• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2009

This study tried to investigate how three levels of arousal affect performance of a 3-back task. Ten university male (age $25.7{\pm}1.5$) and ten female (age $24.5{\pm}1.8$) students participated in this experiment. Using pictures selected from a group test, three levels of arousal, i.e. tensed, neutral, and relaxed emotions, were induced. Each subject was run through the procedure three times, once for each arousal level. The procedure consisted of six phases for each arousal condition Rest 1(2 min), Picture 1(presenting emotion arousing photos for 2 min), 3-back task 1(2 min), Picture 2(presenting emotion arousing photos for 2 min), 3-back task 2(2 min), and Rest 2(2 min). Skin conductance level(SCL) of electrothermal activity was also measured during all phases of the experiment. The accuracy rate of 3-back task performance was the highest at a neutral emotional state, followed by relaxed and then tensed emotional state. There was no difference in reaction time(RT) among the three levels of arousal. SCL was the highest at a tensed emotional state, followed by neutral emotional state and then relaxed emotional state. Based on the results, it could be inferred that tension, induced by stimuli unrelated to cognitive tasks, decreases the ability to perform cognitive tasks.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2015

The healing effect of the aroma treated fabrics with lavender and lemon aromas was investigated by assessing the autonomic nervous responses of human body. For this cause Lemon and lavender microcapsules were coated on a cotton fabric using a water-based acrylic binder, respectively. And the study created a total of four aroma treated fabrics at a concentration of 2% and 5% respectively. Electrocardiogram(ECG), skin conductance, and Blood flow, of ten participants were measured for 30 sec at a stable condition, at a stress status (working memory task), and at a stimulation status (after rubbing aroma treated fabrics). Subjective sensibilities of the aromas were also evaluated. With regard to the responses of the autonomic nervous system, in order to understand how the values gained after the normalization process would cause different physiological signals between the stable state and the aroma-stimulated state as well as between the stress state and the aroma-stimulated state, the study conducted a non-parametric test, friedman test as well and analyzed tendencies. LF/HF turned out to be significantly different to the stress state, and according to the results of the post-hoc comparison, lemon 5% presented statistically significant differences among the lavender 2%, lavender5%, lemon2%. Lemon 5% stimuli increased stress but stimuli consisting of the lavender 2%, the lavender 5% and the lemon 2% decreased stress because of a psychological rest. And the stimuli of the lavender 2%, the lavender 5%, the lemon 2% presented a healing effect in this research.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

Although the biosignal is the best way to represent the human condition, it is difficult to acquire the biosignal of a driver driving for detecting driver's condition. As one of the methods to overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a driving stress monitoring system based on information provided by OBD-II(on-board diagnostics version II). The driving information and EDA(Electrodermal activity) data are obtained through the OBD-II scanner and E4 wristband, respectively. EDA data is used as ground truth to distinguish whether driver is stressed or not. MLP(multi-layer perceptron) neural network is used as a model to detect driving stress and is trained using driving data for about a month. To evaluate the proposed system, we used about 1 hour of driving data and the accuracy is 92%.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2017

Emotion affects many parts of human life such as learning ability, behavior and judgment. It is important to understand human nature. Emotion can only be inferred from facial expressions or gestures, what it actually is. In particular, emotion is difficult to classify not only because individuals feel differently about emotion but also because visually induced emotion does not sustain during whole testing period. To solve the problem, we acquired bio-signals and extracted features from those signals, which offer objective information about emotion stimulus. The emotion pattern classifier was composed of unsupervised learning algorithm with hidden nodes and feature vectors. Restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) based on probability estimation was used in the unsupervised learning and maps emotion features to transformed dimensions. The emotion was characterized by non-linear classifiers with hidden nodes of a multi layer neural network, named deep belief network (DBN). The accuracy of DBN (about 94 %) was better than that of back-propagation neural network (about 40 %). The DBN showed good performance as the emotion pattern classifier.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare anti-Inflammation and anti-oxidation of Jeondo-San(JDS) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and water. Methods : Two kinds of JDS extractions were prepared 20, 50, $100\;{\mu}g/mg$. The Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effects were measured by inhibitory efficacy on $PGE_2$, NO, TNF-$\alpha$, COX-2 and iNOS in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effects were measured by ROS inhibitory efficacy, intracellular GSH synthesis and DPPH Radical scavenging in HaCaT cell. Results : 1. All of JDS extraction groups had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of $PGE_2$. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. 3. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of NO. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. 4. All of JDS extraction groups did not show significantly inhibitory effect on production of TNF-$\alpha$. 5. $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with ethanol and $50\;{\mu}g/ml$, $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with water showed inhibitory effect on iNOS expression. 6. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on production of ROS. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. Ethanol extractions were better than water extractions. 7. $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS extracted with ethanol only produced GSH of $32{\pm}5.2%$. 8. All of JDS extraction groups showed significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. Inhibitory efficacy increased in accodance with concentration. Ethanol extractions were better than water extractions. Conclusion : Two kinds of JDS extractions have not cytotoxicity and inhibit production of NO. JDS extracted with water was effective in anti-inflammation, JDS extracted with ethanol was effective in anti-oxidation.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2017

