• Title/Summary/Keyword: 폐배터리

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Feasibility Study of Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA), an Alternative Lixiviant to Improve Conventional Sulfuric Acid Leaching of NCM Black Mass (NCM Black Mass 황산침출 개선을 위한 대체침출제 메탄술폰산의 적용가능성 연구)

  • Hyewon Jung;Jeseung Lee;Ganghoon Song;Minseo Park;Junmo Ahn
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.58-68
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    • 2024
  • Critical minerals such as nickel, cobalt and lithium, are known as materials for cathodic active materials of lithium ion batteries. The consumption of the minerals is expected to grow with increasing the demands of electric vehicles, resulting from carbon neutrality. Especially, the demand for LIB (lithium ion battery) recycling is expected to increase to meet the supply of nickel, cobalt and lithium for LIB. The recycling of EOL (end-of-life) LIB can be achieved by leaching EOL LIB using inorganic acid such as HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4, which are regarded as hazardous materials. In the present study, the potential use of MSA (Methanesulfonic acid), as an alternative lixiviant replacing sulfuric acid was investigated. In addition, leaching behaviors of NCM black mass leaching with MSA was also investigated by studying various leaching factors such as chemical concentration, leaching time, pulp density (P/D) and temperatures. The leaching efficiency of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lithium (Li), and manganese (Mn) from LIB was enhanced by increasing concentration of lixiviant and reductant, leaching time and temperature. The maximum leaching of the metals was above 99% at 80℃. In addition, MSA can replace sulfuric acid to recover Ni, Co, Li, Mn from NCM black mass.

Solvent Extraction of Co(II) and Cu(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Solution of Spent Lithium-ion Batteries Containing Li(I), Mn(II), and Ni(II) (Li(I), Mn(II) 및 Ni(II)를 함유한 폐리튬 이온 배터리의 염산침출용액에서 Co(II) 및 Cu(II)의 용매 추출)

  • Le, Minh Nhan;Lee, Man Seung
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2020
  • In order to develop a process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LiBs, solvent extraction experiments were performed to separate Cu(II) and/or Co(II) from synthetic hydrochloric acid solutions containing Li(I), Mn(II), and Ni(II). Commercial amines (Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336) were employed and the extraction behavior of the metals was investigated as a function of the concentration of HCl and extractants. The results indicate that HCl concentration affected remarkably the extraction efficiency of the metals. Only Cu(II) was selectively at 1 M HCl concentration, while both Co(II) and Cu(II) was extracted by the amines when HCl concentration was higher than 5 M, leaving the other metal ions in the raffinate. Therefore, it was possible to selectively extract either Cu(II) or Co(II)/Cu(II) by adjusting the HCl concentration.

Active Power Filter Type Single Phase Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS) System (단상 전력용 능동필터형 무정전 전원장치)

  • Kim, Je-Hong;Son, Jae-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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    • v.36T no.4
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, a bi-directional UPS with the performance of active power filter has been proposed. The operation of the proposed system can be divided into two modes, such as the active power filter mode and the battery back-up power mode. To improve the transient response for the effective compensation of harmonics and reactive power in active power filter mode, a novel closed-loop control strategy is used to calculate the reference current instantaneously. Finally, the performance of proposed UPS is verified by the simulation and experimental results.

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Recovery of Cobalt from Waste Cathode Active Material Using Organic Acid (폐 리튬이온 배터리 양극으로부터 유기산을 이용한 코발트 회수)

  • Moon, Ji-Hoon;Ahn, J.E.;Kim, Hyun-Jong;Sohn, S.H.;Lee, H.W.;Kim, H.S.
    • Applied Chemistry
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.73-76
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    • 2012
  • Due to the developments of communications equipment and electronic devices, lithium ion secondary battery usage is growing. Along with demand increasing, the amount of scrap has been steadily increasing. In this study, method of cobalt recovery using organic eco-friendly is proposed. Sulfuric acid, Malic acid, Citric acid at reflux device had good cobalt leaching efficiency. And Sulfuric acid, Malic acid at the autoclave increased cobalt leaching efficiency.

