• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2019

An analytical method was developed for the determination of an antibiotic fungicide, kasugamycin, in agricultural products (hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin and green pepper) using liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted with methanol adjusted to pH 13 using 1 N sodium hydroxide, and purified with a HLB (hydrophilic lipophilic balance) cartridge. Linearity of a matrix-matched calibration curve using seven concentration levels, from 0.001 to 0.1 mg/kg, was excellent with a correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of more than 0.9998. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of instrument were 0.0005 and $0.001{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and the LOQ of analytical method calculated as 0.01 mg/kg. The average recoveries at three spiking levels (LOQ, $LOQ{\times}10$, $LOQ{\times}50$, n=5) were in the range of 71.2~95.4% with relative standard deviation of less than 12.1%. The developed method was simple and all optimized results was satisfied with the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines and Food Safety Evaluation Department guidelines. The present study could be served as a reference for the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRL) of kasugamycin and be used as basic data for safety management relative to kasugamycin residues in imported and domestic agricultural products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.242-250
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• 2019

An analytical method was developed for the determination of fenquinotrione, a triketone herbicide, in agricultural products. Fenquinotrione was metabolized to KIH-3653-M-2 in plants. Analyte extraction was conducted using 2% formic acid in acetonitrile and cleaned up using a hydrophillic-lipophillic balance (HLB) cartridge. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Matrix-matched calibration curves were linear over the calibration ranges ($0.001{\sim}0.1{\mu}g/mL$) into a blank extract with $r^2>0.99$. The recovery results for fenquinotrione and KIH-3653-M-2 ranged between 81.1 to 116.2% and 78.0 to 110.0% at different concentration levels (LOQ, $10{\times}LOQ$, $50{\times}LOQ$) with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 4.6%. All values were corresponded with the criteria ranges requested in both the Codex (CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003) and MFDS guidelines (2016). Therefore, the proposed method can be used as an official analytical method for determination of fenquinotrione in the Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2019

An analytical method was developed for the determination of quinoxyfen in agricultural products using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile and water was removed by liquid-liquid partitioning with $MgSO_4$ (anhydrous magnesium sulfate) and sodium acetate. Dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup was carried out using $MgSO_4$, PSA (primary secondary amine), $C_{18}$ (octadecyl) and GCB (graphitized carbon black). The analytes were quantified and confirmed by using LC-MS/MS in positive mode with MRM (multiple reaction monitoring). The matrix-matched calibration curves were constructed using six levels ($0.001-0.25{\mu}g/mL$) and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was above 0.99. Recovery results at three concentrations (LOQ, 10 LOQ, and 50 LOQ, n=5) were in the range of 73.5-86.7% with RSDs (relative standard deviations) of less than 8.9%. For inter-laboratory validation, the average recovery was 77.2-95.4% and the CV (coefficient of variation) was below 14.5%. All results were consistent with the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines (CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003) and Food Safety Evaluation Department guidelines (2016). The proposed analytical method was accurate, effective and sensitive for quinoxyfen determination in agricultural commodities. This study could be useful for the safe management of quinoxyfen residues in agricultural products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2019

An analytical method was developed for the determination of fenpropimorph, a morpholine fungicide, in hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin and green pepper using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). The QuEChERS extraction was performed with acetonitrile followed by addition of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. After centrifugation, d-SPE (dispersive solid phase extraction) cleanup was conducted using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, primary secondary amine sorbents and graphitized carbon black. The matrix-matched calibration curves were constructed using seven concentration levels, from 0.0025 to 0.25 mg/kg, and their correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of five agricultural products were higher than 0.9899. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.001 and 0.0025 mg/kg, respectively, and the limits of quantification for the analytical method were 0.01 mg/kg. Average recoveries spiked at three levels (LOQ, $LOQ{\times}10$, $LOQ{\times}50$, n=5) and were in the range of 90.9~110.5% with associated relative standard deviation values less than 5.7%. As a result of the inter-laboratory validation, the average recoveries between the two laboratories were 88.6~101.4% and the coefficient of variation was also below 15%. All optimized results were satisfied the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines and Food Safety Evaluation Department guidelines. This study could serve as a reference for safety management relative to fenpropimorph residues in imported and domestic agricultural products.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.137.1-137.1
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• 2010

SOFC cell 하나의 전위차는 약1.1V이기 때문에 발전용으로 사용하기 위해서는 수많은 단전지를 직렬로 연결하는 구조가 필요하다. 이러한 stack의 디자인에서 발생하는 문제를 획기적으로 개선한 형태가 하나의 지지체에 셀을 직렬로 연결함으로 전극의 선폭 및 단위 셀 간의 간격이 기존 평판형, 원통형에 비해 대폭 축소되어 전극 및 연결재의 저항손실을 최소화할 수 있는 Segmented형 SOFC이다. Segmented SOFC에 적용하기 위한 세라믹 다공성 지지체는 연료와 공기에서의 화학적 안정성, 셀의 구성소재와 반응이 없으며 열팽창계수가 유사해야하는 특성을 가져야하는데 그 중에서도 지지체로써 적절한 기계적 강도와 높은 가스투과도가 요구되어진다. 본 연구에서는 고온에서 안정한 Spinel의 MgAl2O4를 주성분으로 하는 다공성 지지체를 압출 성형하여 평관형으로 제조하였으며 활성탄을 기공형성제로 사용하여 연료의 공급이 원활하도록 약 30%의 기공율을 가지는 다공성 세라믹 지지체를 제조하였다. 제조된 세라믹 지지체에 연료극(NiO/YSZ), 전해질(TZ8Y), 공기극(LSM)을 코팅하여 실제 SOFC에 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1853-1857
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• 2008

