• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.155-157
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• 2022

담낭용종은 담낭암의 원인일 수 있다. 담낭용종의 잘 알려진 위험요소는 대사증후군, 젊은 나이, 이상지질혈증 등이다. 제주도는 한반도에서 약 80km 떨어져 있으며 한라산을 중심으로 두 개의 행정구역(제주시와 서귀포시)으로 나뉘어 있다. 국제공항과 국제항구는 유일하게 제주시에만 위치해 있다. 또한 제주시에는 서귀포시보다 기업체와 학교의 수가 더 많다. 식이 및 알코올 소비는 두 지역 간에 다르며 이러한 요인이 담낭용종 유병률에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 두 지역 거주민들의 담낭용종 유병률을 조사하고 담낭용종과 관련된 다양한 요인들을 비교해보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2009년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 제주대학교병원 단일 건강검진센터를 방문한 21,734명을 대상으로 하였다. 담낭용종 유병률과 관련된 요인을 제주시 거주민과 서귀포시 거주민 두 집단으로 나누어 조사하였다. 담낭용종 유병률은 제주시가 10.1%, 서귀포시가 9.2% (P = 0.039)였다. 평균 연령과 고위험 음주자의 비율은 서귀포시에서 더 높았다. 평균 체질량지수와 공복혈당, 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지질단백질-콜레스테롤, 아스파르테이트아미노전이효소, 감마-글루타밀전이효소, 알칼리인산분해효소 수치는 제주시에서 낮게 나타났다. 이 연구에서 담낭용종 유병률은 제주도의 두 지역 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 연령과 알코올 소비는 이러한 차이에 기여하는 주요 요인이 될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.666-675
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• 2013

This research was carried out from March 2009 to July 2012 to explicate the height change based breeding-ecological characteristics of Titmice that were breeding in the artificial nests installed in the Halla Mountain. The first egg-laying day was delayed as the height of the area under investigation increased, and it turned out that the decrease in temperature due to the elevated height had influence on that delay (p<0.05). Generalizing the annual results of the analyses, we see that there was no significant correlation occurring between the average temperatures and egg-laying days in the breeding season (April~June) (p>0.05). The rate of artificial nest use was not different among areas and among year, but between the species, Parus major and Parus varius. There were differences in clutch sizes among species (p>0.05), but no differences in heights and years (p<0.05). The hatching-, fledging-, and breeding-success rates were 67.3%, 99.5%, and 67.0% respectively in 2011, and 71.3%, 96.8%, 69.0% respectively in 2012, from which we can tell that the fledging-success rate was high but the hatching- and breeding-success rates were similar. Though we confirm that temperature changes due to height differences had influence on breeding periods, but we cannot identify a significant correlation with other breeding-ecological characteristics. Thus, in order to more precisely explicate the influence of temperature changes due to heights on Titmice's breeding, long-term research is needed in terms of the investigation of microclimatic factors and food resource.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

Schisandra nigra Max. has been cultivated far a medical use as well as food. It is an endemic species which has a unique habitat at the altitude of 600-1,400 m in Cheju island. In this study, three natural populations of S. nigra were investigated by using of starch-gel electrophoresis to determine the extent and distribution of genetic diversity. Except 2 monomorphic locus (Mdh-2 and Pgi-1), 4 of the 6 isozyme locus (Idh, Mdh-2, Mnr, and Pgi-2), verified from 4 isozymes, revealed polymorphism in the three populations of S. nigra. The mean number of allele per locus was 1.7 and the percentages of polymorphism loci were 38.9% at 95% level and 50% at 99% level respectively. The observed and estimated heterozygosities were 0.141 and 0.147 respectively. Although plants which were in the face of crisis and distributed in the restricted area, have been known to the very low degree of genetic variation, S. nigra showed higher genetic variation than others. Genetic variation was mostly allocated within population and individuals than that among populations. The result of Wright's F analysis estimates of $F_{IT}$ and $F_{IT}$ showed that S. nigra population revealed Hardy-Weinberg steady state.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.316-321
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• 2017

