• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.103-117
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• 2019

Under the uncertainties and the consequent turmoils of the IMF financial crisis in Korea, Hyunsung Techno was founded in 1997 on the basis of automobile press molding which is critical for the quality of automobile. Ever since, Hyunsung Techno has grown rapidly based on the domestic market; however, gradually, it had faced a stalemate in terms of the saturation, on the supply side and the growth limit, on the demand side, of the domestic molding market. Accordingly, Hyunsung pushed for a strategy to localize overseas markets and a new acquisition strategy instead of resting on the domestic mold industry's growth, and the success of these strategies enabled it to leap forward into a global company with five companies including affiliates and 70 billion won in sales. The main reason why Hyunsung Techno evolved from a small and medium-sized manufacturing company into a global businesses is due to the success of Boa Constrictor M&A strategy. Its acquisition strategy is not just a successful case of any acquisition, but a rare, maybe the first domestic case of a successful acquisition of a primary supplier by a secondary supplier. Through the success of this strategy, Hyunsung Techno has achieved a continuous growth of businesses, an increase in sales volume, and expansion into new businesses. And on top of that, this achievements is leading it to be a global conglomerate In this study, Hyunsung Techno's success strategy, which is transformed from a small domestic manufacturing company into a global enterprise, was analyzed in detail with its development stages divided into start-up, overseas expansion, acquisitions, and business diversification. Eventually, this case study is meant to offer strategic implications for other small and medium-sized businesses under the current, gloomy economy of low or zero growth of today.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

In this study, the masking effect of olfactory stimulus on the awakening state due to sound stimuli while driving using Graphic Driving Simulator was observed through the response of autonomic nervous system. The test was conducted for 11 males in their twenties. The siren of ambulance car was presented to them as auditory stimulus for 30 secs while driving in a situation of high way in the condition of both peppermint and control, respectively, and LF/HF ratio of HRV (Heart Rate Variability), the activity index of sympathetic nerve, and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) response were examined. The test was proceeded in the order of three stages, that is, sound stimuli (test 1), driving performance, and sound stimuli (test 2), and fragrance stimulus, driving performance, and sound stimuli (test 3), and the physiological signal of GSR, HRV was measured in the whole stages. As a result of test, comparing the results of before and after auditory stimulus test (1) (p < 0.01), test (2) (p < 0.05), and test (3) (p < 0.01), driving performance test (2) (p < 0.01), test (3) (p < 0.01), and olfactory stimulus test (3) (p < 0.05), respectively, GSR response increased, showing significant difference in all the tests. It indicates that when auditory stimulus was presented to the subjects, they were in the awakening state as sympathetic nervous system got activated. As a result of comparing auditory stimulus while driving before and after presenting olfactory stimulus, there was no significant difference in GSR response. The LF/HF ratio of HRV increased, showing a significant difference only in test (2) (p < 0.05), and in driving performance test (2) (p < 0.05) in auditory stimulus, however, it showed no significant difference in olfactory stimulus. As a result of comparing auditory stimulus while driving before and after presenting olfactory stimulus, there was a decrease, showing significant difference (p < 0.05) in LF/HF ratio of HRV. That is, it means that the activation of sympathetic nervous system decreased, and that parasympathetic nervous system got activated. From these results, it was observed that while driving, the awakening level due to auditory stimulus was settled with olfactory stimulus. In conclusion, it was drawn that while driving, olfactory stimulus could have the masking effect on auditory stimulus.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