A Study on Optimization of Nitric Acid Leaching and Roasting Process for Selective Lithium Leaching of Spent Batreries Cell Powder (폐 배터리 셀 분말의 선택적 리튬 침출을 위한 질산염화 공정 최적화 연구)

  • Jung, Yeon Jae;Park, Sung Cheol;Kim, Yong Hwan;Yoo, Bong Young;Lee, Man Seung;Son, Seong Ho
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2021
  • In this study, the optimal nitration process for selective lithium leaching from powder of a spent battery cell (LiNixCoyMnzO2, LiCoO2) was studied using Taguchi method. The nitration process is a method of selective lithium leaching that involves converting non-lithium nitric compounds into oxides via nitric acid leaching and roasting. The influence of pretreatment temperature, nitric acid concentration, amount of nitric acid, and roasting temperature were evaluated. The signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance of the results were determined using L16(44) orthogonal arrays. The findings indicated that the roasting temperature followed by the nitric acid concentration, pretreatment temperature, and amount of nitric acid used had the greatest impact on the lithium leaching ratio. Following detailed experiments, the optimal conditions were found to be 10 h of pretreatment at 700℃ with 2 ml/g of 10 M nitric acid leaching followed by 10 h of roasting at 275℃. Under these conditions, the overall recovery of lithium exceeded 80%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the leaching residue in deionized water after roasting of lithium nitrate and other nitrate compounds was performed. This was done to determine the cause of rapid decrease in lithium leaching rate above a roasting temperature of 400℃. The results confirmed that lithium manganese oxide was formed from lithium nitrate and manganese nitrate at these temperatures, and that it did not leach in deionized water. XRD analysis was also used to confirm the recovery of pure LiNO3 from the solution that was leached during the nitration process. This was carried out by evaporating and concentrating the leached solution through solid-liquid separation.

Technical Trends of Rare Metal Recycling in the Next Generation Automobile (차세대 자동차용 희소금속 리싸이클링 기술동향)

  • Hwang, Young-Gil;Kil, Sang-Cheol;Kim, Jong-Heon
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.3-16
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    • 2014
  • Car exhaust $CO_2$ gas reduction and fuel efficiency of the car lighter for the current era is a big challenge. The developments of high-performance Nd magnets, Li-ion secondary battery and exhaust gas purification performance of PGM catalysts used in the lightweight EV and HEV are activated. Country in order to improve the car lighter and function that use the resources of rare metals are ubiquitous imported from China because of export supply control, as soaring prices have unstable supply and demand. Compared to the emissions from the next-generation automotive recycling, waste scarce resources need to be. This study investigated the recycling technology analysis and development of the information technology, or delivered to the researchers by giving national car industry aims to contribute to the development. Findings, pulmonary high-performance motor vehicle emissions in the exhaust gas purification PGM Catalysts, Li-ion battery and Nd magnets recycling technology, such as pre- and post-processing techniques to classify technology, pre-urban mining technology mechanical separation by screening techniques under development, the study and post-processing technology has, pyro and hydro metallurgical smelting technology is established. Waste Recycling in terms of economic efficiency of mechanical components for the intensive study of screening techniques is needed.

Trend on the Recycling Technologies for the used Lithium Battery by the Patent Analysis (특허(特許)로 본 폐리튬전지 재활용(再活用) 기술(技術) 동향(動向))

  • Sohn, Jeong-Soo;Shin, Shun-Myung;Kang, Kyung-Seok;Choi, Mi-Jeong
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.16 no.3 s.77
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    • pp.50-60
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    • 2007
  • There are several kinds of battery such as zinc-air battery, lithium battery, Manganese dry battery, silver oxide battery, mercury battery, sodium-sulphur battery, lead battery, nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lithium ion battery, alkaline battery, etc. These days it has been widely studied for the recycling technologies of the used battery from view points of economy and efficiency. In this paper, patents on the recycling technologies of the used lithium battery were analyzed. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA(US), European Union(EP), Japan(JP), and Korea(KR) from 1986 to 2006. Patents were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents was analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.