Tectaria fuscipes (Wall. ex Bedd.) C. Chr. (Baek-Rok-Go-Sa-Ri) is newly reported in Korea. This species belongs to the genus Tectaria Cav. of the family Tectariaceae Panigrahi. Thus far, no taxa of Tectariaceae have been reported in Korea. Tectaria fuscipes is characterized by its suberect to ascending rhizome, dimorphic or subdimorphic fronds, and free veins. The species was found on the southwestern slopes of Mt. Halla on Jeju Island, where it grows in sun near a small cave. It also occurs in southern China and in Taiwan. In Japan, eight species of the genus Tectaria have been reported, but T. fuscipes has yet to be recorded there. Jeju Island is the northeastern-most limit of the known range of this species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.378-390
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• 1997

Ten total populations of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) and Manshurian fir [A. nephrolepis (Traut.) Maxim.] were sampled from south Korea to investigate patterns of intraspecific variation in these species and to evaluate a recognition of the two species. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis were performed both on seed-cone data and on needle morphology data. The characters that contributed most to the separation between A. koreana and A. nephrolepis along three principal components axis were leaf width, length of seed, width of seed wing, length of seed wing, cone width, width of scale, and length of bract tip, but these characters were not diagnostic because of overlap in reality. Therefore, all these characters were not reliable in distinguishing these two taxa including bract position (exerted and recurved vs. exerted and straight). The individuals of A. koreana from Mt. Chi-ri appeared quite unique probably on account of its larger cone size and longer scale tip, while those from Mt. Hal-la of A. koreana were generally distinct from others in terms of their larger seed and seed wing and longer scale width. The Mt. Duk-yu specimens of A. korecana appeared somewhat smaller but more data were needed due to the small sampling size. Generally, the gradual clinal geographic trends made evident by the position of resin ducts in leaves of A. koreana can be detected. The southern populations, Mt. Hal-la (an insular population) were generally distinct from the northern populations (Mt. Chi-ri, Mt. Ga-ya and Mt. Duk-yu) in terms of their position of resin duct (medial, within mesophyll vs marginal, close to epidermis : 100% vs 75 or 50%). Although no sharp boundary separating these two species could be detected based on cone and needle morphology, the observed clinal pattern was distinct in northern populations of A. koreana and southern population of A. nephrnlepis. In a preceding study of the flavonoids variation of 20 species in eastern Asia, flavanone (5-deoxyflavanone) was found to be characteristic of A. faxoniana Rehder et Wilson, A. georgei Orr of China and A. koreana of Korea. A. faxoniana, which is assumed to be primitive species, has position of resin duct relative to both the medial and the marginal, while A. georgei and A. koreana are identified by marginal position of resin duct. With respect of foliar flavonoids chemistry, A. koreana was distinct from A. nephrolepis : the southmost samples (Mt. Hal-la and Mt. Chi-ri) contained additional flavonoids derivatives (mainly flavanone) that were not found in the northmost samples of A. nephrolepis except a few individuals from Mts. Seo-rak and Tae-bak populations of Kwang-won province. The presence of A. koreana type flavonoids in two Chinese species suggested that position of resin duct may be a phyletic character. Abies koreana including two Chinese taxa, exhibited the most elaborate and specialized flavonoids profile within the Abies in eastern Asia. Contrary to our initial expectations, the apparent intermediates between A. nephrolepis and A. koreana in Duk-yu and Ga-ya mountains were found. The pattern of variation on position of resin duct and flavonoids chemistry in these populations of A. kareana suggested that genetic interchange or natural hybridization had occurred between these two species. The evidence needed to resolve the status of this taxon is still inconclusive in our opinion until intermediate individuals from Mts. Duk-yu and Ga-ya show indication of hybridization between the two species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2007

