• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.143-146
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• 2017

심층학습 모델 중 LSTM-CRF는 개체명 인식, 품사 태깅과 같은 sequence labeling에서 우수한 성능을 보이고 있다. 한국어 개체명 인식에 대해서도 LSTM-CRF 모델을 기본 골격으로 단어, 형태소, 자모음, 품사, 기구축 사전 정보 등 다양한 정보와 외부 자원을 활용하여 성능을 높이는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이런 방법은 언어 자원과 성능이 좋은 자연어 처리 모듈(형태소 세그먼트, 품사 태거 등)이 없으면 사용할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 LSTM-CRF와 최소한의 언어 자원을 사용하여 다국어에 대한 개체명 인식에 대한 성능을 평가한다. LSTM-CRF의 입력은 문자 기반의 n-gram 표상으로, 성능 평가에는 unigram 표상과 bigram 표상을 사용했다. 한국어, 일본어, 중국어에 대해 개체명 인식 성능 평가를 한 결과 한국어의 경우 bigram을 사용했을 때 78.54%의 성능을, 일본어와 중국어는 unigram을 사용했을 때 각 63.2%, 26.65%의 성능을 보였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.176-181
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• 2022

일반 상식 추론 능력은 가장 사람다운 능력 중 하나로써, 인공지능 모델이 쉽게 모사하기 어려운 영역이다. 딥러닝 기반의 언어 모델은 여전히 일반 상식에 기반한 추론을 필요로 하는 분야에서 부족한 성능을 보인다. 특히, 한국어에서는 일반 상식 추론과 관련한 연구가 상당히 부족한 상황이다. 이러한 문제 완화를 위해 최근 생성 기반의 일반 상식 추론을 위한 한국어 데이터셋인 Korean CommonGen [1]이 발표되었다. 그러나, 해당 데이터셋의 평가 지표는 어휘 단계의 유사성과 중첩에 의존하는 한계를 지니며, 생성한 문장이 일반 상식에 부합한 문장인지 측정하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문은 한국어 일반 상식 추론 및 생성 능력에 대한 평가 지표를 개선하기 위해 문장 성분의 의미역과 자모의 형태 변화를 바탕으로 생성 결과를 평가하는 SRLev, 사람의 평가 결과를 학습한 BIH, 그리고 두 평가 지표의 장점을 결합한 SRLev-BIH를 제안한다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.241-250
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• 2006

Hangeul as the Korean unique characters were invented according to some character-making principles and based on scholars' exhaustive researches. While most of the characters in the world evolved naturally, Hangeul was invented based on a precise linguistic analysis of the time, and therefore, it is most scientific and reasonable among various characters throughout the world. Nevertheless, Hangeul typeface designs do not seem to inherit the ideology of scientific and reasonable Hangeul correctly. For the square forms have been used intact due to the influences from the Chinese characters which prevailed during the time. If a single set of square characters should be designed, as much as 11,172 fonts should be designed, which suggests that advantages of Mangeul may not well be used fully; Hangeul was invented to visualize every sound with the combinations of 28 vowels and consonants. Problems of such square fonts began to be identified since 1900's when typewriters were introduced first from the West. Since a typewriter is designed with 28 characters laid out on its keyboard by using such combinations, the letters may be easily combined on it. The so-called the flexibility square-format typeface was born as such. Specially, the three-pairs fonts of these can be combined up to 67 letters including vowels and consonants. The three-pairs fonts system can help to solve the problems arising form the conventional square fonts and inherit the original ideology of Hangeul invention. This study aims to review the history of the three-pairs fonts designs facilitated by mechanic encoding of Hangeul and thereupon, suggest some desirable directions for future Hangeul fonts. Since the flexibility square-format typeface is expected to evolve more and more owing to development of the digital technology, they would serve our age of information in terms of both functions and convenience. Just as Hunminjongum tried to be literally independent from the Chinese characters, so the flexibility square-format typeface designs would serve to recover identity of our Hangeul font designs.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of task-oriented approach based on upper limb coordinated movement on the ability of the Korean handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorder(DCD). Methods/Design : This randomized controlled trial designed as a pre-/post- test will compare the effectiveness of task-oriented approach and process-oriented approach on handwriting performance for children with DCD aged 5 to 10. These interventions consist of 10 training sessions and 4 assessment sessions over 7weeks. Children will be measured regard to handwriting legibility, speed and pre-handwriting skills including upper limb movement skills, visual perception and visual motor coordination. Conclusion : This is the first attempt to investigate effects of a task-oriented approach in children with DCD. The significance of this study is to provide the clinical evidences to apply the task-oriented approach improves the children's handwriting performance. Furthermore it will also present a more effective intervention for handwriting by figuring out each approach's impact on the improvement of pre-handwriting skills.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.614-623
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• 1994

