DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

QuEChERS법과 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 농산물 중 Fenpropimorph 시험법 개발 및 검증

Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Fenpropimorph in Agricultural Products Using QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS

  • 이한솔 (식품의약품안전처 식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 잔류물질과) ;
  • 도정아 (식품의약품안전처 식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 잔류물질과) ;
  • 박지수 (식품의약품안전처 식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 잔류물질과) ;
  • 조성민 (식품의약품안전처 식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 잔류물질과) ;
  • 신혜선 (식품의약품안전처 식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 잔류물질과) ;
  • 장동은 (식품의약품안전처 식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 잔류물질과) ;
  • 최영내 (한국식품과학연구원) ;
  • 정용현 (식품의약품안전처 식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 잔류물질과) ;
  • 이강봉 (식품의약품안전처 식품의약품안전평가원 식품위해평가부 잔류물질과)
  • Lee, Han Sol (Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Do, Jung-Ah (Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Park, Ji-Su (Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Cho, Sung Min (Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Shin, Hye-Sun (Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Jang, Dong Eun (Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Choi, Young-Nae (Korea Advanced Food Research Institute) ;
  • Jung, Yong-hyun (Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Lee, Kangbong (Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
  • 투고 : 2019.01.30
  • 심사 : 2019.02.21
  • 발행 : 2019.04.30

초록

본 연구는 농산물 중 잔류허용기준 신설 예정 농약인 펜프로피모르프의 안전 관리를 위한 공정 시험법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 펜프로피모르프는 모르폴린계 살균제로 스테롤 생합성을 저해하여 곡류와 채소류에 발병하는 녹병과 흰가루병 및 바나나에 발병하는 시가토카병을 방제 하는 데 사용되고 있다. 현재 국내에는 농산물 중 펜프로피모르프의 잔류물의 정의 및 잔류허용기준이 설정되어 있지 않고, 수입식품 바나나에 대한 잔류허용기준을 신설할 예정이다. 이에 농산물 중 잔류농약 분석 및 검사를 위한 공정 시험법 마련이 시급하여 본 연구에서는 대표농산물 5종(현미, 감자, 대두, 감귤, 고추)을 대상으로 시험법을 개발하고자 하였다. 따라서 QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe)법을 이용한 추출 및 정제법을 최적화하여 LC-MS/MS에 의한 분석법을 확립하였다. 펜프로피모르프의 시험법 정량한계는 0.01 mg/kg이며 5종의 농산물에 0.01, 0.1 및 0.5 mg/kg의 처리농도로 회수율 실험을 한 결과 평균 회수율은 90.9~110.5%이었고, 상대표준편차는 5.7% 이하로 조사되었다. 또한 실험실간 검증 결과 두 실험실간 회수율 결과에 따른 평균값은 88.6~101.4%이며 변이계수(CV) 또한 14.6% 이하로 조사되어 국제식품규격위원회 가이드라인(CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003)의 잔류농약 분석 기준 및 식품의약품안전평가원의 '식품등 시험법 마련 표준절차에 관한 가이드라인(2016)'에 적합한 수준임을 검증하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 시험법은 국내 및 수입 농산물 중 펜프로피모르프의 안전 관리를 위한 공정시험법으로 활용될 수 있으며 잔류물의 정의 및 잔류허용기준을 설정하는 데 기초자료로써 활용 가능할 것이다.

