• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1264-1269
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of rice starch addition, including native, acetylated, and hydroxypropy-lated rice starch, on the quality characteristics of instant fried noodles. Compared to 100% wheat flour (control), flours containing acetylated or hydroxypropylated rice starch showed reduced initial pasting temperatures as well as peak and breakdown viscosities as determined using a Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA). The addition of acetylated and hydroxylated rice starch as well as native rice starch increased cooked weight, volume, and water absorption of the fried noodles compared to control noodles. The addition of native rice starch tended to increase softness of noodles, whereas addition of acetylated or hydroxypropylated rice starch significantly lowered hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values. The results of the sensory evaluation indicate that noodles containing rice starch showed improved sensory characteristics such as color, appearance, flavor, taste, and texture. Especially, acetylated rice starch could be used to improve eating quality of instant fried noodles.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.244-249
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• 2006

Electrostatic spray pyrolysis, a novel fabrication technique, has been used in this study to prepare calcium phosphate nano powders. Final annealing was done at $400^{\circ}C$ for 30min in air. The hydroxyapatite - forming ability of the annealed powder has been evaluated in Eagle's minimum essential medium solution (MEM). X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission - scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope were used to characterized the annealed powders after immersion in MEM. The powder with an amorphous structure induced hydroxyapatite formation on their surfaces after immersion fer 15 days.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.720-726
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• 2022

The behavior changes of the lipid bilayer, induced by the hydroxybutyric-acid incorporation, were investigated with respect to each phase of the layer using fluorescence intensity change. Spherical phospholipid bilayers, called vesicles, were prepared using an emulsion technique. Only in the aqueous inside of the vesicles was encapsulated 8-Aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic-acid-disodium-salt(ANTS). p-Xylene-bis-N-pyridinium-bromide(DPX) was included as a quencher only outside of the vesicles. The fluorescence scale was calibrated with the ANTS-encapsulated vesicles in DPX-dispersed-buffer taken as 100% and the mixture of ANTS and DPX in the buffer as 0%. Hydroxybutyric-acid addition into the vesicle solution led the change in the bilayer. The change was found to be related to the phase of each layer according to the ratio of hydroxybutyric-acid to lipid. These results seem to depend on the stability of the vesicles, due to the osmotic and volumetric effects on the arrangement in both head-group and tail-group.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2008

It is noted that illegal hazardous foods containing unauthorized drugs or synthetic drung analogues are increasing. Especially, reported are unknown compounds that have the modified chemical structures of the anti-impotence drugs such as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tatalafil. In addition, it is very reserved, since illegal synthetic compounds having similar chemical structures modified from anti-impotence drug to avoid the government inspection are not proved their safety at all. This review in ulation to food safety, lists the illegal compounds added to foods and describes about the analytical methods to chanacterize 16 anti-impotence drug analogues such as homosildenafil, hongdenafil, pseudovardenafil, aminotadalafil, hydroxyhomosildenafil, hydroxyhongdenafil, dimethylsildenafil, xanthoanthrafil, hydroxyvardenafil, norneosildenafil, demethylhongdenafil, piperidinohongdenafil, carbodenafil, thiosildenafil, dimethylthiosildenafil, and acetylvardenafil.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporated nano HA on the demineralization resistance and bonding strength of LC GIC in comparison with micro HA. Fuji II LC GIC was used as the control group and a base material for experimental groups. Two experimental groups were prepared. One was prepared by adding 15% micro HA to LC GIC by weight ratio (Exp. 1), and the other was prepared by adding 15% nano HA instead (Exp. 2). According to the results, the following conclusions could be obtained. 1. Observing under the CLSM, the control group showed thicker enamel demineralization layer than in the experimental groups, and the Exp. 2 group showed the thinnest demineralization layer. 2. In SEM analysis, there was greater enamel demineralization in the control group. The Exp. 2 group was more resistant to demineralization compared to the Exp. 1 group. 3. The bonding strength was found to be in the increasing order of control, Exp. 1, and Exp. 2 group (p < 0.05). 4. Observing the fractured surfaces under SEM after the bonding strength test was performed, there were bone-like apatite particles formed in HA-added experimental groups, and a greater number of bone-like apatite particles were formed in the Exp. 2 group compared to the Exp. 1 group.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2016

