• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.663-668
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• 2010

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon disorder with few cases reported. It usually occurs in young males and has benign self-limiting course without any apparent concomitant factor. It is seen after intrathoracic pressure changes leading to alveolar rupture. The clinical experiences of two medical centers were reviewed to aid in optimal management. Material and Method: Retrospective review between March 2003 and August 2010 with spontaneous pneumomediastinum patients was performed. Result: 24 patients were identified with a diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. These 24 patients were comprised of 18 men and 6 women with mean age 18.9 years (range 10 ~ 33). The major initial complaints were chest pain (79.2%), throat pain (62.5%), and subcutaneous emphysema (41.7%). The triggering events were exercise (16.7%), coughing (12.5%) and vomiting (12.5%). No apparent triggering event was noted in 54.2% of patients. In all cases, chest radiograph and computed tomography was done. Diagnostic computed tomography was required in 25%. White blood cell counts and C-reactive protein (CRP) were checked, and their initial mean values were $9,790{\pm}3,240/{\mu}L$ Land $1.31{\pm}1.71mg/dL$, final mean values were $5,440{\pm}1,665/{\mu}L$ Land $0.72{\pm}0.73mg/dL$, respectively. 23 patients were admitted (average $5.0{\pm}1.8$) and the symptoms were self-limiting in all cases without complications. Conclusion: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign condition with mild inflammatory signs that often presents with chest or throat pain. Secondary causes must be ruled out to avoid an unfavorable outcome with less invasive study. Because of very rare complications and recurrence, outpatient basis and shortened hospitalization may be feasible.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.512-516
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• 1997

We have experienced 66 cases of video assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) of spontaneous pneumothorax. The patients ranged in age from 1 Syears to 46years(mean age, 22.3years) and male patients were sixty three. The indications of video assisted thoracic surgery of spontaneous pneumothorax were recurrence, continuous air leakage, visible blabs on the chest X-ray & others. Infraoperative findings were as follows; blabs, pleural adhesion and pleural effusion. The operation was performed under general anesthesia wit double lumen endobronchial tube. Operative procedures included blebectomy and/or wedge resection of lung, vibramycin Pleurodesis with mechanical abrasion. In most cases, postoperative courses were uneventful and patients were discharged without significant complications. VATS provided the benefits of lesser postoperative pain, rapid recovery, short hospitalization, and smaller scar of wound. Conclusively VATS is a new interesting modality of surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax and also can be extensively applicable in the diagnosis and treatment of other intrathoracic disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1138-1142
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• 1996

Video-assisted thoracic surgery is a new modality that allows visualization of and access to the intrathoracic organs without making a thoracotomy Incision. 52 patients underwent thoracic procedures using this technique. There were pneumothorax in 40 patients, diffuse interstital lung disease in 6 patients, hyperhidrosis in 3 patients, pulmonary tuberculoma in 1 patient, aspergilloma in 1 patient and localized fibrous tumor of pleura in 1 patient. We had performed a variety of procedures(36 wedge resections with mechanical pleurodesis, 8 wedge resections only, 4 mechanical pleurodeses, 3 bilateral sympathectomys and 1 segmentectomy). The period of chest tube indwelling and postoperative hospitalization were 2.00 $\pm$ 1.32 days(range : 0~6 days) and 3.55 $\pm$ 1.45 days(range : 1~8 days). Four postoperative complications occurred(2 pleural effusion, 1 recurrent pneumothorax and 1 high fever). Conversion to open thoracotomy was done in 1 p tient due to massive air leakage. Patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery seem to have reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, and quicker recovery times.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.468-473
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• 1993

Background: Recent advance in video technology, endoscopic equipments, and surgical techniques have expanded the use of thoracoscopy from diagnosis of the pleural diseases to treatment of the various intrathoracic diseases. Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery(VATS) is a pretty new and fascinating thoracic surgical modality, and so we present our early VATS resuls. Methods: Using Video Thoracoscopic techniques in 30 patients for 10 months from July 1992 to April 1993, we had performed a variety of procedures. These incuded (1) bleb resections in 18 patients (19 cases), (2) mediastinal tumor excision in 4, (3) lung biopsies for parenchymal pulmonary disease in 3, (4) pleural biopasies in 3, (5) pleural tumor excision in 1, (6) and pleuropericardial window in 1. Results: There were no mortality associated with the procedures. We had minor 8 complications; prolonged air leak in 3 patients, prolonged serous drainage in 2, recurrence of pneumothorax in 1, Honer's syndrome in 1, and hoarseness in 1 patient. None of the 30 patients had reverted to the conventional full thoracotomies. Mean postoperative hospital stay of non-complicated pneumothoraces was about 5 days, which was a little shorter than conventional thoracotomy group. Conclusion: Though we had somewhat higher postoperative complication rate due to lack of experiences in the begining, we were able to convince that VATS had benifical value for patients; lesser postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, quicker recovery time, and cosmetically superior scar. The role of VATS can be expanded to the diagnosis and treatment of various thoracic diseases, even to the cardiovascular diseases, with satisfactory outcome and less postoperative morbidity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.769-772
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• 2008