An analytical method was developed for the determination of fenpropimorph, a morpholine fungicide, in hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin and green pepper using QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). The QuEChERS extraction was performed with acetonitrile followed by addition of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. After centrifugation, d-SPE (dispersive solid phase extraction) cleanup was conducted using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, primary secondary amine sorbents and graphitized carbon black. The matrix-matched calibration curves were constructed using seven concentration levels, from 0.0025 to 0.25 mg/kg, and their correlation coefficient ($R^2$) of five agricultural products were higher than 0.9899. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.001 and 0.0025 mg/kg, respectively, and the limits of quantification for the analytical method were 0.01 mg/kg. Average recoveries spiked at three levels (LOQ, $LOQ{\times}10$, $LOQ{\times}50$, n=5) and were in the range of 90.9~110.5% with associated relative standard deviation values less than 5.7%. As a result of the inter-laboratory validation, the average recoveries between the two laboratories were 88.6~101.4% and the coefficient of variation was also below 15%. All optimized results were satisfied the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines and Food Safety Evaluation Department guidelines. This study could serve as a reference for safety management relative to fenpropimorph residues in imported and domestic agricultural products.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Morton, V., Staub, T.: A short history of fungicides. Online, APSnet Features, doi: 10.1094/APSnetFeature-2008-0308 (2008).
  2. Thirup, L., Johnsen, K., Torsvik, V., Spliid, N.H., Jacobsen, C.S.: Effects of fenpropimorph on bacteria and fungi during decomposition of barely roots. Soil Biol. Biochem., 33, 1517-1524 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00067-0
  3. Mercer, E.I.: Morpholine antifungals and their mode of action. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 19, 788-793 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190788
  4. The Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR), Pesticide residues in food 2017. Available at http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/JMPR/Evaluation2017/FENPROPIMORPH__188_.pdf (2018).
  5. Chemicalize, Fenpropimorph. Available at https://chemicalize.com/#/calculation (2018).
  6. European Commission, EU Pesticides database. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/public/?event=pesticide.residue.CurrentMRL&language=EN (2018).
  7. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Regulation of Pesticide Residues on Food. Available at https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=6ce2762eefa71664737e889a9f285c2f&mc=true&node=se40.26.180_1616&rgn=div8 (2018).
  8. The Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation, Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) List of Agricultural Chemicals in Foods. Available at https://db.ffcr.or.jp/front/pesticide_detail?id=59500 (2018).
  9. Anastassiades, M., Lehotay, S.J.: Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and "Dispersive solid-phase extraction" for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J. AOAC Int., 86, 412-431 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.2.412
  10. Lehotay, S.J., Mastovska, K., Lightfield, A.R.: Use of buffering and other means to improve results of problematic pesticides in a fast and easy method for residue analysis of fruits and vegetables. J. AOAC Int., 88, 615-629 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.2.615
  11. Lehotay, S.J., Son K.A., Kwon H., Koesukwiwat, U., Fu, W., Mastovska, K., Hoh, E., Leepipatpiboon, N.: Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 2548-2560 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.044
  12. Lopes, R.P., Freitas, E.E., Filho, J.F.A., Vargas, E.A., Augusti, D.V., Augusti, R.: Development and validation of a method for the determination of sulfonamides in animal feed by modified QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS analysis. Food Control, 28, 192-198 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.04.026
  13. Lopes, R.P., Reyes, R.C., Gonzalez, R.R., Frenich, A.G., Vidal, J.L.: Development and validation of a multiclass method for the determination of veterinary drug residues in chicken by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta, 89, 201-208 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.082
  14. Lehotay, S.J.: Validation of a fast and easy method for the determination of residues from 229 pesticides in fruits and vegetables using gas and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. J. AOAC Int., 88, 595-614 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.2.595
  15. Walorczyk, S.: Development of a multi-residue method for the determination of pesticides in cereals and dry animal feed using gas chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry II. Improvement and extension to new analytes. J. Chromatogr. A, 1208, 202-214 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.068
  16. Carneiro, R.P., Oliveira, F.A.S., Madureira, F.D., Silva, G., Souza, W.R.de, Lopes, R.P.: Development and method validation for determination of 128 pesticides in bananas by modified QuEChERS and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Food Control, 33, 413-423 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.02.027
  17. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Pesticide analytical residues manual in food code (2013).
  18. Wilkowska, A., Biziuk, M.: Determination of pesticide residues in food matrices using the QuEChERS methodology. Food Chem., 125, 803-812 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.094
  19. CODEX Alimentarius Commission, Guidelines on good laboratory practice in residue analysis. CAC/GL 40-1993 (2003).
  20. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Guidelines on standard procedures for preparing analysis method (2016).