• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1847-1850
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• 2009

Bovine tuberculosis is generally detected postmortem because it is a chronic debilitating disease. Since tuberculosis is mainly found in the lungs, clinical signs including coughing, nasal discharge, and difficulty breathing can occur in severe instances. In the present study, specimens were collected from the heart, liver, kidney, lung, pleural cavities, lymph nodes and intestines of carcasses found in an abattoir. According to post-mortem examination and inspection of carcasses, tuberculosis lesions were varied in appearance and size. Tubercles of a white cream color were disseminated throughout the pleural cavity including the lymph nodes, lungs and mesentery containing pus. Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen's acid-fast staining for the lung and lymph nodes revealed a highly positive histochemical reaction. The acid-fast organisms were observed histologically in the lesions under a microscope. This report demonstrated the histopathology of bovine tuberculosis based on the histological findings of Mycobacterium bovis, which is a suspected causative agent.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.612-619
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• 2016

In this research, an alumino-borosilicate foamed glass with sound absorption property was prepared using the waste borosilicate glass obtained from the recycling process of waste liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. A 100 g of pulverized waste borosilicate glass with the particle size of under 325 mesh, was mixed with 0.3 g (wt/wt) of graphite, each 1.5 g (wt/wt) of $Na_2CO_3$, $Na_2SO_4$ and $CaCO_3$ as a foaming agent, and 6.0 g (wt/wt) of $H_3BO_3$ and 3.0 g (wt/wt) of $Al_2O_3$ as a pore control agent. Following mixture was under the foaming process for 20 minutes at a foaming temperature of $950^{\circ}C$. The result yielded the foaming agent with 45% of the opened porosity and 0.5-0.7 of the sound absorbing coefficient. This alumino-borosilicate foamed glass with the sound absorption property showed excellent physical and mechanical properties such as density of $0.21g/cm^3$, bending strength of $55N/cm^2$ and compression strength of $298N/cm^2$ which can be ideally used as sound absorption materials with heat-resisting and chemical-resisting property.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.38-45
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• 2006

The superconducting fault current limiters(SFCLs) provide the effect such as enhancement in power system reliability due to limiting the fault current within a few miliseconds. Among various SFCLs we have developed a flux-lock type SFCL and exploited a special design to effectively reduce the fault current according to properly adjustable magnetic field after the short-circuit test. This SFCL consists of two copper coils wound in parallel on the same iron core and a component using the YBCO thin film connected in series to the secondary copper coil. Meanwhile, operating characteristics can be controlled by adjusting the inductances and the winding directions of the coils. To analyze the operational characteristics, we compared closed-loop with open-loop iron core. When the applied voltage was 200[Vrms] in the additive polarity winding, the peak values of the line current the increased up to 30.71[A] in the closed-loop and 32.01[A] in the open-loop iron core, respectively. On the other hand, in the voltages generated at current limiting elements were 220.14[V] in the closed-loop and 142.73[V] in the opal-loop iron core during first-half cycle after fault instant under the same conditions. We confirmed that the open-loop iron core had lower power burden than in the closed-loop iron core. Consequently, we found that the structure of iron core enabled the flux-lock type SFCL at power system to have the flexibility.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2010