Synthesizing speech and facial images is necessary for human interface that man and machine converse naturally as human do. The target of this paper is synthesizing the facial images. In synthesis of the facial images a three-dimensional (3-D) shape model of the face is used for realizating the facial expression variations and the lip shape variations. The various facial expressions and lip shapes harmonized with the syllables are synthesized by deforming the three-dimensional model on the basis of the facial muscular actions. Combications with the consonants and the vowels make 14.364 syllables. The vowels dominate most lip shapes but the consonants do a part of them. For determining the lip shapes, this paper investigates all the syllables and classifies the lip shapes pattern according to the vowels and the consonants. As the results, the lip shapes are classified into 8 patterns for the vowels and 2patterns for the consonants. In advance, the paper determines the synthesis rules for the classified lip shape patterns. This method permits us to obtain the natural facial image with the various facial expressions and lip shape patterns.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.561-566
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• 2019

In the Internet space, integrity and security must be maintained for secure and confidential communication, which ensures reliability between sender and receiver. Cryptography is an important factor in maintaining robustness against external attacks. For this purpose, encryption and steganography methods are used. Steganography is a method of hiding confidential information without making statistically significant changes to digital media. I propose a method of transforming the Hangul-Jamo consisting of choseong, jungseong and jongseong, and inserting them into RGB pixel values of the cover image. In order to improve security, a new blending method was used to hide the altered information in the lowest region. In this case, a mixture of LSB and LDR techniques was applied. PSNR was calculated for image quality. The PSNR of the proposed method is 43.225dB, which satisfies the lowest level.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2012

With increasing the number of smart device such as Tablet PC, smart phone and netbook, information security which based on smart device in mobile environment have become the issue. It is important to enter a password safety. In various types of mobile devices, because of hardware limitation of device, it is difficult that to equip secondary input device such as keyboard and mouse. Also, a loss of accuracy becomes a problem because input information was entered by touch screen. Because of problem mentioned above it can be predicted to change password scheme text based password scheme to graphical password scheme, graphical password scheme is easy to use and is resistant to shoulder surfing attack. So this paper proposes new graphical password scheme based 5 strokes which are made by decomposed the Korean to defend against shoulder surfing attack.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.206-212
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• 2021

Society is developing more and more, and communication methods are developing in many ways. However, developed communication is a way for the non-disabled and has no effect on the deaf. Therefore, in this paper, a CNN-based sign language translation program is designed and implemented to help deaf people communicate. Sign language translation programs translate sign language images entered through WebCam according to meaning based on data. The sign language translation program uses 24,000 pieces of Korean vowel data produced directly and conducts U-Net segmentation to train effective classification models. In the implemented sign language translation program, 'ㅋ' showed the best performance among all sign language data with 97% accuracy and 99% F1-Score, while 'ㅣ' showed the highest performance among vowel data with 94% accuracy and 95.5% F1-Score.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2008

In this paper, knowledge based text to facial sequence image system for interaction of lecturer and learner in cyber universities is studied. The system is defined by the synthesis of facial sequence image which is synchronized the lip according to the text information based on grammatical characteristic of hangul. For the implementation of the system, the transformation method that the text information is transformed into the phoneme code, the deformation rules of mouse shape which can be changed according to the code of phonemes, and the synthesis method of facial sequence image by using deformation rules of mouse shape are proposed. In the proposed method, all syllables of hangul are represented 10 principal mouse shape and 78 compound mouse shape according to the pronunciation characteristics of the basic consonants and vowels, and the characteristics of the articulation rules, respectively. To synthesize the real time facial sequence image able to realize the PC, the 88 mouth shape stored data base are used without the synthesis of mouse shape in each frame. To verify the validity of the proposed method the various synthesis of facial sequence image transformed from the text information is accomplished, and the system that can be applied the PC is implemented using the proposed method.