The problem of disposing construction waste materials has become a national and social problem. Recycled powder generated in the process of making aggregate, and the recycled powder is land-filled in its entirety. Results of toxicity testing of recycled power show that it contains base-pair substituent mutagenicity. As recycled powder is disposed of as landfill, it can cause secondary contamination such as soil and underground water contamination. There has been very little research made on recycled powder. This study has examined the utilization of concrete mixture by using recycled powder in a mixture instead of cement and compared and analyzed the characteristics of dynamics and workability. This study has examined the application of recycled powder in concrete. Depending on the replacement rate and workability, test piece was manufactured using different mixing rate by CP, WCP, PCP. The CP was used to examine the physical property of concrete and characteristics its dynamics. The letters W of WCP and P of PCP are the initials of water and mixture. They were made using the standard mixing ratiosemphasizing the workability to determine the characteristic of dynamics of concrete based on the mixing ratio of recycled powder. With the increase in the replacement rate, CP had very little change in the strength. But with the decline of slump, the workability was not good. The result of manufacturing WCP and PCP using the standard mixing ratio showed that WCP had a drop in strength compared to the plain. PCP had almost the same value as the plain only when the replacement rate was 10%. When it was higher than that, a reduction in strength was observed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.374-379
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• 1998

From March 1985 to June 1997, 451 patients of spontaneous pneumothorax treated at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Most of the patients were male (male to female ratio, 8.2:1). The mean age of the primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) was 26.8 years, and that of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax(SSP) was 53.1 years. 330 out of 451 patients(73%) were PSP. The causes of the SSP were mostly pulmonary tuberculosis and COPD: 87 patients(72%), and 24 patients(19.2%), respectively. All the patient were treated by one of the following modalities: 1)rest and oxygen therapy in 42 patients, 2) closed thoracostomy in 208 patients, 3) thoracotomy in 156 patients, 4) VATS bullectomy in 45 patients. The mean duration of postoperative chest tube drainage was as following: thoracotomy 8.3 days, VATS bullectomy 4.7 days. For recent 3 consecutive years, VATS bullectomy has become the more frequently applied operative procedure than thoracotomy in the treatment of surgically indicated PSP, from 33% in 1994 to 78% in 1996. With the minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery being more prevalent, VATS bullectomy will be able to be the 1st choice of treatment not only for the recurrent pneumothoracies but also for the some selected cases of the 1st episode pneumothoracies. To verify this approach as clinically acceptable one in terms of cost-effectiveness, recurrence rate, etc, a large scale of multi-institutional clinical study will be needed in a sooner time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2019

Recently, the importance of Total Life Cycle System Management (TLCSM) and LIFE-CYCLE COSTS management is increasing in the development of weapon systems. In cost management, cost forecasting is important from the initial development stage, but it is difficult to predict the total life cycle cost at the development stage. In this study, we propose efficient management cost calculation and management at the development stage of the weapon system by comparison analysis between the PRICE-HL model and NemoSIM to calculate the maintenance cost under the CAIV concept. Based on the study results, further in-depth analyzes of the PRICE-HL model and NemoSIM input values / results are performed. In addition, we provide a more accurate method of calculating the cost of maintaining and operating the weapon system and a plan to utilize the result of NemoSIM in the ILS element development.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.27-41
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• 2009

With explosive growth in the area of the Internet and IT services, various types of digital contents are generated and circulated, for instance, as converted into digital-typed, secure electronic records or reports, which have high commercial value, e-tickets and so on. However, because those digital contents have commercial value, high-level security should be required for delivery between a consumer and a provider with non face-to-face method in online environment. As a digital contents, an e-ticket is a sort of electronic certificate to assure ticket-holder's proprietary rights of a real ticket. This paper focuses on e-ticket as a typical digital contents which has real commercial value. For secure delivery and use of digital contents in on/off environment, this paper proposes that 1) how to generate e-tickets in a remote e-ticket server, 2) how to authenticate a user and a smart card holding e-tickets for delivery in online environment, 3) how to save an e-ticket transferred through network into a smart card, 4) how to issue and authenticate e-tickets in offline, and 5) how to collect and discard outdated or used e-tickets.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.518-522
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• 2000

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of waste nutrient solution (WNS) on growth and development of poinsettia 'Gutbier V-10 Amy'. To achieve this, WNS collected from rose grown in greenhouse was diluted with various times and 500 mL of each solution was applied every week. Then growth characteristics and nutrient uptake were determined at 180 days after transplanting. The treatment of undiluted WNS had highest plant height and length of branch among treatments tested, but there were no statistical differences in the number of bract and branches. Undiluted WNS had higher leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, and dry weight than any other treatments tested. There was also a trend that increased dilution times of WNS resulted in decreased plant growth. Undiluted WNS had higher chlorophyll content than Hyponex treatment, but diameter of crown did not show significant differences among treatments. In the analysis of root media collected at 6 months after fertilization, the treatment of undiluted WNS had higher electrical conductivity and organic matter content than other treatments, but the Hyponex treatment had higher phosphorus concentration than other treatments tested.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.364-371
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• 2005

Packaging bags and corrugated boxes prepared from newly developed antimicrobial packaging paper had greater ability to prolong freshness of packed fruits, and lower weight loss of fruits and microbial growth than non-treated bags and boxes. Addition of zeolite to paper greatly increased absorbance of aging hormone, $C_{2}H_{4}$, emitted from stored fruits, and contributed to decrease in putrefied fruits during storage. Water repellent agent such as alkyl ketone dimer played significant role in preventing functional paper from absorbing water from stored fruits, leading to preservation of fresh weight in stored fruits. Because rise in production cost of functional packaging paper could be offset by reduction of fruit and vegetable wastes, storing fruits and vegetables in functional paper containers was more economical than storing in non-treated containers.