• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2011

Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the characteristics of explosion mitigations by varying concentrations of agar gel barriers in an explosion chamber, 1400 mm in length, with a square cross-section of $100{\times}100mm^2$. Another extension chamber, $100{\times}100{\times}300mm^3$, was made to hold a gel barrier. Four different gel concentrations were used in the measurements: 2, 3, 4, 5 %(by weight of gel). Displacement of the gel barrier was measured using a high speed camera, and pressure development was measured using pressure transducers and a data acquisition system. It was found that as the concentrations of the gel barriers increased, the gel rupture time and the time taken to reach the maximum pressure increased. It was also found that the increment of gel concentrations increased the reduction percentage in the maximum pressure between before and after gel barrier.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.517-534
• /
• 2021

Hydrogen fuel is emerging as an new energy source to replace fossil fuels in that it can solve environmental pollution problems and reduce energy imbalance and cost. Since hydrogen is eco-friendly but highly explosive, there is a high concern about fire and explosion accidents of hydrogen fueled vehicles. In particular, in semi-enclosed spaces such as tunnels, the risk is predicted to increase. Therefore, this study was conducted on the applicability of the equivalent TNT model and the numerical analysis method to evaluate the hydrogen explosion pressure in the tunnel. In comparison and review of the explosion pressure of 6 equivalent TNT models and Weyandt's experimental results, the Henrych equation was found to be the closest with a deviation of 13.6%. As a result of examining the effect of hydrogen tank capacity (52, 72, 156 L) and tunnel cross-section (40.5, 54, 72, 95 m²) on the explosion pressure using numerical analysis, the explosion pressure wave in the tunnel initially it propagates in a hemispherical shape as in open space. Furthermore, when it passes the certain distance it is transformed a plane wave and propagates at a very gradual decay rate. The Henrych equation agrees well with the numerical analysis results in the section where the explosion pressure is rapidly decreasing, but it is significantly underestimated after the explosion pressure wave is transformed into a plane wave. In case of same hydrogen tank capacity, an explosion pressure decreases as the tunnel cross-sectional area increases, and in case of the same cross-sectional area, the explosion pressure increases by about 2.5 times if the hydrogen tank capacity increases from 52 L to 156 L. As a result of the evaluation of the limiting distance affecting the human body, when a 52 L hydrogen tank explodes, the limiting distance to death was estimated to be about 3 m, and the limiting distance to serious injury was estimated to be 28.5~35.8 m.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.277-281
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 사료분진의 폭발 특성을 연구하여 분진에 의한 폭발사고 위험을 감소시키고 방지대책에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 Hartman1)식 분진폭발장치를 사용하여 다양한 사료를 실험하였다. 실험결과로 사료농도가 폭발확률에 미치는 영향은 농도가 높을수록, 사료분진의 입경이 작을수록 폭발확률이 커지고 분진농도가 증가할수록 폭발압력이 증가하였으나 일정농도를 넘어서면 오히려 폭발압력이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 불활성물질을 첨가할 경우에는 10%이상 첨가할 경우에 폭발억제 효과를 보였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2003

LPG explosion characteristics in non-uniform concentration was investigated with a 270 liter explosion vessel of which the scale is 100 cm${\times}$60 cm${\times}$45 cm. Vented explosion and closed explosion system were used. Experimental parameter were position of ignition source, nozzle diameter and flow rate of gas. Non uniform concentration was controlled by the nozzle diameter and flow rate. Explosion pressure were measured with strain type pressure sensor and the flame behavior was pictured with the video camera. Based on this experimental result, it was found that the flow rate of gas and the duration of gas injection are important factor for mixing the gas in the vessel. And as the increase the non-uniformity of gas concentration, explosion pressure and pressure rise rate Is decrease but the flame resident time in the vessel is increase. Therefore gas explosion to fire transition possibility will increase in non-uniform concentration gas explosion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2012

Experimental investigations were carried out to examine the explosion characteristics by different sizes in the wall surface shape of a water gel barrier in an explosion chamber, 1,600 mm in length with a square cross-section of $100{\times}100\;mm^2$. The sizes in the wall surface shape were varied by using water gel barriers with a cross-section of $100{\times}200\;mm^2$ and its were varied in the bottom of the chamber away 300, 700 and 1,100 mm, respectively from the closed end of the chamber. The flame propagation images were photographed with a high speed camera and the pressure was recorded using a pressure transducer and a data acquisition system. It was found that as the size of the wall surface shape increased, the flame propagation process and the time taken to reach the maximum pressure were found to be faster. As a result, both the flame speed and the explosion overpressure increased as the size of the wall surface shape increased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2016

