• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

Objectives：This study was conducted to compare the memory function among the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), the learning disorder(LD) and the comorbidity disorder(ADHD+LD) groups. Methods：Thirty-four children(11 ADHD, 5 LD, 9 ADHD+LD, and 8 Psychiatric control) were individually assessed using the KEDI-WISC and Memoty Assessment Scale(MAS), and then the results of those test were analyzed. Results：In memory test, all of three group showed lower performances than control group. The comorbidity, the LD and the ADHD group showed lower scores in almost subtests of MAS respectively. The good performance in memory test was significantly correlated with the types of memory strategy and error response children used during testing. Discussion：The clinical utility of the memory test like MAS was discussed in terms of differential diagnosis for ADHD, LD and ADHD+LD children.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 1996

After rapid eye movement(REM) sleep was idenified in 1953, a lively interest developed concerning a possible role of this kind of sleep in memory processes. The author reviewed studies relating REM to memory/learning. Many studies in animals and humans gave substantial evidence for relating REM sleep to memory function. The evidence supporting the position taken in this paper comes from experiments showing that : (1) learning session is followed by the significant augmentation of REM sleep : (2) REM sleep deprivation, prior to learning or immediately thereafter, impairs the formation of a permanent memory/learning : (3) there is a vulnerable period of time(eg, REM sleep "window") following succussful learning, during which REM sleep deprivation results in memory impairment : (4) theta rhythm which develops during REM sleep induces long-term potentiation in hippocampus : (5) there are some evidences providing the relationship of neurotransmitter systems to the maintenance of REM sleep and memory storage processes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.123-128
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• 2012

Evidence suggests that even low-dose irradiation can lead to progressive cognitive decline and memory deficits, which implicates, in part, hippocampal dysfunction in both humans and experimental animals. This study examined whether diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) could attenuate memory impairment, using passive avoidance and object recognition test, and suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis, using the TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical detection with markers of neurogenesis (Kiel 67 (Ki-67) and doublecortin (DCX)) in adult mice treated with gamma radiation (0.5 or 2 Gy). DDC was administered intraperitonially at a dosage of 1,000 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ of body weight at 30 min. before irradiation. In passive avoidance and object recognition memory test, the mice, trained for 1 day after acute irradiation (2 Gy) showed significant memory deficits compared with the sham controls. The number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus (DG) was increased 12 h after irradiation. In addition, the number of Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells were significantly decreased. DDC treatment prior to irradiation attenuated the memory defect, and blocked the apoptotic death. DDC may attenuate memory defect in a relatively low-dose exposure of radiation in adult mice, possibly by inhibiting a detrimental effect of irradiation on hippocampal neurogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.7-36
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• 1996

Recebt neuropsychological studies on neurobiological bases of learning and memory in humans are reviewed. At present, cognitive psychologists belive that memory is not a unitary system. But copmosed of several independent subsystems. Adoption this perspective,this paper summarized findings regarding what kinds of memory discorders result from lesions of which brain areas and which brain areas are activated by what kind of learning/memory tasks. Short-term memory seems to involve widespread areas around the boundaries among the parietal,occipital,and temporal lobes,depending on the type of the type of the tasks and the way of presentation of the stimuli. Implicit memory,a subsystem of long-term memory,is not a unitary system itself. Thus,brain areas involved in implicit memory tasks used. It is well-known that medial temporal lobe is necessary for formation(i,e.,consolidation)of explicit memory,another subsystem of long-term memory. Storage and/or retrieval of episodic and semantic memory involve temporal neocortex. Perfromtal cortex seemas to be involved in several aspects of memory such as short term memory and retrieval of espisodic and semantic memory. Finally, a popular view on the locus of long-term memory storage is described.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.507-512
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• 2008

This study investigated the navigation ability of patients with MCI in Virtual Environments(VE) and on the visual functioning. The participants consisted of elderly adults with/without MCI. Neuropsychological tests(RCFT, BVRT, TMT, and Digit Span), the Groton Maze Learning Test(12trials), and the VE navigation learning task(6 trials) were performed. As a result, there were significant group differences for the RCFT and BVRT, but not for the GMLT. For the VE task, there was a significant difference between the MCI and normal group and no interactions between the groups and trials were found. The VE task was correlated with The RCFT, the BVRT, and the GMLT and omnibus the RCFT and the BVRT accounted for 45% of VE performances. Thus, we concluded that patients with MCI are inferior to VE navigation and visual retention/memory play a role in navigation abilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2020.07a
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• pp.607-610
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• 2020

