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http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2021.23.6.517

A basic study on explosion pressure of hydrogen tank for hydrogen fueled vehicles in road tunnels  

Ryu, Ji-Oh (Dept. of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shinhan University)
Ahn, Sang-Ho (Dept. of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shinhan University)
Lee, Hu-Yeong (Dept. of ICT Mechanical Engineering, Shinhan University Graduate School)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association / v.23, no.6, 2021 , pp. 517-534 More about this Journal
Abstract
Hydrogen fuel is emerging as an new energy source to replace fossil fuels in that it can solve environmental pollution problems and reduce energy imbalance and cost. Since hydrogen is eco-friendly but highly explosive, there is a high concern about fire and explosion accidents of hydrogen fueled vehicles. In particular, in semi-enclosed spaces such as tunnels, the risk is predicted to increase. Therefore, this study was conducted on the applicability of the equivalent TNT model and the numerical analysis method to evaluate the hydrogen explosion pressure in the tunnel. In comparison and review of the explosion pressure of 6 equivalent TNT models and Weyandt's experimental results, the Henrych equation was found to be the closest with a deviation of 13.6%. As a result of examining the effect of hydrogen tank capacity (52, 72, 156 L) and tunnel cross-section (40.5, 54, 72, 95 m2) on the explosion pressure using numerical analysis, the explosion pressure wave in the tunnel initially it propagates in a hemispherical shape as in open space. Furthermore, when it passes the certain distance it is transformed a plane wave and propagates at a very gradual decay rate. The Henrych equation agrees well with the numerical analysis results in the section where the explosion pressure is rapidly decreasing, but it is significantly underestimated after the explosion pressure wave is transformed into a plane wave. In case of same hydrogen tank capacity, an explosion pressure decreases as the tunnel cross-sectional area increases, and in case of the same cross-sectional area, the explosion pressure increases by about 2.5 times if the hydrogen tank capacity increases from 52 L to 156 L. As a result of the evaluation of the limiting distance affecting the human body, when a 52 L hydrogen tank explodes, the limiting distance to death was estimated to be about 3 m, and the limiting distance to serious injury was estimated to be 28.5~35.8 m.
Keywords
TNT model; Hydrogen tank explosion; Explosion pressure; Hydrogen fueled vehicles; Plane wave;
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