• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2002

Objective: Various psychological factors influence the occurrence of tension-type headaches. The aim of this study is to compare the level of alexithymia between tension-type headache patients and normal controls. Methods: Sixty-six subjects with tension-type headaches and 59 controls were studied. The Beck Depression Inventory and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20K) were administered to the tension-type headache group and TAS-20K to the normal control group. Results: Compared with normal controls, the tension-type headache group had significantly higher alexithymia scores. There was also significant association between the level of alexithymia and the severity of the depression in tension-type headache patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with tension-type headaches have difficulty in expressing their emotions. And in patients with tension-type headaches, the more alexithymic they are, the more depressive.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.77-92
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• 2016

In this study, the relationship of images and sounds of the animations "Dots" and "Loops" which Norman McLaren animated with his Animated sound technique when he worked at Guggenheim museum at New York, are analyzed through the audiovisual analysis theory by Michel Chion, and through the theory of synchronism/asynchronism and parallelism/counterpoint by Siegfried Kracauer. For the results of the analysis, there are a few difference between "Dots" and "Loops" regarding the aspect of sound arrangement and expressive aspect of abstract animation. However, there are being of two main elements of sound, composing with monophony sound, making musical structure with sound effects, and the emphasizing of parallelism with synchronization bewteen images and sounds in common with both "Dots" and "Loops". In "Dots" and "Loops", there are close correlations between pitch of sound and arrangement/shape of image, between loudness of sound and size of image, and between length of sound and length/shape of image. The image and sound of "Dots" and "Loops" have equal relationship each other, rather than subordinate relationship according as image become sound and the sound become new image with the animated sound technique. "Dots" and "Loops" show tendency of minimal art and music video. Since these two films, and remind about the new approach to sound creation in today's animation production.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Recognizing a basal group in a taxon is one of the most important factors involved in understanding the evolutionary history of that group of life. Many botanists have suggested a sister to all other angiosperms to understand the origin and rapid diversification of angiosperms based on morphological and fossil evidence. Recent technical advances in molecular biology and the accumulation of molecular phylogenetic data have provided evidence of the extant basal-most angiosperm which is a sister to all other angiosperms. Although it is still arguable, most plant taxonomists agree that Amborella trichopoda Baill., a species (monotypic genus and monotypic family) distributed in New Caledonia, is a sister to all other extant angiosperms based on evidence from the following molecular approaches: 1) classical phylogenetic analyses based on multiple genes (or DNA regions), 2) analyses of a tree network of duplicated gene families, and 3) gene-structural evidence. As an alternative hypothesis with relatively minor evidence, some researchers have also suggested that Amborella and Nymphaeaceae form a clade that is a sister to all other angiosperms. Debate regarding the basal-most angiosperms is still ongoing and is currently one of the hot issues in plant evolutionary biology. We expect that sequencing of the whole genome of Amborella as an evolutionary model plant and subsequent studies based on this genome sequence will provide information regarding the origin and rapid diversification of angiosperms, which is Darwin's so called abominable mystery.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2005

Many researches have argued the most important dimension of perception or evaluation of person is morality and competence in Korean culture. This study was to investigate the cultural characteristics of the criteria of personhood. Two studies were conducted to investigate the criteria used to evaluate person by qualitative approach and the differences of evaluation of wrongdoer who violates interpersonal norm or individual autonomy by experimental method. In addition, anger as emotional response to wrongdoer is conceptualized in terms of moral and self-conscious emotion. Expression of anger is less an outpouring of emotion and more a culturally regulated and normative mode of managing and putting into practice our society's system of rights and obligations - its moral code. According to results of qualitative data by interview and focus group interview, the most important criteria used to evaluate personhood was interpersonal concern, esp, expectation and norm. The results of experiment revealed that violation of interpersonal norm domain evoked angrier towards violator than autonomy domain. The subjects ascribed more blame and responsibility to interpersonal norm violator than autonomy keeper. Also function of behavior inhibition of anger was higher in interpersonal norm domain than autonomy domain.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.438-455
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• 2014

This study aims at providing a set of viable answers regarding the projection and cartographic scale of Daedongyeojido through a GIS-based planimetric accuracy analysis. Both global and local analyses were undertaken in the use of an analytical tool, MapAnalyst. The main results from the global analysis are threefold. First, the overall cartographic scale turned out to be between 1:158,000 and 1:162,000. Second, the rotation angles were between $2^{\circ}$ and $3^{\circ}$, and the equidistant cylindrical projection reported the smallest value. Third, in terms of position accuracy, the conformal cylindrical projection showed a best fit to the map. A local analysis was undertaken for the conformal cylindrical and equidistant azimuthal projections and its main results are threefold. First, the largest distortions in terms of the displacement vectors and distortion grid were found in the northern borderlands. Second, from the isoline maps of scales, it was acknowledged that local scales between 1:170,000 and 1:175,000 were found around the middle part of the Korean peninsula centered on Seoul. As away from the region to the north-south direction, increasingly larger scales were distributed, while the smallest ones were found in the western and eastern edges of the peninsula. Third, from the isoline maps of rotation, it was known that areas west of a northernmost city (Junggangjin) were substantially rotated to the west, while ones east of it to the east. For a more sophisticated analysis, some need to be done to have a larger set of control points, a better way of postulating the map projection, and a more advanced set of techniques for a local analysis.

