• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.346-356
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• 2013

This study investigated the daily physical activity level, energy expenditure, energy balance, and body composition and their relationship with university students. The participants were 130 male students ($19.5{\pm}0.5$ yrs) and 139 female students ($19.5{\pm}0.3$ yrs) at a university in Chungnam province. Physical activity level was evaluated by an equation based on 24 hr-activity record and dietary nutrient intake was evaluated using the food record method during a three-day period consisting of two week days and one weekend. Body composition was measured using Inbody 430 (Biospace Co., Cheonan, Korea). As a result, mean body mass index (BMI) of subjects indicated that they had normal weight, however mean body fat ratio was $19.1{\pm}5.4%$ for males and $28.4{\pm}5.0%$ for females, indicating that they had higher than normal weight. Daily mean physical activity level was 1.55 for males and 1.47 for females, which was regarded as 'low active', respectively. Females had more light activity than males (p<0.01). Daily mean energy expenditure was $2,803.5{\pm}788.9$ kcal/d for males and $1,915.4{\pm}510.2$ kcal/d for females (p<0.001). Daily mean dietary energy intake was $2,327.0{\pm}562.5$ kcal/d for males and $1,802.1{\pm}523.6/d$ for females (p<0.001), and daily mean energy balance was $-476.5{\pm}955.9$ kcal/d for males and $-113.3{\pm}728.1$ kcal/d for females (p<0.01). Daily mean dietary intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals, except Ca, satisfied recommended nutrient intake. Daily energy expenditure was positively related to body weight (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), and fat free mass ratio (p<0.05), but was negatively related to body fat ratio (p<0.01). In conclusion, subjects had a negative energy balance and low physical activity. They had a normal weight by BMI but had a more fat than normal weight by body fat ratio. This appears to be related to their low physical activity. Thus, nutrition education should be provided for university students in order to increase their physical activity for maintenance of normal weight by body composition and health promotion.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2020

This study conducted a questionnaire survey on diet behavior in male and female university students in Cheongju area and examined the behavioral characteristics related to diets such as body type awareness degree, actual weight and height, diet experience, and side effects. The desired average weight of male students was 68.81kg, which was 6.42% less than the current average weight of 73.53kg. The desired weight of female students was 49.15kg, which was 9.95% lower than the current average weight of 54.58kg. There was a significant difference between male and female groups in all questions on diet characteristics (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). Looking at the result of this study, it is necessary to provide accurate nutrition knowledge and proper education and counseling programs so that university students who desire to have a slimmer body shape that have highly dissatisfied view on their weight can maintain their healthy life through desirable weight management.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.541-551
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• 2012

In our previous work, we reported consumers' perceptions of body shape and weight control. In an ongoing effort, we analyzed the purchasing behavior, intake patterns, future purchasing decisions, and degree of satisfaction in individuals consuming dietary formula for weight control (DF) or heath/functional foods (HFFs) by using the same survey questions. Portfolio analysis for marketing strategy was also investigated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to consumption of DF or HFF during the previous year : DF group (n = 89) and HFF group (n = 110). Average intake frequency was $1.7{\pm}0.7$ per day for HFFs and $1.5{\pm}0.9$ per day for the DF, and the most prevalent form was pill (58.2%) for HFFs and bar (42.7%) for DF. Duration of intake was $3.1{\pm}2.3$ months for HFFs versus $3.9{\pm}3.5$ months for DF. The average degree of satisfaction was $3.6{\pm}0.6$ on a 5-point scale, meaning 'relatively satisfied'. For the weight control method to be used in the future, 44.5% of the HFF group selected 'HFFs' while 47.2% of the DF group selected 'DF', showing a tendency to use the current product type in the future. The average planned period for the intake was $3.8{\pm}3.7$ months for HFFs and $3.0{\pm}2.4$ months for DF (p < 0.05). The HFF group emphasized efficacy, functional ingredients of the products, reliable products, and higher satisfaction, whereas the DF group emphasized the added materials in addition to weight control effects.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 및 비만ㆍ다이어트 박람회
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• pp.112-112
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• 2003

중학생의 체형인식과 식생활태도, 영양섭취 상태 및 식이 자기효능감을 조사하여 이들 간의 상호 관계를 알아보기 위하여, 경남 마산시, 진주시, 진해시에 소재하는 중학교 3개교를 선정하여 남녀 학생을 대상으로 설문지법을 이용하여 2002년 4월 8일부터 4월 22일 까지 조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 남학생은 평균 신장이 161.8 cm, 평균 체중이 52.4 kg, 여학생의 평균 신장은 157.1 cm, 체중 47.9 kg이었고, 체중부족군에서는 23.9%, 정상군에서는 24.5%, 체중과다군의 57.1%, 비만군의 62.5%만이 스스로의 체격을 정확하게 인식하고 있었다. (중략)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.336-346
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• 2012

This study was carried out to obtain information related to life styles, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits according to gender and weight status of college students in Ulsan. The subjects were 324 college students (144 males, 180 females), and they were divided into three groups based on BMI. The average BMI was $21.0kg/m^2$, and the BMI of underweight, normal, and overweight students were 15.4%, 63.0%, and 21.6%, respectively. Among the male students, 0.1% and 34.0%, and among the female subjects, 27.2% and 11.7%, were included in the underweight and overweight groups, respectively. For dietary habits, the rate of skipping breakfast (34.9%) was considerably higher than those skipping lunch and dinner. Overall, the nutrition knowledge score, which was assessed by 15 questions, was somewhat low (44.9/100), yet, it was higher in females than in male students. There were significant differences among gender and weight status in several items of dietary habits such as the speed of eating meals, consuming breakfast on a regular basis, and sleeping hours. 40% of the subjects had appropriate knowledge about high calorie foods with low nutritional value. In the blood analysis of the subjects, males had higher hemoglobin levels than females. Further, more females were included in the risk group of Hb, total cholesterol, and LDL. These results suggest that in order to develop nutrition education programs for college students, differences between gender and weight status, dietary habits, and nutrition knowledge level should be considered.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2007

