• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2009

This paper presents a preliminary study to monitor the lateral behavior of pile foundation using multiplexed fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensors. In the Preliminary study, an 1.7 meter long cantilever beam with the shape of square hollow box was fabricated and tested under the static loading. Four FBG sensors were multiplexed in a single optical fiber and installed into the top and bottom of the cantilever beam. The strains are directly measured from FBG sensors followed by curvature calculations based on the plane section assumption. Vertical deflections are then estimated using the regression analyses based on the geometric relationships. It has been found that excellent correlation with conventional sensing system was observed. The success of the test encourages the use of the FBG sensing system as a monitoring system for pile foundations. However, further consideration should be given in the case of the sensor malfunction for the practical purpose.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.111-121
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• 2016

In this study, measurements were conducted by image processing to do an in-depth evaluation of strain of rebar in a uniaxial tension test. The distribution of strain and the necking region were evaluated. The image processing is used to analyze the color information of a colored image, so that the parts consistent with desired targets can be distinguished from the other parts. After this process, the image was converted to a binary one. Centroids of each target region are obtained in the binary images. After repeating such process on the images from starting point to the finishing point of the test, elongation between targets is calculated based on the centroid of each target. The tensile test were conducted on grade 60 #7(D22) and #9(D29) rebars fabricated in accordance with ASTM A615 standards. Strain results from image processing were compared to the results from a conventional strain gauge, in order to see the validity of the image processing. With the image processing, the measuring was possible in not only the initial elastic region but also the necking region of more than 0.5(50%) strain. The image processing can remove the measuring limits as long as the targets can be video recorded. It also can measure strain at various spots because the targets can easily be attached and detached. Thus it is concluded that the image processing helps overcome limits in strain measuring and will be used in various ways.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2012

A double split tee connection is used as a connection that is suitable for ordinary moment frames or special moment frames according to the combination of variables of the thickness of the T-stub flange and the gauge distance of the high-strength bolts. In order to demonstrate safe structural behavior, a double split tee connection must meet the requirements for inter-story drift angles and the moment of connection, as defined in the Korea Building Code-Structural. In order to determine whether the these requirements are met, it is necessary to predict rotational stiffness and the ultimate plastic moment of the connection. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to propose an analytical model for predicting the rotational stiffness of a double split tee connection under a static load. Toward this end, a three-dimensional, non-linear finite element analysis was carried out. Then, the applicability of the proposed model was verified after comparing the test results of this study with other studies.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.3-14
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• 2008

Classifying digital games' genres is quite ambiguous work, as they have been using other media's genre classification such as film genre. Therefore this paper tries to propose a new way of classifying genres of digital games. There are two kinds of approaches to digital games genres: one is based on gamers' activities and the other is on game text. The former turned out to be limitative because the meanings of gamers' activities are sometimes overlapped and this overlapping causes lack of objectivity in deciding which activity belongs to which genre. On the other hand, the latter is comparatively clear and accurate as it is based on what a game text provides. After all. a new classification of digital games based on game text makes total of 7 digital game types, which are Physical obstacles, Mainly Physical & partially intellectual obstacles, Intellectual obstacles, Mainly intellectual & partially physical obstacles, Self-supporting games, Confronting games, Ranking games, and each type has its own convention and characteristics.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2004

In this paper, the adaptive noise canceler using neural network with backpropagation is designed. The adaptive noise canceler using the least mean square algorithm has the large correlativity of the reference signal. The performance of the adaptive noise canceler shows the limitation when the information signal is relatively small to the noise. The system proposed in this paper plays an important role in denoising these signals. In addition, the experiments are carried out to analyze the effects of the number of hidden layers and nodes about the system. The performance of the proposed adaptive noise canceler is compared with that of the system which is used the least mean square algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2015