Purpose: The usefulness of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images in diagnosis, staging, recurrent and treatment response evaluation has already been known. However, tumors which are small size, located in lower lobe of lung or upper lobe of liver are shown misalignment, distortion and different Standard Uptake Value (SUV) by respiration in PET images. Therefore, if radiotherapy based on normal respiration, it may cause low treatment response or more side effects because targets which had to treat, out of treat range or over dose to normal tissue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate attenuation-correction with Average CT (ACT) for more accuracy SUV measurement and minimize artifact by respiration. Materials and Methods: 13 patients, who had tumors which are around the diaphragm, underwent ACT scan after Helical CT (HCT) scan with PET/CT (Discovery DSTE 8; GE Healthcare). We quantified the differences between attenuation corrected image with HCT and attenuation corrected image with ACT in artifact size and maximum SUV ($SUV_{max}$). Artifacts were evaluated by measurement of the curved photogenic area in the lower thorax of the PET images for all patients. $SUV_{max}$ was measured separately at the primary tumors. Analysis program was Advantage Workstation v4.3 (GE Healthcare). Patients were injected with 7.4 MBq (0.2 $mC_i$) per kg of $^{18}F$-FDG and scanned 1 hour after injection. The PET acquisition was 3 minute per bed. Results: Significantly lower artifact were observed in PET/ACT images than in PET/HCT images (below-thoracic artifacts caused by under corrected $1.5{\pm}3.5$ cm vs. $13.4{\pm}4.2$ cm). Significantly higher $SUV_{max}$ were noted in PET/ACT images than in PET/HCT images in the primary tumor. Compared with PET/HCT images, $SUV_{max}$ in PET/ACT images were higher by $5.3{\pm}3.9%$ (mean value) tumor. The highest difference was observed in Lower lobe of lung (7.7 to 8.7; 13%). Conclusion: Due to its significantly reduced artifacts in lower thoracic, attenuation corrected image with ACT images provided more reliable $SUV_{max}$ and may be helpful in monitoring treatment response. Moreover, ACT can separate upper lobe of liver and lower lobe of lung, it may be helpful in interpretation. ACT will be clinically useful, considering increased dose caused by ACT scan and adapt.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical usability of reconstructive methods, and how to select flap after wide excision of malignant soft tissue tumor in ankle and foot. Materials and Methods: The 15 cases shown in the 14 patients (In case of a male patient, reconstruction was performed two times due to local recurrence.) with malignant soft tissue tumor in ankle and foot, who underwent reconstruction after wide excision from March 2000 until March 2007. Oncologic, surgical and functional results were evaluated. Results: The method of reconstruction used were anterolateral thigh perforator flap (5cases), Reversed superficial sural artery flap (4 cases), dorsalis pedis flap (3 cases), local flap (3cases). The defect, mean size was $5.5{\times}5.7\;cm$, was reconstructed with rotation flap or free flap, mean size was $5.9{\times}6.0\;cm$, skin graft for remnant. The mean operation time was 310 minutes (120~540 minutes); it took 256 minutes to reconstruct by rotation flap, and 420 minutes by free flap. As oncologic results, 7 patients were no evidence of disease, 6 patients were alive with disease and 1 patient was expired by pulmonary metastasis at the time of the last follow-up. 4 patients had local recurrence and 4 pateints had distant metastases. As functional results, 14 patients were evaluated with average score of 68.8% using the system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society. Conclusion: The dorsalis pedis and reverse superficial sural artery rotation flap which is easy procedure, has less complication and takes short operation time, can be primarily considered to reconstruct a small defect. And the anterolateral thigh perforator flap is suitable for coverage of a large defects after wide excision of malignant soft tissue tumor in ankle and foot.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.624-629
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• 2009