Recently, several kinds of researches using IoT wearable devices are active in the field of sports, design, emotional sciences and so on. The human bio data such as blood pulse, ECG, SKT signal, and GSR Signal producing from IoT wearable devices such as Watch, Smart-band, Grass can adapt to the meaningful future applications. Using the human's emotional data and a physical status with variation and so on, we can individually get the personal status. Due to knowing the personal emotion or physical status is related and connected to the valuable wallet of customers, the approach is more important in nowadays. Therefore, the personal information can effectively adapt to the marketing of the culture industry, which deals with emotions of customers. The research shows implementation steps for explaining overall architecture of the convergence research between Art and Technologies.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.89-101
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Jeondo-San(JDS) on anti-Inflammation and anti-Propionibacterium acnes. Methods : The effects of JDS on anti-Inflammation and anti-Propionibacterium acnes were measured by the cytotoxicity of Raw 264.7 cell, the inhibition for NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, iNOS and COX-2, the blocking $NF-{\kappa}B$ into nucleus and the sterilizing power for Propionibacterium acnes. Results : 1. All concentrations of JDS has no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All concentrations of JDS inhibited the production of NO in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 3. All concentrations of JDS did not significantly inhibit the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 4. All concentrations of JDS inhibited the production of $PGE_2$ in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 5. All concentrations of JDS did not inhibit the expression of COX-2 but concentrations of 50\;{\mu}g/ml$, 100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS inhibited iNOS expression in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 6. Concentrations of 50\;{\mu}g/ml$, 100\;{\mu}g/ml$ JDS has the effect of blocking $NF-{\kappa}B$ into nucleus in LPS-induced macrophage Raw 264.7 cell. 7. All concentrations of IDS did not have the inhibitory effect of Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusions : The present date suggest that JDS has a effect on the stage of inflammation of acne.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.132-142
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• 2013

This study has evaluated the physiological reaction to wearing brassiere as well as the sensations that the wearer feels in order to understand the effect of brassiere use on the human body. Six healthy women in their twenties were used as subjects and the experiment measured the difference in their S.C.L, Skin Temperature, B.V.P and Pulse. The measurements were made in the following conditions: Women not wearing any brassiere, women wearing sports brassiere, and the women wearing wire brassiere. The results showed significant differences in the following areas. 1. S.C.L was found to be the highest when they didn't wear any brassiere, followed by when they wore wire-brassiere and then sports brassiere. 2. The Skin Temperature was found to be the highest when they wore wire-brassiere, followed by when they wore sports brassiere and when they didn't wear any of them. In particular, when they wore sports brassiere, the B.V.P was found to be the highest when they wore none of them, fir skin temperature dropped as time passed. 3.ollowed by when they wore sports brassiere and then wire brassiere. When they wore sports brassiere, they had irregular blood-flow. 4. Pulse was found to be the highest when they didn't wear any of them, followed by when they wore sports brassiere and then wire brassiere. 5. Those who didn't wear any brassiere felt the most chill, followed by those wearing wire brassiere and then sports brassiere. The moisture level was found to be the highest when they wore sports brassiere, followed by when they wore wire brassiere and then when they wore none of them. Comfort level was found to be the best with no brassiere, followed by wire brassiere and then sports brassiere.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.189-211
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• 2003

The clinical data and thermographic imaging were analyzed on the 38 cases of Bell's palsy who were treated admission in the Oriental Medicine Hospital of Wonkwang University from January 2002 to May 2003. 38 patients with Bell's palsy were within one week after the onset of the paralysis, and thermal type in the DITI were hypo or hyper generally. Nerve conduction test(ENOG and EMG) examined in two weeks after onset. We studied interaction effect between thermal type and paralysis grade on admission day. We studied each main effect ; paralysis grade on admission day - nerve conduction test, nerve conduction test - thermal type, thermal type - paralysis grade after 4 weeks, paralysis grade on admission day - paralysis grade after 4 weeks, sasang constitution - nerve conduction test. The following results were obtained that interaction effect between thermal type and paralysis grade on admission day showed no significance, each main effect ; paralysis grade on admission day - nerve conduction test, paralysis grade on admission day - paralysis grade after 4 weeks, showed significance, each main effect ; nerve conduction test - thermal type, thermal type - paralysis grade after 4 weeks, sasang constitution - nerve conduction test, showed no significance.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2015

Stretchable electrode materials are focused to apply to flexible device such as e-skin and wearable computer. Used as a flexible electrode, increase in electrical resistance should be minimalized under physical strain as bend, stretch and twist. Carbon black is one of candidates, for it has many advantages of low cost, simple processing, and especially reduction in resistivity with stretching. However electrical conductivity of carbon black is relatively low to be used for electrodes. Instead graphene is one of the promising electronic materials which have great electrical conductivity and flexibility. So it is expected that graphene added carbon black may be proper to be used for stretchable electrode. In this study, under stretching electrical property of graphene added carbon black composite electrode was investigated. Mechanical stretching induced cracks in electrode which means breakage of conductive path. However stretching induced aligned graphene enhanced connectivity of carbon fillers and maintained conductive network. Above all, electronic structure of carbon electrode was changed to conduct electrons effectively under stretching by adding graphene. In conclusion, an addition of graphene gives potential of carbon black composite as a stretchable electrode.