• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

Since 1980's, Countless schools across the nation, particularly in rural areas, have been closed down by the large fall in number of students. Otherwise, an elderly population has been increasing rapidly, so the demand for welfare services for the elderly population is also increasing. However, the supply of elderly welfare facilities remains inadequate. The purpose of this study is to propose remodelling plan of elderly welfare facility using Closed schools. The result of this study were as follows; in unit-based facility plans, Single room type can be used for elder who lives alone or an elderly couple. Senior Congregate Housing type can be used for four to five people. These two types have equal sunlight and ventilation conditions for each room, and are for an old man in relatively good health. Membership resort type is for the healthy senior who lives in the rural area or lives in the city who wants short-term residence. In case of a Nursing home type, the existing one-sided corridor was converted into a central corridor and each classroom is divided into four rooms. This type has advantage for nursing and management, on the other hand, the corridor is narrow and each room has differences for sunlight and ventilation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.556-576
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• 2023

This study attempted to find a way to utilize idle spaces in rural areas as a way to respond to rural extinction. Based on the keywords "startup," "youth start-up," and "youth start-up+rural," start-up+rural," the study sought to identify the perception of idle facilities in rural areas through the keywords "Idle facilities" and "closed schools." The study presented basic data for policy direction and plan search by reviewing frequency analysis, major keyword analysis, network analysis, emotional analysis, and domestic and foreign cases. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that idle facilities and school closures are acting importantly as factors for regional regeneration. Second, in the case of youth startups in rural areas, it was found that not only education on agriculture but also problems for residence should be solved together. Third, in the case of young people, it was confirmed that it was necessary to establish digital utilization for agriculture by actively starting a business using digital. Finally, in order to attract young people and revitalize the region through best practices at home and abroad, policy measures that can serve as various platforms such as culture and education as well as startups should be presented in connection with local residents. These results are significant in that they presented implications for youth start-ups in rural areas by reviewing start-up recognition for the influx of young people as one of the alternatives for the use of idle facilities and regional regeneration, and if additional solutions are presented through field surveys, they can be used to set policy goals that fit the reality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.52-61
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• 2003

It is to be profound that the population in rural area has been decreased, as a greate number of people have moved to urban area, in accordance with rapidly civilization in Korea. In 1990's years, it is become to as the social problem. As a result, many elementary schools in rural area were to be closed. Closed school facilities were used as a community facilities in rural area, but that reusing rates and method is not systematic. A decline in the work of construction is need to involve with the interior and remodeling. The purpose of this study is to suggest the effective employment and using methodology as a community facilities of closed school in rural area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2021

Changes in the population structure caused by a decrease in the birthrate and an extension of life expectancy cause problems in utilization inefficiencies of closed schools and shortage welfare facilities for the aged. The closed schools have location characteristics that are close to the existing residence and facilities such as land and school buildings, so it is expected that the schools will be used as welfare facilities for the aged in the community. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the facility characteristics of closed schools in northern Gyeonggi-Do and present the types of aged welfare facilities that can be built, providing basic data for developing customized aged welfare facilities. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The proportion of aged people in northern Gyeonggi-Do is higher than in southern Gyeonggi-Do, but welfare facilities for the aged are insufficient, so it is necessary to expand welfare facilities for the aged in northern Gyeonggi-Do. 2) Urban areas such as Paju and Goyang City have a lot of residential proximity, Dongducheon and Yangju have a lot of residential proximity, while schools located in urban and rural areas such as Yeoncheon have a lot of residential proximity. 3) Closed schools in urban areas such as Goyang City and Paju City are desirable to use them as residential facilities for senior citizens, day and night protection and short-term protection facilities, while closed schools in Namyangju City, Pocheon City, and Gapyeong County are desirable to use them as senior citizen centers and medical welfare facilities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2015