Separation of Ag and Zn from Nitrate Leachate of Spent Silver Oxide Batteries by Solvent Extraction with Cyanex272 (Cyanex 272를 이용한 폐산화은배터리 침출액으로부터 Ag 및 Zn의 분리)

  • Sung-Yong Cho;Hyeon Seo;Pan-Pan Sun
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2024
  • The separation of Ag and Zn from the nitrate leachate of spent silver oxide batteries using Cyanex272 as an extractant was investigated. The extraction of Ag and Zn was affected by the concentrations of nitric acid and the extractant. Cyanex-272 selectively extracted Zn over Ag when the HNO3 concentration was lower than 0.1 mol/L. The co-extracted Ag was removed by stripping with 1 mol/L thiourea. Stripping of Zn from the loaded Cyanex-272 was accomplished using 0.5 mol/L HNO3 after the removal of Ag. The McCabe-Thiele diagrams for the extraction of Zn with Cyanex-272, the scrubbing tripping of Ag with thiourea, and the stripping of Zn with HNO3 were constructed. The results were verified by simulated counter-current extraction and stripping experiments. Finally, a process for the separation of Ag and Zn from silver oxide batteries was proposed.

Evaluation of Recycling Resources in Discarded Information and Communication Technology Devices (Smartphones, Laptop computers) (폐 정보통신기기(스마트폰, 노트북 PC)의 자원화 가치 분석)

  • Park, Seungsoo;Jung, Minuk;Kim, Seongmin;Han, Seongsoo;Jung, Insang;Park, Jihwan;Park, Jaikoo
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.16-29
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    • 2018
  • In this study, metal and nonmetal contents and their economic values in ICT devices such as smart phones and laptop computers were evaluated. The electronic devices made by LG and Samsung were disassembled into 5 parts, which are printed circuit board assembly, battery, display, case and other electronic components. Metal and nonmetal contents in these parts were analyzed, and their economic values were calculated via multiplying the materials' contents by metal price obtained from KOMIS or nonmetal exchange price acquired from Korean recycling markets. Finally, the materials' contents and values according to each electronic parts and electronic devices were calculated. The results showed that the value of the smartphones and laptop computers of LG are 4,449.6 KRW (28,506 KRW/kg) and 6,830.2 KRW (7,053 KRW/kg), and those of Samsung are 1,849.3 KRW (13,499 KRW/kg) and 6,667.5 KRW (4,831 KRW/kg), respectively. It was also found that most of the value was concentrated in batteries and printed circuit board assemblies. In addition, Co, Au and Cu were found to be the most valuable resources in the devices.

A Study on the Leaching Effect and Selective Recovery of Lithium Element by Persulfate-based Oxidizing Agents from Waste LiFePO4 Cathode (과황산계 산화제에 따른 폐LiFePO4 양극재에서 리튬의 침출 효과와 선택적 회수에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Hee-Seon;Kim, Dae-Weon;Jang, Dae-Hwan;Kim, Boram;Jin, Yun-Ho;Chae, Byung-Man;Lee, Sang-Woo
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.40-48
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    • 2022
  • In waste lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, the cathode material contains approximately 4% lithium. Recycling the constituent elements of batteries is important for resource circulation and for mitigating the environmental pollution. Li contained in the waste LFP cathode powder was selectively leached using persulfate-based oxidizing agents, such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate. Leaching efficiency and waste LFP powder properties were compared and analyzed. Pulp density was used as a variable during leaching, which was performed for 3 h under each condition. The leaching efficiency was calculated using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis of the leachate. All types of persulfate-based oxidizing agents used in this study showed a Li leaching efficiency over 92%. In particular, when leaching was performed using (NH4)2S2O8, the highest Li leaching percentage of 93.3% was observed, under the conditions of 50 g/L pulp density and an oxidizing agent concentration of 1.1 molar ratio.