• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.185-196
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• 2000

Patients who want to reduce their lip protrusion usually estimate the severity of the lip protrusion on the frontal aspect. Most orthodontists have a perplexed experience of a reduced thin line of vermilion border on the frontal aspect as incisors we retracted, even though the lip protrusion is thought to be reduced favorably on the sagittal aspect. Some patients also look older after orthodontic treatment because of severe lip thinning. This unaesthetic reduction of vermilion border urges us to study the vertical lip change during orthodontic procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vertical lip and perioral soft tissue changes in respect to incisor retraction in an effort to analyze which factors might be responsible for their vertical changes, using the multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. 1. Upper and lower lip philtrum length(SnLs, LiB') were increased after retraction of anterior teeth, where as upper and lower vermilion height(LsSuls, StmiLi), and vermilion length(LsLi) were decreased. 2. Upper and lower lip length(SnStms, StmiB'), and soft tissue lower anterior facial height(SnMe') did not show any significant difference after treatment. 3. The increase of the upper lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the extrusion of upper anterior teeth(${\Delta}U1V$), and the increase of the lower lip philtrum length was mainly influenced by the initial overjet before treatment. 4. The decrease of the upper and lower lip vermilion height was mainly influenced by the decrease of upper lip thickness.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1974

1. Stylochus ijimai spawns from May to October with peak spawning from July to September, P. obscurus spawns from June to October with peak spawning from July to September. 2. S. ijimai spawns approximately 96,000-132,000 eggs by one spawning. 1. Just after spawnings, the eggs of S. ijimai were $102\mu$ in diameter, and those of P. obscurus were $108\mu$. 4. S. ijimai and P. obscurus have simple eggs. S. ijimai develop indirectly having Gotte larvae, while P. obscurus develop directly. 5. These two species show very similar patterns of early developments from maturation division of eggs to the gastrula stage. 6. The zygots of S. ijimai reaches mesentoblast stage 48 hours after fertilization, and Gotte larvae hatch out 7 days after fertilization. The zygots of P. obscurus reaches mesentoblast stage 72 hours after fertilization, and juveniles hatch out 14 days after fertilization. 7. S. ijimai, have 14 days of planktonic larvae stages bearing strong phototacic behavior : P. obscurus have 7 days of planktonic life without phototacic behavior. 8. Newly hatched larvae of S. ijimai and P. obscurus are $138\mu\;and\;170\mu$ in length respectively. The early creeping forms of S. ijimai and P. obscurus are $152\mu\;and\;185\mu$ in length respectively. 9. In the early creeping stage S. ijimai are characterized by testing processes and flattening of the body. In the same stage P. obscurus lost 2 eye-spots in the cerebral area. 10. The early creeping larvae of these two species were found only in mud-flat substrates.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.50-55
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• 2000

Occurrence, Injury aspects and control effect of some chemicals were investigated on tomato in plastic house from 1997 to 1998. Adults trapped by yellow sticky trap and sweeping net were increased from late May abruptly. Survey of population densities by yellow sticky trap was more clear than sweeping net. Damaged leaves were found out all the year round in continuous cropping fields and rate of damaged leaves was below 20% in early April and increased gradually up to 80% level after late May. Otherwise, damaged leaves were appeared from 6 weeks after transplanting in first growing field and then damaged leaves was 80% level in spring culture. In autumn culture, rate of damaged leaves was maintained 80% level from transplanting to harvesting date regardless of cultivation years. Number of adults was trapped from late May and peak was late June but mature larva was $6{\sim}8$ individuals in spring culture. In autumn culture, adult and larval densities was maintained high for 3 weeks after transplanting but begun to decrease from 4 weeks(early September). Chlorfenapyr EC, cyromazine WP and abamectin EC could suppress larval populations of Liriomyza trifolii effectively.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.26
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• pp.125-149
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• 2007

Until the late 19th century, $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu(歌曲源流)$\lrcorner$ was a collection of songs which had powerful influence on Gagog tradition. However, its role on Gagog(歌曲) tradition since then is less well known. Generally, it is presumed that Gagog tradition might disappeared by giving way to modern song genre. So this article question that $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ became extinct rapidly between the late 19th century and early 20th century, and follow $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ tradition of early 20th century. Gagog instruction for beginner had a clue to answer this question. This instruction was written by Ha Son-il(河順一) who was a teacher and singer in a private music institute. named 'ChoyangGurakbu(調陽俱樂部). Accordingly, this article has processed two phases in order to find out this question. First of all, this article analyzed Gagog instruction that Ha soon-il edited. As a result, it found out that Gagog instruction included the whole $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$'s contents in the 19th century and was transmitted actively until the early 20th century. Second, this article found out $\ulcorner$Gagogwonryu$\lrcorner$ tradition of the early 20th century by analyzing character of ChoyangGurakbu. And also this article discovered ChoyangGurakbu had been managed by an vigorous aid association. Gagog instruction for beginner written by Ha Son-il had spreaded from strength to strength in the early 20th century.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2002

Occurrence of scarabs at sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki var. Fuyu) orchards was investigated by mercury light traps every one week interval in several areas in Gyeongnam province including, Jinju, Sacheon, Sancheong, and Gimhae, from April to September in 2000 and 2001. In addition, damage of persimmon by scarabs was observed every ten days interval at three orchards in Jinju and at one in Gimhae from late May to late October. Although sixteen species of 12 genera were attracted to the traps, species and number of catches were different according to orchards and years. Holotrichia morosa was most dominant in Jinju, Sacheon, and Sancheong. Total number of scarabs attracted to the traps was highest at the orchard surrounded by chestnut orchards in Sancheong. Fruits of sweet persimmon were not damaged by scarabs at the studied orchards. However, leaves and calyxes were slightly damaged by Adoretus tenuimaculatus. Maximum average numbers of the damaged leaves and calyxes throughout the year by A. tenuimaculatus were 0.33 leaves from 10 new shoots and 0.07 calyxes from 15 fruits. Gametis jucunda and Popillia mutans damaged flowers and calyxes. Maximum average numbers of damaged flowers and calyxes by these 2 species were the same as 0.03 from 15 flowers and 15 calyxes, respectively. These levels of damage suggest that the scarabs are not economically injurious to sweet persimmon fruits in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2013