The advent of 5G mobile communications, which is expected in 2020, will provide many services such as Internet of Things (IoT) and vehicle-to-infra/vehicle/nomadic (V2X) communication. There are many requirements to realizing these services: reduced latency, high data rate and reliability, and real-time service. In particular, a high level of reliability and delay sensitivity with an increased data rate are very important for M2M, IoT, and Factory 4.0. Around the world, 5G standardization organizations have considered these services and grouped them to finally derive the technical requirements and service scenarios. The first scenario is broadcast services that use a high data rate for multiple cases of sporting events or emergencies. The second scenario is as support for e-Health, car reliability, etc.; the third scenario is related to VR games with delay sensitivity and real-time techniques. Recently, these groups have been forming agreements on the requirements for such scenarios and the target level. Various techniques are being studied to satisfy such requirements and are being discussed in the context of software-defined networking (SDN) as the next-generation network architecture. SDN is being used to standardize ONF and basically refers to a structure that separates signals for the control plane from the packets for the data plane. One of the best examples for low latency and high reliability is an intelligent traffic system (ITS) using V2X. Because a car passes a small cell of the 5G network very rapidly, the messages to be delivered in the event of an emergency have to be transported in a very short time. This is a typical example requiring high delay sensitivity. 5G has to support a high reliability and delay sensitivity requirements for V2X in the field of traffic control. For these reasons, V2X is a major application of critical delay. V2X (vehicle-to-infra/vehicle/nomadic) represents all types of communication methods applicable to road and vehicles. It refers to a connected or networked vehicle. V2X can be divided into three kinds of communications. First is the communication between a vehicle and infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure; V2I). Second is the communication between a vehicle and another vehicle (vehicle-to-vehicle; V2V). Third is the communication between a vehicle and mobile equipment (vehicle-to-nomadic devices; V2N). This will be added in the future in various fields. Because the SDN structure is under consideration as the next-generation network architecture, the SDN architecture is significant. However, the centralized architecture of SDN can be considered as an unfavorable structure for delay-sensitive services because a centralized architecture is needed to communicate with many nodes and provide processing power. Therefore, in the case of emergency V2X communications, delay-related control functions require a tree supporting structure. For such a scenario, the architecture of the network processing the vehicle information is a major variable affecting delay. Because it is difficult to meet the desired level of delay sensitivity with a typical fully centralized SDN structure, research on the optimal size of an SDN for processing information is needed. This study examined the SDN architecture considering the V2X emergency delay requirements of a 5G network in the worst-case scenario and performed a system-level simulation on the speed of the car, radius, and cell tier to derive a range of cells for information transfer in SDN network. In the simulation, because 5G provides a sufficiently high data rate, the information for neighboring vehicle support to the car was assumed to be without errors. Furthermore, the 5G small cell was assumed to have a cell radius of 50-100 m, and the maximum speed of the vehicle was considered to be 30-200 km/h in order to examine the network architecture to minimize the delay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.165-165
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• 2017