21세기 핵심 키워드 중 하나로 두뇌 산업이 떠오르고 있다. 미국, 일본 등 선진 국가에서는 이미 뇌 연구에 활발한 투자가 진행되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 출생과 성장기 뇌 발달에 문제가 발생하는 발달 장애 아동을 위한 음악 치료 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 효과적인 발달 장애 치료를 위해, 조기 발견 후 인지 학습 치료가 필요하다. 그 중 인지 기능과 자가 관리 기능을 기르는 것이 중요한데, 리듬 타이밍 훈련이 발달 장애 아동의 기억 능력 개선에 도움이 된다는 여러 입증된 연구 결과가 있다. 그러나 아직까지 발달 장애 아동을 위한 적절한 치료 방법이 없기에 본 논문에서는 인지 학습 치료가 필요한 아동에게 도움을 주기 위해 동요의 정확한 리듬, 음정을 학습하는 프로그램을 제안한다. 아동의 지속적인 흥미를 끌 수 있는 게임과 인지능력 훈련을 결합하였기에, 보다 좋은 학습 효과를 유도할 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2004

배아줄기 세포는 신경퇴행성 질환의 치료 수단으로 많은 가능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 중풍 동물모델에서 수중미로 학습을 이용하여 중풍 치료제로서 인간배아줄기 세포의 인지 및 기억력 장애에 대한 기능 회복의 효능을 검토하였고, 인간배아줄기 세포의 신경세포 보호효과를 규명하기 위하여 면역조직화학 염색법을 이용하여 해마내의 세포사멸을 측정하였으며, 인지 및 기억증진의 작용을 규명하기 위하여 아세틸콜린성 신경세포의 활성도를 측정하였다. (중략)

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2011

In this thesis, a field experience activity support system is designed and implemented for improving social skills of children with developmental disabilities. The proposed system is designed to allow the students to experience various field activities around their local community. The proposed system has the following characteristics. First, it can improve effectiveness of field experience by providing very practical pre-study information to students. Second, the systems provides very practical and real-world problem-solving abilities rather than providing simple experience and superficial information. Third, the system allows students to change the contents according to their local community environments and purpose of use. Fourth, the system can be used as education for living at home as well as field experience study at schools. After applying the proposed system to students with developmental disabilities, the following positive results are obtained. First, the system have good effect on students with severe developmental disabilities when the system is used for prestudy. Specially those students are highly interested and motivated on study subjects. Second, at real field experience study place, students are well adapted and are very interested in their activities. Third, in the light of post-evaluation after field experience, it is reported that lots of study contents remain in their memory.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 2016

An anti-amnesic effect of water extract from Dendropanax morbifera Lev. leaves (DMW) on memory dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated to assess its potential industrial value. Daily administration of DMW (11 weeks) significantly reduced serum glucose, insulin, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels increased by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg). In addition, the administration of DMW decreased escape latency and increased the time spent in the platform quadrant in the Morris water maze test. Step-through latency in a passive avoidance test was also improved. Finally, DMW produced ameliorating effects on STZ-induced cholinergic deficit through an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and the increment of acetylcholine level in the hippocampus. These results suggest that DMW might be used as a natural substance for improving diabetic induced cognitive impairment.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.237-259
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• 2011

Mathematics learning disabilities is a specific learning disorder affecting the normal acquisition of arithmetic and spatial skills. Reported prevalence rates range from 5 to 10 percent and show high rates of comorbid disabilities, such as dyslexia and ADHD. In this study, the characteristics and the causes of this disorder has been examined. The core cause of mathematics learning disabilities is not clear yet: it can come from general cognitive problems, or disorder of innate intuitive number module could be the cause. Recently, researchers try to subdivide mathematics learning disabilities as (1) semantic/memory type, (2) procedural/skill type, (3) visuospatial type, and (4) reasoning type. Each subtype is related to specific brain areas subserving mathematical cognition. Based on these findings, the author has performed a basic research to develop grade specific diagnostic tests: number processing test and math word problems for lower grades and comprehensive math knowledge tests for the upper grades. The results should help teachers to find out prior knowledge, specific weaknesses of students, and plan personalized intervention program. The author suggest diagnostic tests are organized into 6 components. They are number sense, conceptual knowledge, arithmetic facts retrieval, procedural skills, mathematical reasoning/word problem solving, and visuospatial perception tests. This grouping will also help the examiner to figure out the processing time for each component.