This study was performed to clarify general characteristics of the bird community structure within the boundaries of Hallasan National Park. The surveys were made during April 2006 to February 2007, and the birds were identified and the individual number of those birds was counted up to 38 species and 2,323 individuals in total. Among the total 38 species, 27 residents, 6 summer visitors, 2 winter visitors and 8 passage birds were identified by migratory pattern categories. The most dominant species was Corvus macrorhynchos (14.81%), followed by the Hypsipetes amaurotis(12.66%), and the third was Carduelis sinica(10.33%), and next, Corvus corone (8.44%). About 31 species and 1,639 individuals of birds were sighted around Sallok road 1 (A), and 27 species and 693 individuals of birds were spotted around mountain trails (B), Consequently, it was found that [A] area abounds in more birds than [B] area. Species diversity (H') was distributed over the range of $1.34{\sim}2.56$ degrees in view of the surveyed areas by season. The maximum species diversity (2.56) was found in (A) area in the spring, and the minimum species diversity (1.34) was seen in [B] area in the winter. There are different distributional patterns of birds in terms of the altitude. It was also observed that there were differences in weather factors and food resources by the altitude.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2018

Mites in the family Ascidae are soil dwelling predators of small insects which would have potential to be used as biological control agent. In Korea, 10 genera of 24 species were recorded in the family. During the soil acarine biodiversity study, Asca bicornis Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877 was discovered from moss habitat on Muljangori craer lake 936 m alt in Hallasan mountain in Jeju which was designated as UNESCO Biosphere reserve and World herigate site. We reports this as a new record to Korean Mesostigmata fauna, and provide the morphological description. This species has morphologically characteristic as all dorsal setae nude and needle shaped, lateral caudal projection of Z4 shaped, which are different from the con-general species of A. aphidioides.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2007

For maximum utility of trails, there is a need for better knowledge of characteristics of trail use and its users. The purpose of this study is to find out users' attitudes toward trail structures in Eorimok exploring route in Hallasan National Park managerial purposes. A questionnaire survey was conducted to 138 people on the way back home from their visit to the site from July to August, 2007. The geological conditions of 7 types of pedestrian trail structures were rated relatively high both in quantity and quality. The responses were noticeably positive about the natural materials used in wood deck and PP rope railings from the point of three aspects: harmony with nature, visitor convenience and resources conservation. It seems necessary to replace steel structures with native materials because such unnatural materials used in a natural setting are subject to visitor's resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 1985

This paper was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy of the observed time difference in Loran-C when the ground wave propagated on the surface included both land sea. The time difference of X and Y station in North East Pacific Chain GRI 5970 was measured at 25 points in Cheju areas. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The errors of time difference for M-X pair are increased when the Loran-C wave propagates above 500m heights of Hanla mountain on propagation path between the observed point and master or X, Y slave station. (2) The errors of time difference for M-X pair are able to decrease by way of correction for the propagation velocity and the geodetic datum, but errors of the time difference for M-Y pair very irregularly because irregular terrain include in propagation path from X station and propagation path from Y station is twice longer than X station. (3) It is confirmed that accuracy of Loran-C fix can elevate by the way of all correction for a geodetic datum transformation, the propagation velocity with refractive index of radio wave and the propagation velocity over land.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

This study was conducted to provide basic information for conservation and restoration through investigation of vegetation structure on the Euchresta japonica Hook. f. ex Regel (Korean endangered species) in Mt. Halla in Jeju Island. Very few individuals were discontinuously distributed and restricted at 220 m above sea level, very steep slope ($40-50^{\circ}$), rocky area of north face of Donneko Valley. For investigation of environmental condition, we established $10{\times}20\;m$ quadrat and one control $20{\times}20\;m$ quadrat in the habitats. Thirty three species were found at habitat under 10-16 m Castanopsis sieboldii tree layer (70-80%). The principal causes of threat which were investigated in this study are competition among companies, very steep slopes, artificial management of valley. For restoration and conservation of habitats, it is needed to suitable plans.