• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-36
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• 2001

The debate about whether depressive disorders should be divided into categories or arrayed along a continuum has gone for decade, without resolution. In our review, there is more evidence consistent with the spectrum concept than there is with the idea that depressive disorders constitute discrete clusters marked by relatively discontinuous boundaries. First, "depression spectrum", "is there a common genetic factors in bipolar and unipolar affective disorder", "threshold model of depression" and "bipolar spectrum disorder" are reviewed. And, a new subtype of depression is so called SeCA depression that is a stressor-precipitated, cortisol-induced, serotonin-related, anxiety/aggression-driven depression. SeCA depression is discussed. But, there is with the idea that depressive disorders constitute discrete subtypes marked by relatively discontinuous boundaries. This subtypes of depressive disorder were reviewed from a variety of theoretical frames of reference. The following issues are discussed ; Dexamethasone suppression test(DST), TRH stimulation test, MHPG, Temperament Character Inventory(TCI), and heart rate variability(HRV).

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.511-522
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• 2011

Two-dimensional shallow water model based on the cut cell and the adaptive mesh refinement techniques is presented in this paper. These two mesh generation methods are combined to facilitate modeling of complex geometries. By using dynamically adaptive mesh, the model can achieve high resolution efficiently at the interface where flow changes rapidly. The HLLC Reimann solver and the MUSCL method are employed to calculate advection fluxes with numerical stability and precision. The model was applied to simulate the extreme urban flooding experiments performed by the IMPACT (Investigation of Extreme Flood Processes and Uncertainty) project. Simulation results were in good agreement with observed data, and transient flows as well as the impact of building structures on flood waves were calculated with accuracy. The cut cell method eased the model sensitivity to refinement. It can be concluded that the model is applicable to the urban flood simulation in case the effects of sewer and stormwater drainage system on flooding are relatively small like the dam brake.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.196-211
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• 2017

Despite the significance of external environmental factors in differentiation, putative factors involved in differentiation of Aspergillus nidulans have not yet been fully understood. A sporulation-specific proteome analysis of A. nidulans in the present study revealed that the expression levels of more than 2,400 proteins were affected under conditions inducing sporulation (0.6 M KCl) compared with normal conditions. Among the proteins with predicted functions, two targets, AN1342 and AN9419, were functionally analyzed using targeted deletion strains and phenotypic observations. For AN1342, because the deletion of the corresponding open reading frame caused a reduction in stalk length during asexual development and in pigment production in liquid culture, the gene was designated as sspA ($\underline{s}hort$ $\underline{s}talk$ & $\underline{p}igment$). Deletion of the AN9419 gene, which is predicted to encode alanyl-tRNA synthetase, led to severe growth defects due to alanine auxotrophy and abolishment of asexual reproduction and thus, the gene was designated as alaA.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.21
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• pp.185-206
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• 2004

We see the term in Tosan 12 songs and other poems by Leehwang. The term means 'Birds fly in the sky, Fish swim in the water.' It is important I think in that it is the point of contact between his poems and thought. There is a gap between original text of , [The way of mean (중용)] and Leehwang's understanding. It is same with Buddhism and Taoism as confucianism in the idea that we cannot describe the Ultimate into the human language. is the very confucian way of that. But Leewhang has the peculiar idea that it can't pass over the Moral state even though its meaning is over the human language.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2014

Volcanic ash (VA) can be estimated by remote sensing sensors through their spectral signatures determined by the inherent optical property (IOP) including complex refractive index and the scattering properties. Until now, a very limited range of VA refractive indices has been reported and the VA from each volcanic eruption has a different composition. To improve the robustness of VA remote sensing, there is a need to understanding of VA - radiation interactions. In this study, we calculated extinction coefficient, scattering phase function, asymmetry factor, and single scattering albedo which show different values between andesite and pumice. Then, IOPs were used to analyze the relationship between theoretical remote sensed radiation calculated by radiative transfer model under various aerosol optical thickness (${\tau}$) and sun-sensor geometries and characteristics of VA. It was found that the mean rate of change of radiance at top of atmosphere versus ${\tau}$ is six times larger than in radiance values at 0.55 ${\mu}m$. At the surface, positive correlation dominates when ${\tau}$ <1, but negative correlation dominates when ${\tau}$ >1. However, radiance differences between andesite and pumice at 11 ${\mu}m$ are very small. These differences between two VA types are expressed as the polynomial regression functions and that increase as VA optical thickness increases. Finally, these results would allow VA to be better characterized by remote sensing sensors.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.10 s.159
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• pp.801-810
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• 2005