지난 수 십 년 동안, 전 세계적으로 자원의 소비가 급격히 증가하게 되면서 최근 자원 고갈은 물론 환경오염이 커다란 이슈로 문제가 되고 있다. 이에 따라 재료 관련 분야에 있어서는 보다 효율적이고 친환경적인 방법으로 자원을 활용해야 된다는 필요성이 대두되었고 이와 같은 관점에서 목적하는 성분이 우수하고 환경 친화적인 표면처리 재료 개발연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있는 실정이다. 그 중 플라즈마 전해 산화(Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation, PEO)는 알루미늄, 마그네슘 등의 경금속의 경도를 향상시키고 높은 내마모성, 내식성을 갖게 하는 표면처리로써 그 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이 플라즈마 전해 산화는 일반적으로 공정비용 대비 효과적이고 환경 친화적이며 코팅 성능 면에서 우수하다고 알려져 있다. 이러한 고유한 특성으로 인해 플라즈마 전해 산화 코팅은 최근 몇 년 동안 기계, 자동차, 우주항공, 의학 및 전기 산업 등의 분야에서 그 적용이 점차 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 한편, 플라즈마 전해 산화 코팅을 하는 모재들의 경우 부동태 산화피막을 용이하게 형성할 수 있는 특성의 모재에 한정되고 있어서 그 응용확대에 한계가 있는 것이 사실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 플라즈마 전해 산화법을 사용하여 용융알루미늄도금 강판 상에 산화피막 형성을 시도하였다. 전원공급 장치의 양극은 전해질 속에 잠겨있는 작동전극에 연결하고 음극은 대전극 역할을 하는 스테인레스강 전해질 용기에 연결되었다. 전해질은 Sodium Aluminate 및 기타 첨가제를 함유한 것을 사용하였고 온도는 열교환기를 사용하여 $30^{\circ}C$ 이하로 유지되었다. 또한 여기서 전류밀도는 $5{\sim}10A/dm^2$, 실험 주파수는 700Hz, Duty cycle은 30 및 90%의 각 조건에서 공정처리 시간을 각각 30분 및 60분 동안 진행하였다. 이와 같은 조건에서 형성한 막들에 대해서는 주사형전자현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 코팅 막의 표면 및 단면의 모폴로지를 관찰하였음은 물론 EDS 및 XRD 측정을 통하여 원소조성분포 및 결정구조를 각각 분석하였다. 또한 이 코팅 막들에 대한 내식성은 5% 염수분무 환경 중 노출시험(Salt spray test), 3% NaCl 용액에서의 침지 시험 및 전기화학적 동전위 양극분극(Potentiodynamic Polarization) 시험을 진행하여 평가하였다. 이상의 실험결과에 의하면, 제작조건별 플라즈마 전해 산화 코팅 막의 모폴로지 및 결정구조가 상이하게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 코팅 막의 모폴로지 관찰 결과, 공정 시간에 비례하여 표면에 존재하는 원형 기공의 수는 감소하였으나 그 크기가 커지고 크레이터의 직경 또한 커진 것이 확인되었다. 이 기공은 마이크로 방전에 의해 형성된다고 알려져 있는데 공정 시간이 증가함에 따라 코팅 두께가 점차 증가하여 마이크로 방전의 빈도수가 줄어들고 그 강도는 증가하게 되어 기공 크기가 증가한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 공정시간이 긴 시편에서 표면에 크랙이 다수 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이것은 방전에 의해 고온이 된 소재가 차가운 전해질과 만나게 되어 생긴 큰 온도구배로 인해 강한 열응력이 발생하여 균열을 초래한 것으로 보인다. 조성원소 분석 결과 원형 기공 주변의 크레이터 영역에는 알루미늄이 풍부하였으며 그 주변에 결절상을 갖는 구조에서는 전해질 성분의 원소가 포함되어 있는 것이 확인되었다. 이러한 코팅 막의 표면 특성은 내식성에 영향을 주게 된 원인으로 사료된다. 동전위 분극측정 결과에 의하면 플라즈마 전해 산화 공정 시간이 길어질수록 부식전류밀도가 증가하였다. 이것은 공정시간이 길어짐에 따라 강한 방전이 발생하여 기공의 크기가 증가하고 크랙이 발생하게 되면서 내식성이 저하된 것으로 판단된다. 종합적으로 재료특성 분석 및 내식성 평가를 분석한 결과, 플라즈마 전해 산화의 공정 시간이 너무 길게 되면 오히려 내식성은 저하되는 것이 확인되었다. 이상의 연구를 통하여 고내식 특성을 갖는 플라즈마 전해 산화 막의 유효성을 확인하였으며 용융알루미늄강판 상에 실시한 플라즈마 전해 산화 처리에 대한 기초적인 응용 지침을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.485-494
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• 2018

This study aims to identify the characteristics of oxidation and chemical composition of PM in winter season, 2017 at Incheon area. The mean concentration of air pollutants were $46{\pm}22{\mu}g/m^3-PM_{10}$, $29{\pm}18{\mu}g/m^3/-PM_{2.5}$, $5{\pm}3ppb-SO_2$, $0.56{\pm}0.24ppm-CO$, $21{\pm}13ppb-O_3$ and $28{\pm}17ppb-NO_2$, respectively. The dominant ion of the $PM_{1.0}$ chemical component were organic with $3.2{\mu}g/m^3$ and nitrate with $1.9{\mu}g/m^3$. The day and night variation of the $PM_{1.0}$ chemical components was higher in nighttime than those of daytime. The averaged nitrate oxidation rate (SOR) was 0.06 and sulfate oxidation rate was 0.11 during the field campaign. In the high mass loading period, nitrate oxidation rate (NOR) was up to 0.6 and also the nitrate in $PM_{1.0}$ was increased. The averaged ratio of $NO_x/SO_2$ was 8.7 and nitrate/sulfate was 3.1, respectively. In this results, the nitrate component in $PM_{1.0}$ was influenced by NOx from the stationary source as power plant and the mobile source around the measurement site.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-20
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• 2022