This study aims to analyze space planning of accommodations in seven closed schools involved in experiential activity programs on Jeju Island, a famous tourist destination in Korea. The results are as follows. First, 35 schools had been closed down in Jeju between 1982 and 2015. Among them, four closed schools were sold, three are currently used by the Jeju special self-government provincial office of education, and 25 are being leased by individuals, village organizations, and other entities. However, they have not been well-operated, and so strategies for the effective management or operation of these closed schools should be developed. Second, there are distinctive differences in space planning of accommodations based on the correlation between experiential activities and the types of participants. If the experiential activity participants are mainly individuals or small groups, the closed school is likely to plan double-bed accommodations and individual bathrooms rather than large group rooms. Third, in order to operate experiential activity programs, closed schools require four different spaces for experiential activities, lodging, dining, and sanitation. The largest space available in each school building is used for experiential activities, and original classrooms are still in use. According to the standard drawing of school architecture, standard classroom size since 1997 has been $7.5{\times}9$ meters, and lodging rooms have mainly been re-planned based on the module of the standard-sized classroom. School cafeterias are utilized as dinning and kitchen spaces. For sanitation purposes, original school restrooms are still used by experiential program participants, while the shower rooms are newly equipped.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.84-104
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• 1994

The migration of population into the city has been on the increase according as Korea has been industrialized repidly since the 1960's. And there is a steady decrease in rural population. Thus lack of the number of the students forced many elementary Schools to be abolished. The aim of this study is to grasp the abolition types and the regional characteristics with the subject region of Chungbuk province. From the viewpoint of the increasing abolition of the elementary schools, I think it is very important to understand how the elementary schools have been abolished so far and predict how the subject region will have been changed in geography. Data for this study are based on Annual Establishment-Abolition Situation of the Schools published by Chungbuk office of Education in 1992, and many Kinds of the statistical reports, and the interview with the related. The results are as follows: 1. By examining the change of the number of the elementary schools and students in Chnugbuk, the numder of the students had also decreased since 1969 and was less than the half in 1990. As the number of the schools began to decrease ten years later than the students began to, the abolition of the elementary schools has started in reality from 1980's. 2. The 72 elementary schools were aboilshed between 1980 and 1992: the principal school is 9.7%, the branch school is 90.3%. The most fifteen schools are abolished in Yongdong-county and Chechon-county, and the least one school is abolished in Chechon-city and Okchon-county, and there is no abolition in Chongju-city and Chungju-city: According to the type of the abolition process, the least seven principal schools are abolished, and the principal school is reorganized as a branch school and twenty eight branch schools are abolished, and the most thirty seven branch schools are abolished. 3. When special change of the abolition is classified into the first perio (1980-1986) and the second period (1987-1992), in the first period the principal and branch schools were abolished and they are 13.9% of total abolition. The abolition out of them by building a dam is 60%. The principal schools in the submerged area though they have many students, were abolished. In the second period sixty two branch schools are abolished and they are 86.1% of total abolition. The most fifteen schools are abolished in Yongdong-county, thirteen in Chechon-county, seven in Tanyang-county, six in Chongwon-county, five in Chungwon-county and Koesan-county. Unlike the first period, the schools were abolished in this period because the number of students was so small. In this period sixty branch schools were abolished. All the students in the abolished schools except six schools transfered to the principal schools. The 58 school authorities help the students attend school by bus or support the expenses for attending school after that. 4. The abolition types of city, county and myon are classified into five types by the number of the abolished schools. The most forty nine abolished schools in type II are 68.1 of the total abolition. The least three abolished ones in type I are 12.5%. Considering the relation between the abolition type ane the number of schools and students, the number of the schools, increased in type I, II, III, V except IV from 1980 and then have decreased by abolition since 1980, while the more students decreased than they did in 1970 and the more the abolished school increases, the less the students decreases. The average students per school decreased in every abolition type and the most students decreased in type IV. 5. Considering the relation between the abolition type and the regional characteristics, most abolished schools were located between 100m and 300m above the sea level and it is 71% of the total abolition. The region without the abolition is high in the ratio of the cultivate land, ratio of rice field, and the part-time farmer, but the region with many abolition is low in the ratio of cultivated land. As for the manufacturing there are the most city, county and myon in the abolition type in Youngdong-county and Chechon-county where the manufacturing ratio of employing is low but Chongju-city without the abolition is a region where the manufacturing ratio is high. Consequently the development of the manufacturing causes the population to emigation out and the decrease of the population leads the transport is difficult of access, the facilities sold after being abolished are not being used in many ways. 7. Take an example of Youndong-county where the most schools were abolished, I have examined the school district and the population characteristics of the abolition. Though there were more villages, households, populations in the region that is higher than low above the sea level, the schools were abolished. Therefore we know that above the sea level had a great effect on the abolition. As a result of the regional analysis of the abolition, many schools were abolished by the artificial buildings such as a dam in the early 1980's but the schools in the late 1980's were abolished ten years later after the students decreased. More schools were abolished in the region where the manufacturing industry didn't develop. And the higher the school position was above the sea level, the sooner the school was abolished. It is also proved that both the beautiful natural scenery and accessibility are the important factor in using the abolished facilities practically.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Under the influence of birth control and rapid urbanization, China's rural school-age population is on a year-by-year decrease, which has led approximately 300 thousand middle and primary schools to idleness ever since 2000. A majority of these idle schools are located in rural areas, almost one half remaining idle due to vagueness in property right. The disposed schools are less efficient for not being combined with the real situation of rural areas. Based on the opportunity of coordinative development of urban-rural areas, this paper analyzes the situationsin terms of the development of public service facilities and the gap between rural and urban areas over the recent years. Then the effective and sustainable reuse scheme to dispose of the idle schools and reshape them into the facilities for the elders, cultural facilities and medical facilities is proposed from the perspectives of perfecting rural public service facilities and guaranteeing citizens' equal share of public service, which both maintains the public nature of the idle schools, reconciles the fuzzy property right, and boosts efficiency of reuse, saves resources, and reduces investment for perfecting rural public facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