The lag time is one of the most important factors for estimating a flood runoff from streams. It is well known to be under the influence of the morphometric properties of basins which could be expressed by catchment shape descriptors. In this paper, the notion of the geometric characteristics of an equivalent ellipse proposed by Moussa(2003) is applied for calculating the lag time of geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph(GIUH) at the basin outlet. The lag time is obtained from the observed data of rainfall and runoff by using the method of moments suggested by Nash(1957), and the procedure based on geomorphology is used for GIUH. The relationships between the basin morphometric properties and the hydrological response are discussed as applied to 3 catchments In Korea. Additionally, the shapes of equivalent ellipse are examined how then are transformed from upstream area to downstream one. As a result, the relationship between the hydrological response and descriptors is shown to be comparatively good, and the shape of ellipse is presented to approach a circle along the river downwards. These results may be expanded to the estimation of hydrological response of ungauged catchment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the aspect that the traffic distribution function changes, according to the direction of the datum line and the horizontal and vertical positions of the datum point applied when it is calculated. Targeting routes at the entrance of Mokpo Harbor, this study tested using AIS survey data of January 2013 the effects of the three variables-direction of the datum line(${\theta}$), horizontal position($\mathfrak{L}_H$) and vertical position($\mathfrak{L}_V$) on mean ($\bar{x}$) and standard deviation (${\delta}$). The test result showed that $\bar{x}$ and ${\delta}$ were changed according to the change of ${\theta}$, because the extracted sample data were changed according to ${\theta}$; and the changes of $\bar{x}$ and ${\delta}$ according to ${\theta}$ were drawn as the relation of the sine function' sum. In addition, it was found that setting up ${\theta}$ that the change value of ${\delta}$ becomes the least as the direction of the datum line was valid, to determine the optimum passage distribution function on complex waters with multiple branches of route. The result of this study is expected to be used as basic data to understand maritime traffic flow based on more quantified data of normal distribution and make decisions related to maritime traffic safety management.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.217-241
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• 2015

Brandom upholds the anaphoric theory of reference. On this theory, reference is a relation of anaphoric dependence between linguistic items rather than a substantial relation between linguistic items and non-linguistic objects. In addition, 'refers' is a pronoun-forming operator, which is used to form anaphorically indirect descriptions such as 'the one referred to as "Leibniz"'. Recently, Arbid $B{\aa}ve$ raises three objections against this theory. First, the anaphoric theory distinguishes between ordinary descriptions and anaphorically indirect descriptions in terms of iterability. But this condition is not an adequate ground for asserting that anaphorically indirect descriptions form a distinctive semantic category. Second, sentences containing a pronoun such as 'he' and sentences containing an anaphorically indirect description such as 'the one referred to as "Leibniz"' have different modal statuses. Consequently, indirect descriptions are semantically different from paradigmatic anaphors. Third, on the anaphoric theory, expressions of the form 'a' and the corresponding indirect descriptions of the form 'the one referred to as "a"' are intersubstitutable. But we can make an equivalent claim by using the more general semantic concepts such as equivalence and intersubstitutability, instead of using notions such as 'anaphor' and 'antecedent'. So the anaphoric theory is explanatorily idle. In this paper I argue that these objections do not pose a serious problem for the anaphoric theory of reference. I argue thereby that the anaphoric theory of reference is a promising theory which provides us with the right understanding of the expression 'refers'.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.575-585
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• 2011

The effect of wavelet pair choice in the compression of the satellite images is studied. There is a trade-off between compression rate and perception quality. The encoding ratio is used to express the compression rate, and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) is also used for the perceptional performance. The PSNR and the encoding ratio are not matched well for the images with various wavelet pairs, but the tendency is remarkable. It is hard to find the pattern of PSNR for sampled images. On the other hand, there is a pattern of the variation range of the encoding ratio for each image. The satellite images have larger values of the encoding ratio than those of nature images (close range images). Depending on the wavelet pairs, the PSNR and the encoding ratio vary as much as 13.2 to 21.6% and 16.8 to 45.5%, respectively for each image. For Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images the encoding ratio varies from 16 to 20% while for the nature images it varies more than 40% depending on the choice of wavelet pairs. The choice of wavelet for the compression affects the nature images more than the satellite images. With the indices such as the PSNR and the encoding ratio, the satellite images are less sensitive to the choice of wavelet pairs. A new index, energy concentration ratio (ECR) is proposed to investigate the effect of wavelet choice on the satellite image compression. It also shows that the satellite images are less sensitive than the nature images. Nevertheless, the effect of wavelet choice on the satellite image compression varies at least 10% for all three kinds of indices. However, the important of choice of wavelet pairs cannot be ignored.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.70
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• pp.35-65
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• 2015

This paper is consisted of the thesis that the decontextualized limitation of media cultural studeis in Korea should be overcome by walking into and linking with today's urban crisis and everyday life. It proposes us to become the flaneurs who do not hesitate to go to, think of, and experience actively the city in crisis under the capital/state domination. It's conclusion would be that we must practice participation observation at the fields and thus recover the critical element of cultural studies writing, by entering into the city and seeing at the features of crisis routinely expressed and symptomatically appear in there. For and before this, the author will first of all pay attention to John Fiske in later period, who was merely perceived and falsely regarded as an active audience theorist. He will also review de Certeau from whom Fiske has borrowed the concept of tactics, and Berman who has further practiced the very spatial tactic. The paper is prepared so as to expand the ideas and thoughts of them who have gone beyond the boundary of text, audience and onto the context of urban space. It's goal is much more than rescuing, recovering Fiske's alternative trajectory. It tries to reconstruct the tradition of urban media cultural studies critically connected with the dangerous, life-threatening capitalist condition. Furthermore, by filling up the theoretical vacuum left behind disconnected and cut away from Fiske, it attempts to find a vision, prospect of cultural studies that will actively engage themselves dialectally with dangerous yet hopeful life of the city and its popular masses.