• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.259
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• pp.70-71
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• 2011

`의사가 제대로 설명해주지 않는다', '진료시간이 너무 짧다' 등의 말은 환자의 입에서 자주 오르내리는 불만사항이다. 게다가 당뇨병 환자는 갖가지 합병증을 앓다보면 치료받아야 할 일이 많아져 그만큼 병원 가야할 일도 잦아지는데, 그러다보면 예기치 못하게 의료사고의 피해자가 될 수 있다. 의료사고가 발생해도 전문지식을 가진 병원을 상대로 승소하기가 힘들다보니 속수무책으로 당할 수밖에 없는 게 환자의 처지다. 사례를 통해 의료사고에 대한 지식을 넓혀보자.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1988.02a
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• pp.36-37
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• 1988

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.89-120
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• 2008

With petroleum being a major source of energy in Korea, the quantity of petroleum transported via ocean routes is on its way up due to increased consumption. Due to the increase, more than 300 cases of pollution caused by petroleum occur annually. Moreover, the number of oil-spill accidents is also on the rise. Causes of such accidents, not including the disposal of waste oil on purpose, turn out to be human error during navigation or defects in the vessels, showing that most accidents are caused by humans. Therefore, to prevent future oil spills, it is imperative that navigation efficiency be enhanced by improving the quality of navigators and replacing old vessels with newer ones. Nevertheless, such improvements cannot occur overnight, so long- and mid-term efforts should be made to achieve it institutionally. As large-scale oil-spill accidents can happen at anytime along the coastal waters of Korea, it is necessary to set-up institutional devices which go beyond the compensation limit of 92FC. The current special law regarding this issue has its limits in that it prescribes compensation be supplemented solely by national taxes. Therefore, the setting-up of a new 'national fund' is recommended for consideration rather than to subscribe to the '2003 Convention for the Supplementary Fund'. It is strongly suggested that a National fund be created from fees collected from oil companies based on the risks involved in oil transportation and according to the profiteers pay principle. In addition, a public fund should be created to handle general environmental damage, such as the large-scale destruction of the ecosystem, which is distinct from the economic damage that harms the local people. The posterior responses to the large-scale oil spill have always been unsatisfactory because of the symbolic nature of the disasters included in such accidents. Oil-spills can be prevented in advance, because they are caused by human beings. But once they occur, they inflict long-term damage to both human life and the natural ecosystem. Therefore, the best response to future oil-spills is to work to prevent them.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to investigate how resistant poplar hybrid makes compensation to ozone stress. Growth, net assimilation rate and initial Rubisco activity were investigated. This study elucidates the physiological mechanisms associated with ozone sensitivity and resistance in 3 selected $F_2$ hybrids, a family originating from a cross between Populus trichocarpa${\times}$P. deltoides. Open-top chambers were used. Ozone concentrations varied from 90 to 115 ppb for 126 days, 6 to 9 hours in a day. This study tested the hypothesis that resistant poplar hybrid maintains the biomass production to ozone exposure via increased net assimilation rate and Rubisco activity. Growth, biomass, net assimilation rate and initial Rubisco activity were generally reduced by ozone treatment. In the tree parts, root under ozone stress was the most sensitive part. Reduced allocation of photosynthates to root growth might be due to increased respiratory demands for maintenance and repair of aboveground tissue damaged by ozone stress. Maintenance or increases remaining leaves in photosynthetic rates and Rubisco activity in resistant clone in response to ozone treatment were the results of biological compensation to ozone stress.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.184-186
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• 2002

우리나라는 매년 홍수피해가 되풀이되고 있다. 홍수피해는 댐, 제방시설 등의 사전적 예방조치 이외에 보험을 통한 사후적 보상제도가 절대적으로 필요하다. 그러나 국내에는 아직 홍수보험제도가 도입되지 않고 있어 문제가 되고 있다. 피해자의 경우 정부로부터의 최소한의 복구지원금을 받고 있을 뿐이다. 이에 본 고에서는 국내 홍수피해 현황을 살펴보고 홍수보험의 도입방안을 제시한다. 홍수보험의 도입을 위하여 정부, 보험회사 및 주민의 인식전환이 필요하다. 참여주체별 역할에 대해서 살펴보면, 정부는 보험료 일부를 지원하여야 하며, 특히 거대보험사고에 대한 최종 지급보증(재보험회사 역할)을 하여야 한다. 그렇지 않으면 이익추구를 목표로 하는 보험회사가 거대위험에 대한 부담감으로 홍수위험의 인수를 기피하기 때문이다. 물론 보험회사도 홍수보험에 관한 한 어느 정도 사회공익적 차원에서 보험을 운영한다는 자세가 필요하다. 개인도 당연히 자신의 사유시설물에 대한 위험관리의 주체가 되어야 하며, 이를 위하여 보험료를 부담하겠다는 인식 전환이 필요하다.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.197
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• pp.16-25
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• 2019