The percent of diseased fruit by Diaporthe citri was the most 16.8% in 2010 and the least 3.8% in 2005, and the average was 8.8% from 2003 to 2012. The degrees of disease incidence were relatively high, 17.0, 22.6, 19.2 and 18.9%, in 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2010, respectively. The percent of diseased fruit by Elsinoe fawcettii was the most 0.72% in 2004, and then gradually decreased to 0.08% in 2008, and the average was from 0.28% from 2004 to 2011. In case of canker by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, the percent of diseased fruit was the most 2.19% in 2004, and gradually decreased to 0.08 and 0.10% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The average was 0.81% from 2004 to 2012. The melanose by D. citri was most in south-east area of Jeju Island, and east and west in case of canker. The melanose symptoms were initially appeared from mid June, mainly peaked late of July to late August. The canker symptoms were initially produced on leaves of natsudaidai and grapefruit cultivated in open field middle of June in 2010 and 2011 and late of May in 2012. The scab disease was firstly appeared approx. early or mid May and then rapidly increased late of May to middle of June. The inoculum was mainly produced from dead twigs late June to early of August.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2010

Maize double cropping with winter cereals is important for round-year production of forage or grain, and increase of self-sufficiency of upland grain crops such as maize and wheat. Changes of maize growth and yield for forage or grain according to late planting in June for double cropping with winter barely were investigated compared to proper planting in April for three years from 2007 to 2009. Forage and grain yields of maize planted in mid or late June decreased by 20~30% compared to proper planting in April, but total grain yields per year of double cropping increased by 30~40% compared to single cropped maize. Reduction of ear dry matter was less than that of stalk in late planting within maize plant part. Yield reduction by late planting was the least at Kwangpyeongok, which showed the highest grain yield, 850 kg $10a^{-1}$ in even though late planting in June. Meteorological condition during harvesting time of double cropped maize, which in late September (forage) and mid October (grain), were better than that of conventional maize harvesting time which in late August and mid September. It is thought that more researches for double cropped maize for higher grain production is needed in the future.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2002

The seasonal occurrence trends of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali, and the brown malmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, were monitored in sweet persimmon orchards in southern region of Korea using light traps (in 2000 and 2001), and aggregation pheromone traps (methyl (E, E, Z)-2 ,4, 6-decatrienoate)) of P. stali (in 2001). Light trap data showed that H. halys started to occur from the end of June, and reached its peak in early or mid August, while P. stali was mostly attracted to the traps from mid July to late August without any distinct attraction peak. Both species did not occur after September in the persimmon orchards studied. The attraction patterns of both species to aggregation pheromone traps were different from those observed in light traps. Both species were attracted to the pheromone traps from mid May to late August. The peak occurrence of H. halys could not be detected due to low catches. However, the period of peak attraction for P. stali was from late June to late August depending on the geographical locations. The aggregation pheromone traps of P. stali attracted more number of P stali than H. hails, but the light traps showed a reverse pattern. In both species, more females were attracted to the aggregation pheromone traps than males. The difference of attraction patterns between 2 types of traps was discussed in relation to content of soluble tannin in persimmon fruits.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2014

Seasonal occurrences of three Tortricinae species were monitored at persimmon orchard in Changwon city ($35^{\circ}$09'18.16"N $128^{\circ}$34'43.63"E), Gyeongnam, Korea, by using sex attractant traps in 2012 and 2013. The two years of monitoring revealed that Adoxophyes honmai and Homona magnanima occurred four times a year, and Neocalyptis angustilineata did three times. Peak occurrence of A. honmai was recorded in mid-May, from early to mid-July, from late July to early August, and from mid- to late September for the generation, respectively. H. magnanima population peaked during mid- to late May, mid-July, from late August to early September, and from late September to mid-October for the generation, respectively. N. angustilineata showed three clear peaks from late May to early June, in late July, and from early to mid-September for the first, second, and third generation, respectively.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-108
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• 1996

This study was intended to perform cephalometric analysis of the facial soft tissue profile after surgical correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion after SSRO in 29 patients (Males 12, females 17). Lateral cephalograms were taken in centric occlusion before and immediate, long term after surgeries. 1. Counter-clockwise rotation of mandible was observed after the surgery, average relapses of mandibular set back were 1.23-1.28mm. The net effects of the mandibular set-back after surgeries were 81.7-82.2%. Because these relapse tendencies may reduce the effects of the surgical outcomes, surgeon must consider these net before the surgical treatment planning. 2. The ratio of horizontal changes of hard tissue to soft tissue at lower lip, mentolabial sulcus, pogonion were 72.7-93.7%, 100.3%, 99.1-102.1% respectively. There were little changes at upper lip position anteroposteriorly. 3. The relationship of upper and lower lips were improved after surgery. Lower lip was posteriorly repostioned and upper lip was flattend and elongated in conjunction with deepening of inferior lobial sulcus. But profile of chin was still prominent after surgery. 4. Hard tissue horizontal changes and tissue vertical changes were significantly correlated with each other and there were reverse correlations with hard tissue vertical changes and soft tissue horizontal changes.