• Journal of Software Engineering Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.151-163
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• 2010

In the defense software domain where large-scale software products in various application areas need to be built, reusing software is regarded as one of the important practices to build software products efficiently and economically. There have been many efforts to apply various methods to support software reuse in the defense software domain. However, developers in the defense software domain still experience many difficulties and face obstacles in reusing software assets. In this paper, we analyze practical problems of software reuse in the defense software domain, and define core requirements to solve those problems. To meet these requirements, we are currently developing the Component Grid system, a reuse-support system that provides a developer-centric software reuse environment. We have designed an architecture of Component Grid, and defined essential elements of the architecture. We have also developed the core approaches for developing the Component Grid system: a semantic-tagging-based requirement tracing method, a reuse-knowledge representation model, a social-network-based asset search method, a web-based asset management environment, and a wiki-based collaborative and participative knowledge construction and refinement method. We expect that the Component Grid system will contribute to increase the reusability of software assets in the defense software domain by providing the environment that supports transparent and efficient sharing and reuse of software assets.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to review the importance of situated cognition and the features of MOO(Multi-user Object Oriented)environments for effective foreign language learning. Learning foreign languages is beyond simply recalling for the vocabularies or expression usages of targeted languages. As much the same as children naturally acquire their mother languages among active and social interactions with other surrounding people, foreign languages should be told in the circumstances and contexts for authentic applications of foreign languages. The MOO, one of the virtual realities with spatial metaphors on the text basis, has been gaining high attentions from educational fields, thanks to the strong functions of social contexts and learner interactions. This paper approaches the features of MOO as foreign language learning environments, in terms of activity, context and interaction.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.283-294
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• 1996

This study is one of the many tnals which would prove the need of linguistic approach to the process of making and evaluating design. Also, this study is a suggestion that a concept of metonymy should be applied to the field of desIgn. In ord"r to proceed above thesis, this study, begins with emploY1Og an linguistIc eye isual language, in the fIeld of design. Secondly, the method of exitence and the positive meaning of metonymy wIll be ecplained in the relation to the post-structural and post-modern thinking structure. ThIS IS because through the use of metonymy, people can express theIr concern about particularity and individuality whIch Modernist universality skept over. Finally, this sudy proves the validity of employing the concept of metomyny 10 the field of post-modern design by analizing actual examples.ples.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2015

Purose : This study was to find the factors of guideline and expressing outcome about powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities. Method : The chosen studies were 38 published in Korea or abroad from 2000 to 2014, and the key research is 2 review articles among them. And 19 studies were used by first search and 2 review articles to find outcome factors and categorize followed ICF terminology. Moreover, 2 studies were analysed to find the guidelines about powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities. Result : All reviewed researches were published abroad. These suggested that powered wheelchair use for children with disabilities didn't affect delayed development but many advantages. And they recommended checking information about the guideline, child, parents and environmental support befor applying the powered wheelchair to children with disabilities. Also, they usually used participation level to express outcome about powered mobility use. Conclusion : The power wheelchair was useful means of mobility for children who were delayed movement, and it was important strategy to apply the powered wheelchair early for promote children's development and participation normally. Finally, professionals needed to intervene contextual approaches concerning children's families and environment, also institutional and social effort.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.165-194
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• 2018

Employing Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (CDA), the purpose of this study was to analyze linguistically significant features, intertextuality, and sociocultural practice focusing on selected editorials of The Global Times, $Hu{\acute{a}}nqi{\acute{u}}$ Shíbào on the 2018 United States-China Trade War. The editorial titled "With the strong will of 'the War to Resist America and Aid Chosun,' let us go through the trade war against America" focused on the use of 'war' related vocabulary in the frame of 'war.' First, "Trade War" and "War to Resist America and Aid Chosun" are examples that reveal metaphors and a war frame. Second, "Strategy" is used positively for China but negatively towards America. Third, various war related words are used. Fourth, cases of allusion illustrate war. Intertextuality in terms of discourse practice pertains to two findings. First, The Global Times, $Hu{\acute{a}}nqi{\acute{u}}$ Shíbào repeatedly uses the phrase 'equivalent revenge.' That is because the expression enables China to justify their counterattack and such war that China may wage can be interpreted as just counterattack much like a self-defense mechanism. Second, the expression, 'the counterattack is not intended but it is not fearful' is repeated in several editorials of the newspaper. The reasons are the following: 1) it is used to appeal to the public, 2) by invoking the feeling of fear, the public should be understand why they should unite, and 3) the expression, "it is not fearful" is used to preserve China's global image and "the counterattack is not intended" is used to signal China's will to America. The whole expression is a good example of intertextuality that repetitively illustrates the intended meaning of China in nine editorials in the newspaper within three months, March 23-June 17, 2018. Finally, sociocultural practice is manipulated through the editorial for disseminating the Chinese government's hegemonic ideology. First, it is clear that the core national project, "China Manufacturing 2025" cannot be abandoned. Second, by calling for "War to Resist America and Aid Chosun" the editorial is manipulated to condemn and intimidate America, avoid dissent of the people, appeal to the people, and empower the government. Third, China somehow wants to open up the possibility of negotiation with the United Sates.