solutions and SAR images confirmed that the time synchronization error deteriorates SAR image quality. The state augmentation is applied to compensate for this and as a result, the SAR image quality does not decrease. In addition, by analyzing the performance and the observability of the time synchronization error according to the maneuver, it was confirmed that the time-variant maneuver such as rotational motion is necessary to estimate the time synchronization error adequately. In order to reduce the influence of the time synchronization error on the SAR image, the time synchronization error must be compensated by performing maneuver changing over time such as a rotation before SAR operation.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.55-67
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• 2022

In this paper, fundamentals and recent development of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar, known as InSAR, technique for measuring ground deformation through satellite image analysis are presented together with case histories illustrating its applicability to urban ground deformation monitoring. A study area in Korea was selected and processed based on the muti-temporal time series InSAR analysis, namely SBAS (Small Baseline Subset)-InSAR and PS (Persistent Scatterers)-InSAR using Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired from the year 2014 onward available from European Space Agency Copernicus Program. The ground settlement of the study area for the temporal window of 2014-2022 was evaluated from the viewpoint of the applicability of the InSAR technique for urban infrastructure settlement monitoring. The results indicated that the InSAR technique can reasonably monitor long-term settlement of the study area in millimetric scale, and that the time series InSAR technique can effectively measure ground settlement that occurs over a long period of time as the SAR satellite provides images of the Korean Peninsula at regular time intervals while orbiting the earth. It is expected that the InSAR technique based on higher resolution SAR images with small temporal baseline can be a viable alternative to the traditional ground borne monitoring method for ground deformation monitoring in the 4^th industrial era.