Hydroxy acid has been used to enhance anti-aging and skin moisturization by peeling effect on the skin stratum corneum, and thus it has been widely used in topical products and cosmetic products. Among them, the effect that appears most effectively in a short period of time has been reported to be effected by the pH of the cosmetic formulations. However, there are many difficulties in use due to irritation caused by pH and concerns about side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying cosmetics with (1) varying concentrations, (2) types and (3) pH of hydroxy acid on human skin. 22 healthy adults were stained with DHA (dihydroxyacetone) and DC (dansyl chloride) on the forearm, and the skin exfoliation effect was measured after application of the test products. (1) The application of GA (glycolic acid) increased the desquamation by concentration dependent. (2) the test product prepared with neutral pH showed no exfoliation effect. In contrast, SA (salicylic acid) showed a statistically significant exfoliation effect at both acidic pH and neutral pH. (3) The neutral pH SA showed excellent exfoliation effect on bot DHA and DC stained stratum corneum. These results suggest that it is possible to manufacture safe cosmetics without damaging the skin barrier, providing an opportunity to use cosmetics that are expected to exfoliate to people, whose skin is sensitive to pH.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in demineralization resistance and bonding strength of light cured glass ionomer after the addition of nano hydroxyapatite in various ratios. Fuji II LC GIC (GC Co., Japan) was used as the control group and also as a base material for experimental group. HA was mixed into the RMGIC at various ratio to create a HA-LC GIC mixture, preparing six experimental groups, i.e. 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% HA-LC GIC. According to the results, the bonding strength increased due to the addition of HA, showing the maximum value at the 15% nano HA group (p < 0.05). Under CLSM observation after 4 days of demineralization, the HA groups were more resistant to demineralization compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed between HA groups. In analysis through SEM, the HA groups showed attachment of granular materials and decreased demineralized tooth surfaces under influence of HA particles.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.325-328
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• 2012

The condensation reaction of 9,9'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene with epichlorohydrin to prepare 9,9'-bis[4(glycidyloxy) phenyl]fluorene (2), an important building block for fluorene-containing epoxy polymers, has been studied. The reaction is found to be quite sensitive to several experimental conditions such as reaction temperature and time, added amount of epichlorohydrin, the presence of catalysts and the use of co-solvent. Several conditions for obtaining the best yield in the reaction are: the reaction temperature is below 373 K and the reaction time is shorter than 1.5 h, and the ammonium salts act as a catalyst. Also, the use of ternary solvent (toluene, DMSO, water) has been proved to be crucial to maintain the reaction temperature and for an easy purification. Thus, the reaction proceeds in an environment-friendly manner where the use of reactants and the production of chemical wastes is minimized.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HA) containing titania layer by HA blasting and anodization method to obtain advantages of both methods and evaluated biocompatibility. To fabricate the HA containing titania layer on titanium, HA blasting treatment was performed followed by microarc oxidation (MAO) using the electrolyte solution of 0.04 M ${\beta}$-glycerol phosphate disodium salt n-hydrate and 0.4 M calcium acetate n-hydrate on the condition of various applied voltages (100, 150, 200, 250 V) for 3 minutes. The experimental group was divided according to the surface treatment procedure: SM (simple machined polishing treatment), HA, MAO, HA+MAO 100, HA+MAO 150, HA+MAO 200, HA+MAO 250. The wettability of surface was observed by contact angle measurement. Biocompatibility was evaluated by cell adhesion, and cell differentiation including alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium concentration with MC3T3-E1 cells. The porous titanium oxide containing HA was formed at 150 and 200 V. These surfaces had a more hydrophilic characteristic. Biocompatibility was demonstrated that HA titania composite layer on titanium showed enhanced cell adhesion, and cell differentiation. Therefore, these results suggested that HA containing titania layer on titanium was improved biological properties that could be applied as material for dental implant system.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.426-432
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• 2004

To reduce volumetric shrinkage of the commercially available polymeric dental composite during curing reaction, (2,2-bis [4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxy propoxy) phenyl] propane) (bis -GMA) derivatives, i.e., (2,2-bis[3-methyl, 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxy propoxy) phenyl] propan) (DMBis-GMA) and (2,2-his [3,5-dimethyl ,4- (2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxy propoxy) phenyl] propane) (TMBis-GMA) were synthesized and then new dental composite resin composed of Bis-GMA derivatives, diluent, spiro orthocarbonate (SOC), and inorganic filler was produced. Among the Bis-GMA derivative/Bis-GMA derivative/diluent mixtures, Bis-GMA/ TMBis-GMA/TEGDMA mixture exhibited the lowest volumetric shrinkage. Volumetric shrinkage of this mixture was further reduced by adding SOC. Volumtric shrinkage of dental composite prepared from commercially available resin monomer mixture was $2.5\%$, while that prepared from resin monomer mixture having minimum volumetric shrinkage was reduced to $0.7\%$. Mechanical strength of this dental composite was nearly the same with that of commercial products but the time required for the curing reaction was retarded.