Electrical apparatuses for use in the presence of explosive gas atmospheres have to be special designed to prevent them from igniting the explosive gas. Flameproof design implies that electrical components producing electrical sparks are contained in enclosures and withstand the maximum pressure of internal gas or vapours. In addition, any gaps in the enclosure wall have to designed in such a way that they will not transmit a gas explosion inside the enclosure to an explosive gas or vapours atmosphere outside it. In this study, we explained some of the most important physical mechanism of Maximum Experimental Safe Gap(MESG) that the jet of combustion products ejected through the flame gap to the external surroundings do not have an energy and temperature large enough to initiate an ignition of external gas or vapours. We measured the MESG and maximum explosion pressure of propane and acetylene by the test method and procedure of IEC 60079-20-1:2010.When the minimum MESG is measured, the concentration of propane, acetylene in the air is higher than the stoichiometric point and their explosion pressure is the highest value.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.9 no.1 s.26
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2005

To examine the characteristics of the explosion of city gas, the concentration of oxygen was changed with the change of initial pressure. From the result of the experiment, as the concentration of oxygen was low, the explosion limit became narrow and the minimum concentration of oxygen for the explosion was $12\%$. Furthermore, As the increase of the initial pressure, explosion ranges were a little increased. And as the change of the initial pressure, the maximum explosion pressure were $6.3 kgf/cm^2{\cdot}g,\;12.7 kgf/cm^2{\cdot}g$ and the maximum pressure rising velocity were $245.63 kgf/cm^2/s,\;427.88 kgf/cm^2/s$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2023

This study presents an analytical study of investigating the effect of shock waves generated by the hydrogen detonation and damage to structures for the safety evaluation of hydrogen storage facilities against detonation. Blast scenarios were established considering the volume of the hydrogen storage facility of 10 L to 50,000 L, states of charge (SOC) of 50% and 100%, and initial pressures of 50 MPa and 100 MPa. The equivalent TNT weight for hydrgen detonation was determined considering the mechanical and chemical energies of hydrogen. A hydrogen detonation model for the converted equivalent TNT weight was made using design equations that improved the Kingery-Bulmash design chart of UFC 3-340-02. The hydrogen detonation model was validated for overpressure and impulse in comparison to the past experimental results associated with the detonation of hydrogen tank. A parametric study based on the blast scenarios was performed using the validated hydrogen detonation model, and design charts for overpressure and impulse according to the standoff distance from the center of charge was provided. Further, design charts of the three-stage structural damage and standoff distance of adjacent structures according to the level of overpressure and impact were proposed using the overpressure and impulse charts and pressure-impulse diagrams.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.434-437
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 알루미늄(Al), 아연(Zn)이 단일 성분으로 존재하는 경우의 폭발위험성이 Al-Zn혼합물 분진에 비하여 어떻게 변화하는지를 알기 위하여 폭발하한농도(LEL), 최대폭발압력($P_{max}$)등에 대한 폭발특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 Al은 Zn의 혼합에 의해 폭발하한농도(LEL)가 급격히 증가하고 최대폭발압력이 감소하였으며, Al-Zn혼합물의 폭발위험성은 단일 성분의 Al에 비하여는 낮지만 Zn 단독의 경우보다는 높은 것을 알수 있었다. 그러므로 Zn-Al혼합물이 Al보다 폭발성이 낮아지지만 화재폭발 가능성이 충분히 잠재되어 있으므로 예방대책이 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.8 no.4 s.25
• /
• pp.50-54
• /
• 2004

To examine the danger of explosion caused by decomposition explosion of Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide, the mini cup pressure vessel tester (MCPVT) was used in the experiment. The maximum explosion pressure increased as the amount of $98\%H_2SO_4$ added to MEKPO increased from $0\%$ to $1\%,\;3\%$, and $5\%$, and the maximum pressure rising velocity increased as well. In addition, the temperature under the pressure at which decomposition starts decreased from $168.16^{\circ}C$ to $126.76^{\circ}C,\;91.21^{\circ}C$, and $81.25^{\circ}C$ as the amount of $H_2SO_4$ added increased.