The elementary schools which have played the role as core institution of farming and fishing area and the central of community are either unionized nor abolished. These appearances are showed from not only certain area but all throughout the nation. This is to investigate the abolition of elementary schools and the practical use device through the conditions of elementary schools in Chonnam area. Such problems like school carrying out or schooling course and teacher supply and demand outbreaks in the areas of school attendance population rapidly decrease. These kind of problems should be solved by linked to true character of local area, maintenance & preservation of property value, balanced expansion of the country instead of simple school attendance population decrease and abolition of school. The practical device for rapidly coming school abolition and many related problems are urgently needed. And to solve all these kind of problums, First, enough examinations before the fact and communication & agreement with local residents will be needed. Second, basic dierction of device for usage of school after abolition school should be selected.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

This study identifies the ways of utilizing abolition schools and the problems possibly caused by amalgamating small schools in agricultural, mountain and fishing villages. This study aims to find ways to collaborate with the communities based on the characteristics of the districts where schools might be abolished, which can contribute to the development of the society. Following results are integrated by the theoretical framework, social and educational necessities, and analysis of the current situation about the utilization of abolition schools. First, alternative schools, characterized schools, specialized high school can be established as the result of abolition schools that are caused by lack of people in the city. Second, since it is easy for people to access to the agricultural, mountain, and fishing villages near cities, abolition schools in these areas can be used as experience facilities or training places for students and teachers. Third, in case of the abolition candidate schools in the agricultural, mountain, and fishing villages in the districts, students and village people can use the schools for education and social purposes. Fourth, when abolition schools are independently located from the agricultural, mountain, and fishing villages, they can be used as self-service places or local peoples' places for business.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

According to the decrease in birth rate and reduction of population in rural area, primary schools have brought about many problems for decrease of number of student, and environment of education have became deteriorated. Accordingly, primary schools be required improvement, and it should be altered placement of schools because it change number of student, distance and time of attending school, and formation of school zone are changed by alternating of human and physical environment. Merger and abolition of primary school is inevitable for change of placement standard to primary school and qualitative improvement of environment of education in rural area. This study suggests the effective space planning methods for unified school and appropriate utilization alternatives for closed school following after the merger and abolition of small rural schools. In doing so, it explores the present models of merger and abolition through analysis of all sort of actual condition and the possibilities for various utilizations of the abolished schools. It proposes a classroom-operation type fused the comprehensive class and departmental class system for merged primary schools in rural area. It also suggests the re-use methods of closed school facilities for students and community. Finally, it emphasizes that in order to success the policy of the merger and abolition of small schools, it be attributed to the social-cultural environment based on local residents and community and required provision of a variety of utilization plans reflecting local specifics and guarantee of local residents' participation and selection.