Background: Making the histologic diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules and ground glass opacity (GGO) lesions is difficult. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsies often fail to provide enough specimen for making the diagnosis. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can be inefficient for treating non-palpable lesions. Preoperative localization of small intrapulmonary lesions provides a more obvious target to facilitate performing intraoperative. resection. We evaluated the efficacy of CT-guided localization with using a hook wire and this was followed by VATS for making the histologic diagnosis of small intrapulmonary nodules and GGO lesions. Material and Method: Eighteen patients (13 males) were included in this study from August 2005 to March 2008. 18 intrapulmonary lesions underwent preoperative localization by using a CT-guided a hook wire system prior to performing VATS resection for intrapulmonary lesions and GGO lesions. The clinical data such as the accuracy of localization, the rate of conversion-to-thoracotomy, the operation time, the postoperative complications and the histology of the pulmonary lesion were retrospectively collected. Result: Eighteen VATS resections were performed in 18 patients. Preoperative CT-guided localization with a hook-wire was successful in all the patients. Dislodgement of a hook wire was observed in one case. There was no conversion to thoracotomy, The median diameter of lesions was 8 mm (range: $3{\sim}15\;mm$). The median depth of the lesions from the pleural surfaces was 5.5 mm (range: $1{\sim}30\;mm$). The median interval between preoperative CT-guided with a hook-wire and VATS was 34.5 min (range: ($10{\sim}226$ min). The median operative time was 43.5.min (range: $26{\sim}83$ min). In two patients, clinically insignificant pneumothorax developed after CT-guided localization with a hook-wire and there were no other complications. Histological examinations confirmed 8 primary lung cancers, 3 cases of metastases, 3 cases of inflammation, 2 intrapulmonary lymph nodes and 2 other benign lesions. Conclusion: CT-guided localization with a hook-wire followed by VATS for treating small intrapulmonary nodules and GGO lesions provided a low conversion thoracotomy rate, a short operation time and few localization-related or postoperative complications. This procedure was efficient to confirm intrapulmonary lesions and GGO lesions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the waste oyster shell powder as the addition agent in bulking sludge thickening of paper manufacturing plant using DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) and gravitational sedimentation. The effect of parameters such as dosage and size distribution of oyster shell were examined. The results showed that the optimum dosage of mixed oyster shell(size range : $\sim250{\mu}m$) was 0.8 g/L. The oyster shell addition of 5.0 g/L in sedimentation process was increased thickening concentration of 3.25 times. When 5.0 g/L of oyster shell was added in DAF process, water content of sludge was decreased from 95.5% to 82.7% in dewatering process using Buchner funnel test device. When size of oyster shell was divided four ranges($\sim53{\mu}m$, $53\sim106{\mu}m$, $106\sim150{\mu}m$, $150\sim250{\mu}m$), optimum size range for the flotation and dewatering was $53\sim106{\mu}m$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2846-2851
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• 2012

Effects of ground tire rubber(GTR) and unexpanded $Expancel^{(R)}$ powders on the thermal conducting characteristics of rigid polyurethane foams(PUFs) were studied. Sub-micron sized GTR powders and $Expancel^{(R)}$ powders were used as the foam nucleating agents to improve the thermal insulating properties of the rigid PUFs. As the results, while the thermal conductivities of the GTR filled-PUF samples were increased linearly with GTR contents, those of $Expancel^{(R)}$ filled-PUF samples were decreased a little bit. It was considered from the results that GTR powders might predominantly play a role as the extending fillers. On the other hand, $Expancel^{(R)}$ powders could act as the foam nucleating agents based on the polar surface, showing smaller cell sized PUF with improved insulating characteristics.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.6 s.68
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

[ $LiCoO_{2}$ ] nanoparticles were synthesized from leach liquor of lithium ion battery waste using flame spray pyrolysis. Electrode Materials containing lithium and cobalt could be concentrated with thermal and mechanical treatment. After dissolution of used cathode materials of the lithium battery with nitric acid, the molar ratio of Li/Co in the leach liquor was adjusted at 1.0 by adding a fresh $LiNO_{3}$ solution. The nanoparticles synthesized by the flame spray pyrolysis showed clear crystallinity and were nearly spherical, and their average primary particle diameters ranged from 11 to 35 nm. The average particle diameter increased with an increase in the molar concentration of the precursor. Raising the maximum flame temperature by controlling the gas flow rates also led to an increase in the average diameter of the particles. The $LiCoO_{2}$ powder was proved to have good characteristics as cathode active materials in charge/discharge capacity and cyclic performance.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2018

A 70-year-old female diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was treated by pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) and adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma pT3N0 (stage IIA) was pathologically confirmed. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings 14 months after PPPD showed 10 mm sized solitary liver metastasis in segment 3. After 12 cycles of gemcitabine and 9 cycles of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin, the metastatic nodule increased in size to 27 mm. Tumorectomy at segment 3 of liver was done. 25 months after tumorectomy, chest CT showed 23 mm sized cavitary nodule in right upper lobe of lung. The result of percutaneous biopsy favored metastatic adenocarcinoma. Two sets of stereotactic body radiation therapy were done and the patient has survived without further disease progression for 6 years after initial diagnosis. This case suggests that selected population of recurrent pancreatic cancer patients with solitary liver or pulmonary metastasis can be treated by resection of metastatic site and ablative therapies.