하천에서 발생하는 소류력은 하상 변동을 발생시키기 때문에 주변 구조물이나 하천의 흐름특성 등을 변화시키게 되며, 유사이송, 침식 및 퇴적, 유동해석 등에 매우 중요한 하천 계수이다. 하천에서 소류력의 직접 측정은 매우 어려워 직접 측정 대신 하천경사 및 동수반경을 기반한 단면 평균소류력 산정 공식을 일반적으로 이용한다. 그러나, 이러한 방식은 상세한 유사이송, 세굴 등의 해석에는 한계가 있기 때문에 국부적인 소류력이 필요하다. 실내 실험에서는 프레스톤게이지를 활용한 직접 측정이나, 난류측정을 통한 레이놀즈 분포를 외삽하여 단면에서 국부적인 소류력을 측정하는 방식이 사용되어 왔다. 반면, 실제 하천에서는 국부 소류력 직접측정 및 난류 산정이 거의 불가능하거나 비효율적이므로 대안으로 하천의 연직유속분포에 대수분포를 적용하여 소류력을 추정하는 간접적인 방법이 제시되어 왔다. 일부 실내실험에서 대수법칙을 통한 소류력 산정 방식은 직접 측정을 통해 검증한 바가 있으나 실제 하천은 난류의 공간 시간적 스케일이 실내 규모와 상이하여 국부 소류력에 영향을 미칠 수 있어 이러한 검증결과를 현장 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제 규모 하천에서 대수법칙을 활용한 국부 소류력 산정 결과와 레이놀즈 응력의 연직분포 측정을 통해 산정한 값과 비교하여 대수법칙 활용 소류력 산정 방식의 적용성을 검토하였다. 실험은 중소규모의 하천을 재현한 한국건설기술연구원 안동하천실험센터 직선(A1) 및 사행(A2) 하천의 유속측정을 수행하였으며, 유속 측정에는 정밀도가 높으나 실내에서 주로 사용된 초음파지점유속계(Micro ADV)를 현장에 설치하여 사용하였다. ADV의 관측 시간은 90초이며, 직선수로에서는 횡방향으로 25 cm 간격, 수심방향으로는 5 ~ 10 cm 간격으로 측정하였고, 사행수로는 횡방향으로 50 cm 간격, 수심방향 5 ~ 10 cm 간격으로 측정을 수행하였다. 실험결과 대수법칙과 레이놀즈 분포로부터 산정된 국부 소류력은 사행과 직선 모두 상당한 이격을 보였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.547-553
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• 2020

As aging infrastructures increase along with time, the efficient maintenance becomes more significant and accurate responses from the sensors are pre-requisite. Among various responses, strain is commonly used to detect damage such as crack and fatigue. Optical fiber sensor is one of the promising sensing techniques to measure strains with high-durability, immunity for electrical noise, long transmission distance. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is a point sensor to measure the strain based on reflected signals from the grating, while Brillouin Optic Correlation Domain Analysis (BOCDA) is a distributed sensor to measure the strain along with the optical fiber based on scattering signals. Although the FBG provides the signal with high accuracy and reproducibility, the number of sensing points is limited. On the other hand, the BOCDA can measure a quasi-continuous strain along with the optical fiber. However, the measured signals from BOCDA have low accuracy and reproducibility. This paper proposed a multi-fidelity data-fusion method based on Gaussian Process Regression to improve the fidelity of the strain distribution by fusing the advantages of both systems. The proposed method was evaluated by laboratory test. The result shows that the proposed method is promising to improve the fidelity of the strain.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4C
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• pp.163-174
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• 2009

Mechanical device using the load cell or strain gage sensor can be influenced by tempearute changes because temperature change can cause a shift in the load cell or straing gage output at zero loading. In this paper, micro cone penetrometers with 1~7mm in diameter, are developed by using an optical fiber sensor (FBG: Fiber Bragg Grating) to compensate the continous temperature change during cone penetration test. Note the temperature compensated method using optical fiber sensor which has hair-size in diameter, and is not affected by environmental conditions because the measured data is the wavelength shifting of the light instead of the intensity of the electric voltage. Temperature effect test shows that the output voltage of strain gage changes and increases with an increase in the temperature. A developed FBG cone penetrometer, however, achieves excellent temperature compensation during penetration, and produces continuous change of underground temperature. In addition, the temperature compensated FBG cone shows the excellent sensitivity and detects the interface of the layered soils with higher resolution. This study demonstrates that the fiber optic sensor renders the possibility of the ultra small size cone and the new fiber optic cone may produce more reliable temperature compensated tip resistance.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2010

Investigating the trend of online gamers plays an important role in forecasting, marketing and making policy decision in gaming industry. In this regards, various studies on gamers' trend and characteristics have been conducted. However, these precedent studies show limitation that they're static analysis since they are usually based on the surveys at a certain point. Therefore, this paper aims to identify some implications on forthcoming directions of gaming industry by analyzing dynamic trend of gamers based on the 8 years(from 2002 to 2009) of data from White Paper on Korean Games. Major implications found in this paper are as follows. Negative perception of games increases as the number of gamers increases. Among juveniles, games became a substitute for TV and the amount of time they play games depends on the existence and type of popular games of that time. Also, most item trading is intensively done by a small number of gamers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2009

Heavy structures such as large roof structures and superbeams were lifted using hydraulic jacks. Moreover, member verticality and horizontality checks were performed at every construction stage to monitor the measuring tapes for their structural safety, using CCTV. When the relative displacement exceeded the predetermined limit, the hydraulic systems were terminated. After adjusting the relative displacement manually, lifting was resumed. The accuracy of the relative displacement was found not to be reliable, however, due to eye check using CCTV, and it took a long time due to manual adjustment. Moreover, real-time monitoring was impossible. To address these problems, the monitoring-evaluation system for the stable lifting of heavy structures was proposed, using the total station of the automatic-target-recognition type, laser-distance-measuring devices, a data logger, a strain gauge, and others. After developing a program for the operation of the system and for the acquisition of data, a mock-up test was conducted in a large-scale structural laboratory to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the system. The stable acquisition and applicability of data was confirmed in the test.