본 연구는 국내하천을 대상으로 하천의 단면 형상 및 수위, 유량자료를 실측하여 유량 변화에 따른 조도 계수를 산정하고, 하상 재료와 하천 규모에 따른 조도계수를 비교 분석하였다. 실측 자료는 다양한 유량 변화 자료를 얻을 수 있는 2007년 6월에서 9월 사이에 이루어졌으며, 대상 하천의 조도계수는 미국 지질조사국의 NCALC 모형을 이용하여 산정하였다. 조사 지점은 하상재료가 거석으로 이루어진 섬진강(곡성), 호박돌로 이루어진 평창강(방림), 달천(괴산), 홍천강(서면), 금강(현도1, 현도2)과 자갈 모래로 구성된 금강(이원) 지점, 모래하천인 내성천(평은) 그리고 도시하천인 탄천(복정)으로 총 9개 지점에서 이루어졌다. 조사 결과 모든 하천의 조도계수는 유량 증가에 따라 감소하면서 일정한 값으로 수렴하는 경향을 보였으며, 하상 입경과 규모에 따라 서로 다른 범위의 조도계수를 나타냈다. 가장 큰 조도계수의 범위를 보이는 곳은 하상재료가 큰 섬진강(곡성)과 홍천강(서면), 달천(괴산) 지점이었으며, 모래하천인 내성천(평은)과 도시하천인 탄천(복정)은 가장 작은 조도계수의 범위를 보였다. 또한, 하상 재료 특정입도($d_{16}$, $d_{50}$, $d_{84}$, $d_w$)가 흐름저항에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 Limerinos에 의해 제안된 상대조도를 분석한 결과, 하상재료의 특성이 상이하게 다른 섬진강(곡성)과 내성천(평은), 탄천(복정)을 제외하고 하상재료와 상대조도 사이에서의 관계식을 산정할 수 있었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.772-780
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• 1987

The normal and tangential belt forces for two types of flat belts are measured and compared. From friction theory, ti was assumed that tangential friction is proportional to the actual contact area $A_{a}$ and $A_{a}$ is proportional to normal pressure P; i.e., $A_{a}$ .var.P$^{n}$ . For a flat belt with cloth backing, the n=2/3 is obtained for the constant of belt surface model. For a flat belt with rubber backing, the n=0.9 to n=1.0 is suggested as a surface model constant. The theoretical equation developed in this paper showed agood with the experimental results.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.895-902
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• 2015

In this paper, finite element analysis of a cycloidal pitch reducer for a 2 MW-class wind turbine is reviewed. The system is composed of one cycloid set, one spur gear set, an input shaft, an output shaft, and a housing. The system was also evaluated for stability by analyzing spur gear strength according to ISO 6336. An analysis of the natural vibration characteristics of the 2 MW-class wind turbine cycloid pitch reducer was performed with attention to critical speed with input mass unbalance, output mass unbalance, spur gear transmission error, cycloid gear transmission error, and excitation frequency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.202-207
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• 2010

In this paper, we present an automatic sentiment classification method for on-line movie reviews that do not contain explicit sentiment rating scores. For the sentiment polarity classification, positive or negative, we use a Support Vector Machine classifier based on syllable kernel that is an extended model of string kernel. We give some experimental results which show that proposed syllable kernel model can be effectively used in sentiment classification tasks for on-line movie reviews that usually contain a lot of grammatical errors such as spacing or spelling errors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.972-972
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• 2012

일반적으로 자갈하천의 하상에는 여울, 소의 연쇄 구조(Riffle-pool sequences)가 발생한다. 여울은 수심이 얕아 유속이 빠른 부분이고 소는 수심이 깊어 유속이 느린 부분에 해당한다. 여울과 소의 연쇄구조는 모래하천에서는 보이지 않는데, 여울에서는 빠른 유속으로 인하여 하상의 조립화가 진행되며, 반대로 소에서는 하상이 세립토로 구성된다. 그리고 여울은 하도의 경사에 따라 발생하며, 유속의 빠름과 느림에 따라 크게 평여울과 급여울로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구의 대상하천인 양양 남대천은 국내에서는 보기 드물게 개발이 거의 되어있지 않으며 조사대상 구간인 어성전(법수치) 계곡을 포함한 양양 남대천 상류 약 0.4 km은 산지하천 구간으로 비교적 자연하천의 상태를 유지하고 있다. 본 연구는 자갈하천의 구간에서 연속적으로 발생하는 여울, 소를 대상으로 하상경사, 하상재료, 수심, 유속 등 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 이 구간에서의 나타난 여울 구간은 11개소로 구분할 수 있으며, 급여울이 시작되는 구간에서부터 여울과 소는 반복적인 형태로 나타났다. 하상경사는 평여울 구간에서 0.0011-0.0057, 급여울 구간에서 0.0143-0.0201로 나타났다. 하상재료는 $D_{50}$의 경우 평여울 구간에서 3.66-4.63 mm, 급여울 구간에서 3.61-4.63 mm로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구는 자연하천이 갖는 여울, 소 연쇄구조의 물리적 특성을 이해하고, 자연형 여울, 소를 조성하거나 복원 시 설계를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.