Recently, prior to the commercialization of urban air mobility (UAM), the importance of R&D for air transportation-related industries in urban areas has significantly increased. To create a UAM environment, research is being conducted on personal air vehicles (PAVs). They are key means of air transportation, but research on the physical factors influencing their passengers is relatively insufficient. In particular, because the PAV is expected to be used as a living space for the passengers, research on the effects of the physical elements generated in the PAV on the human body is essential to design an interior space that supports the in-vehicle activities of the passengers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to derive the constraint factors that affect the human body due to the air navigation characteristics of the PAV and to understand the impact of these constraint factors on the bodies of the passengers performing in-vehicle activities. The results of this study indicate that when the PAV was operated at less than 4,000 ft, which is the operating standard, the constraint factors were noise, vibration, and motion sickness caused by low-frequency motion. These constraint factors affect in-vehicle activity; thus, the in-vehicle activities that can be performed in a PAV were derived using autonomous cars, airplanes, and PAV concept cases. Furthermore, considering the impact of the constraint factors and their levels on the human body, recommended constraint factor criteria to support in-vehicle activities were established. To reduce the level of impact of the constraint factors on the human body and to support in-vehicle activity, the seat's shape and built-in functions of the seat (vibration reduction function, temperature control, LED lighting, etc.) and external noise reduction using a directional speaker for each individual seat were recommended. Moreover, it was suggested that interior materials for noise and vibration reduction should be used in the design of the interior space. The contributions of this study are the determination of the constraint factors affecting the in-vehicle PAV activity and the confirmation of the level of impact of the factors on the human body; in the future, these findings can be used as basic data for suitable PAV interior design.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2009

Due to the many advantages including low price, low power consumption, and miniaturization, the CMOS camera has been utilized in many applications, including mobile phones, the automotive industry, medical sciences and sensoring, robotic controls, and research in the security field. In particular, the 360 degree omni-directional camera when utilized in multi-camera applications has displayed issues of software nature, interface communication management, delays, and a complicated image display control. Other issues include energy management problems, and miniaturization of a multi-camera in the hardware field. Traditional CMOS camera systems are comprised of an embedded system that consists of a high-performance MCU enabling a camera to send and receive images and a multi-layer system similar to an individual control system that consists of the camera's high performance Micro Controller Unit. We proposed the SL-AVS (Small Size/Low power Around-View System) to be able to control a camera while collecting image data using a high speed synchronization technique on the foundation of a single layer low performance MCU. It is an initial model of the omni-directional camera that takes images from a 360 view drawing from several CMOS camera utilizing a 110 degree view. We then connected a single MCU with four low-power CMOS cameras and implemented controls that include synchronization, controlling, and transmit/receive functions of individual camera compared with the traditional system. The synchronization of the respective cameras were controlled and then memorized by handling each interrupt through the MCU. We were able to improve the efficiency of data transmission that minimizes re-synchronization amongst a target, the CMOS camera, and the MCU. Further, depending on the choice of users, respective or groups of images divided into 4 domains were then provided with a target. We finally analyzed and compared the performance of the developed camera system including the synchronization and time of data transfer and image data loss, etc.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2005