2003년 12월 10일 국내에서 첫 AI 발생이후 2018년 3월 17일까지 우리는 총 11차례의 AI(조류인플루엔자) 피해를 겪었다. 정부는 매번 AI 예방 대책을 발표하고 있지만 축산농가들에게만 책임을 전가하고 가중시키는, 실효성이 전혀 없는 공염불 대책이라는 지적이다. AI 발생 때마다 실시하는 역학조사 결과는 매번 철새에 의해 국내로 유입된 바이러스가 차량이나 사람 등을 통해 농장 내로 유입된 것으로 추정만 하고 있다. 결국 AI의 정확한 발생원인 조차 명확히 밝혀내지 못하면서 해당 축산농가와 축산관련 종사자들에게 그 책임을 떠넘기고 있는 것이다. 정녕 눈에 보이지 않는 바이러스로 인한 질병 발생의 책임을 계속해서 농가가 떠안아야 하는 것일까? 2017년 평창 동계올림픽을 대비해 시범적으로 실시하였던 겨울철 오리농가 사육제한 사업이 올해로 3번째 시행을 앞두고 있다. 세계 어느 나라에서도 전례가 없는 반강제적 사육제한이 우리나라에서는 정례화되고 있는 것이다. 매년 겨울철마다 30%에 달하는 오리농가들이 사육을 제한당하면서 오리고기의 수급 불안이 가중되고 있지만 정작 피해을 입은 오리농가를 위한 정책은 전혀 없다. 97%가 계열화되어 있는 오리산업의 특성상 관련 종오리장 부화장 도축장 등으로 피해가 직결되고 있지만 이에 대한 보상대책은 전무한 것이다. AI 뒤에 남은 오리업계의 피눈물은 과연 누가 책임 질 것인가?

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.477-477
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• 2021

지구온난화로 인한 집중호우 및 태풍의 발생 횟수와 강도가 증가함에 따라 홍수피해가 증가하고 있으며, 특히 도로침수는 피해 측면에서 '복구-보상' 중심의 사후처리 체계에서 벗어나 '예방-대응-관리'를 통한 사전 재난대응 체계로 정책 전환이 요구되고 있다. 이에, 도로침수관련 재난정책의 기반기술이 될 수 있는 '도로침수 실시간 예측·감시 및 운영 기술'을 경상남도 진주시를 대상으로 침수피해 관련 지역현안을 해결하고자 하며, 강우예측자료를 활용한 침수해석, CCTV영상을 이용한 AI기반 실시간 침수감시, 공간 빅데이터 기반 침수정보제공, e-SOP 등 다양한 기술이 융합된 실증 연구로 이루어진다. 본 연구결과물이 실용화되어 도로침수통합관리시스템으로 운영된다면 지역 수재해 대응력 향상에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2001

Tankers have somewhat different shapes in construction and working condition compared with normal merchant ship. If an accident occurs, normal merchant ship's damages will mostly be confined to ship and cargo, but those of tankers will result in oil spills and catastrophic loss beyond our imagination. So, first we must understand risk factors, pre-loss control and post-loss control, legal regulations about its indemnification and marine insurance for oil tanker operation. When unexpected accidents happen, despite pre-loss control, it is possible to cover those kinds of losses by insurance. To control these losses, however, it is important to establish compensation for oil pollution and arrange for oil pollution preventing system. In spite of these oil pollution preventing systems, we have rarely seen that pollution from oil tankers could be solved. So this paper was studied more fundamental and overall control measures for the risk management of oil tanker operation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-197
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• 2015

The development of IT expanded the scale of e-commerce, and grew large Internet shopping malls. As having raised the consumers' interest in overseas direct purchase(ODP) recently, the number and purchasing amount of ODP are constantly increasing. However, consumers need to pay attention to the potential problems which might happen by consumer's damage and conflict, as increasing the consumption through ODP. Because consumer's damages on utilizing ODP happen to the reason such as the trust problem between business and consumer due to the way which traded non face to face, non-compliance of goods delivery, returns, and refunds, and information asymmetry of items, a large number of consumer's damages in a wide range are much more likely to occur nowadays. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of ODP, and propose consumer damage's reduction and policy of the government through pre or post scheme for consumer damage's relief and consumer protection. As the compensation for consumer damages is actually inadequate, this study proposed a feasible alternative to the adoption of e-commerce insurance for both aggressive compensation and protection for consumer's damages and risk transfer and sustainable development of e-commerce.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop economic injury level (EIL) of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci, on welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L. var) in the early transplanting stage. The changes of welsh onion biomass, yield loss, and T. tabaci density were investigated according to the inoculation periods of T. tabaci. In the early transplanting stage of welsh onion, the yield loss (%) increased with increasing inoculation periods: 17.0, 53.3, 38.4, and 80.8% yield loss in 5, 10, 15, and 20 d inoculation periods, respectively. The relationship between Cumulative Insect Days (CID) of T. tabaci and yield loss (%) of welsh onion was well described by a nonlinear logistic equation. Using the estimated equation, EIL of T. tabaci on welsh onion was estimated to 30 CID per plant based on the yield loss 12% (an empirical gain threshold 5% + marketable rate 93% of welsh onion). ET was calculated to 24 CID, which corresponds to 80% of EIL. Until a more defined EIL-model is developed, the present results should be useful for T. tabaci management in early growth stage of welsh onion. The effect of T. tabaci attack on the yield of welsh onion in late growing season (120 days after transplanting) was also examined. The yield of welsh onion increased at a low population density of T. tabaci and decreased at higher densities, showing a typical over-compensatory response.