Nowadays a large amount of wastewater containing metal working fluids and cleaning agents is generated during the cleaning process of parts working in various industries of automobile, machine and metal, and electronics etc. In this study, aqueous or semi-aqueous cleaning wastewater contaminated with soluble or nonsoluble oils was treated using ultrafiltration system. And the membrane permeability flux and performance of oil-water separation (or COD removal efficiency) of the ultrafiltration system employing PAN as its membrane material were measured at various operating conditions with change of membrane pore sizes and soil concentrations of wastewater and examined their suitability for wastewater treatment contaminated with soluble or insoluble oil. As a result, in case of wastewater contaminated with soluble oil and aqueous or semi-aqueous cleaning agent, the membrane permeability increased rapidly even though COD removal efficiency was almost constant as 90 or 95％ as the membrane pore size increased from 10 kDa to 100 kDa. However, in case of the wastewater contaminated with nonsoluble oil and aqueous or semi-aqueous cleaning agent, as the membrane pore size increased from 10 kDa to 100 kDa and the soil concentration of wastewater increased, the membrane permeability was reduced rapidly while COD removal efficiency was almost constant. These phenomena explain that since the membrane material is hydrophilic PAN material, it blocks nonsoluble oil and reduces membrane permeability. Thus, it can be concluded that the aqueous or semi-aqueous cleaning solution contaminated with soluble oil can be treated by ultrafiltration system with the membrane of PAN material and its pore size of 100 kDa. Based on these basic experimental results, a pilot plant facility of ultrafiltration system with PAN material and 100 kDa pore size was designed, installed and operated in order to treat and recycle alkaline cleaning solution contaminated with deep drawing oil. As a result of its field application, the ultrafiltration system was able to separate aqueous cleaning solution and soluble oil effectively, and recycle them. Further more, it can increase life span of aqueous cleaning solution 12 times compared with the previous process.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.169-197
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to present a reasonable and concrete standard for the Korean aviation insurance compulsory subscription system. Through this, we aim to improve the current revision of laws and regulations, and ultimately create an environment in which the safety and property of the Korean people who use aircraft with appropriate aviation insurance can be secured. In particular, by reviewing the aviation business law and its new laws and regulations enacted in 2017, the legislative improvement direction of aviation insurance will be proposed. In order to maintain the continuous growth of the air transportation industry and to make amicable compensation for the victims, considering the characteristics of the total accident, instantness, and giganticness of air accidents in which a lot of people and property are lost in the event of an accident, adequate insurance coverage is essential. In this respect, the compulsory insurance to amend the principle of freedom of contract, which is the great principle of the modern judicial system, will be persuasive. However, in comparison with foreign legislation, the legal provisions on Korea's obligation to comply with aviation insurance need to be revised around the following issues: First, it is reasonable to enforce the regulation of the mandatory aviation insurance by legislation from the Congress not by administrative regulations. Because it will force the monetary obligations of the individual such as common air carriers. Second, our law regulations respond to various kinds of air damages by using the phrase "limit of liability stipulated in international conventions". However, as we have seen in the text, the range of compensation are various according to the use of legal instruments in international conventions such as the Montreal Convention, which governs the compensation of passengers for damages to passengers today. Third, in countries with narrow territories, such as Korea, there are big differences in flying time and insurable risk between domestic and international transportation. Therefore, it is necessary to divide domestic transportation and international transportation even in the obligation to join the insurance. This dual discipline has the advantage for rookies in air carrier market who mainly start their business from domestic service. Fourth, according to Korean law, the regulations of automobile loss insurance is applicable to the aviation mandatory insurance of unmanned aerial vehicle accident which is lack of persuasion. In the future, it will be appropriate to discipline insurance for unmanned aerial vehicles with unlimited potential for development from a long-term perspective.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.105-117
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• 2022

This study analyzes the effects between stock returns and interest rate spread, difference between long-term and short-term interest rate through the polynomial linear regression analysis. The existing research concentrated on the business forecast through the interest rate spread focusing on the US market. The previous studies verified the interest rate spread based on the leading indicators of business forecast by moderating the period of long-term/short-term interest rates and analyzing the degree of leading. After the 7th reform of composite indices of business indicators in Korea of 2006, the interest rate spread was included in the items of composing the business leading indicators, which is utilized till today. Nevertheless, there are a few research on stock returns of each industry and interest rate spread in domestic stock market. Therefore, this study analyzed the stock returns of each industry and interest rate spread targeting Korean stock market. This study selected the long-term/short-term interest rates with high causality through the regression analysis, and then understood the correlations with each leading period and industry. To overcome the limitation of the simple linear regression analysis, polynomial linear regression analysis is used, which raised explanatory power. As a result, the high causality was verified when using differences between returns of corporate bond(AA-) without guarantee for three years by leading six months and call rate returns as interest rate spread. In addition, analyzing the stock returns of each industry, the relation between the relevant interest rate spread and returns of the automobile industry was the closest. This study is significant in the aspect of verifying the causality of interest rate spread, business forecast, and stock returns in Korea. Even though it could be limited to forecast the stock price by using only the interest rate spread, it would be working as a strong factor when it is properly utilized with other various factors.