Purpose : A universal standard of the birth weight for gestational age cannot be made since birth weight distribution varies with races, nations and eras. This report aims to establish the birth weight for gestational age patterns by sex, plurality, and parity, specific for Korean live births. Methods : The national birth certificate data of all live births in Korea from January 2000 to December 2004 were used: for live births with gestational age 24 weeks to 42 weeks (n=2,585,5160), mean birth weight, standard deviation and 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentile values were obtained for each gestational age group by one week increment. To establish final standard values of Korean birth weight distribution by gestational age, the finite mixture model to eliminated erroneous birth weights was used for respective gestational age. Same as above method the birth weight for gestational age standard by sex, plurality, and parity were completed. Results : The male newborns are more heavier than female during the entire gestational age. The singletons are more heavier than twin during the entire gestational age. The para 2 are more heavier than the para 1 during the entire gestational age. Korean standard was more heavier in 10th and 50th percentile than Lubchenco's standard. Alexander's standard was more heavier in 50th and 90th percentile than Korean standard. Conclusion : These birth weight for gestational age patterns by sex, plurality, and parity are similar to the other standards. I hope that for Korean infants, this curve will help clinicians in defining and managing the large for gestational age infants and also for infants with intrauterine growth retardation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

This study was to investigate the behavior related to health, food habits, food consumption pattern and nutrient intakes of female students who residing in dormitory(self cooking) according to BMI(Body Mass Index). This study was carried out by questionnaired on June, 2000. Three hundred nine students were answered. The results were as follows: 1. The means of height, weight and BMI were 162.37$\pm$4.36cm, 52.48$\pm$5.54kg and 19.89$\pm$1.89. Under 20 of BMI among students were 53.1% and 20-25 of BMI were 46.9% of students. 2. In the self recognition of body shape, 63.4% of under weight subjects answered that their weight were normal. 73.1% of normal weight regard themselves more obese than their actual body shape normally shows. 51.2% of under weight subjects had attempted to control their weight. This results suggest that their weight control attempts were unnecessary. 3. 81.4% of subjects were answered irregular meals regardless BMI. 89.6% of subjects skipped breakfast. The main reasons were due to lack of time or not to eat proper food. Under weight subjects had less snack than normal weight subjects did(p '||'&'||'lt; 0.05). Normal weight subjects had more bun and cake than under weight subjects(p '||'&'||'gt; 0.05). 4. The consumption of vegetables and fruits were low regardless BMI. Mean energy, protein, Fe, Vit A, B$_1$, B$_2$, niacin, Vit C were above 75% of RDA, except calcium, in subjects. This study suggest that a comprehensive nutrition education program is need for college student in dormitory to improve their eating habits about skipping meal and breakfast and to increase the consumption of vegetables and fruits.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 대한지역사회영양학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1076-1076
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• 2003

최근 소득수준의 향상 및 식생활 습관의 서구화로 비만 유병율이 증가하면서 체중조절에 대한 관심이 급증하였다. 그러나 신체적 매력 중에서 날씬함을 너무 강조하는 사회적 분위기 등의 영향으로 자신의 체형을 왜곡되게 인식함으로써 이에 따른 신체에 대한 불만족은 무분별한 체중조절을 시도하도록 자극하는 요인이 되고 있으며 이러한 무리한 체중조절은 신체적·심리적 장애를 초래하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 그러나 체형인식 및 체중조절에 대한 연구는 주로 젊은 여성들을 대상으로 한 것이 대부분으로 중년여성을 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자기체형에 대한 관심이 점차 높아지고 있는 중년여성들을 대상으로 비만도에 따른 체형인식 경향을 파악하고 체중조절에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보고자 하였다. 조사대상은 도시지역에 거주하는 40세 이상 중년여성 249명으로 일반사항, 체형인식 및 체중조절태도, 이상식행동 등에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 모든 자료는 SAS program을 이용하여 분석하였다. 조사대상자의 평균 연령은 48.5세였으며 평균 비만도(BMI)는 22.7로서 정상범위에 속하였다. 비만도에 따른 체중군별 분포는 정상체중군이 72.9%로 가장 많았으며, 저체중군이 6.7%, 과체중군이 20.4%이었다. 자기 체형에 대한 인식도를 체중군별로 비교해본 결과, 정상체중군의 40.1%만이 자신의 체형을 ‘표준체형’으로 올바르게 인식하고 있을 뿐, 8.1%는 ‘마른 체형’으로, 51.7%는 ‘살찐 체형’으로 잘못 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 저체중군의 37.5%는 자신의 체형이 ‘표준체형’이라고 인식하고 있었다. 이상적으로 생각하는 체형에 대하여 조사대상자의 80.9%가 ‘표준체형’이라고 응답하였으며, 8.7%는 ‘마른 체형’을, 10.4%는 ‘살찐 체형’을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 자기 체형에 대해 조사대상자의 55.8%가 ‘불만족하다’ 고 응답한 반면 ‘만족하다’ 고 응답한 경우는 11.1%에 불과하였다. 그러나 체중조절에 대한 관심도는 체중군별로 비교해 보았을 때, 과체중군이 저체중이나 정상체중군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 지난 1년 동안의 체중 감량 경험 여부를 조사해본 결과, 과체중군의 77.1%, 정상체중군의 65.3%, 저체중군의 62.5%가 체중감량 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 체중감량 이유를 묻는 문항에 과체중군과 정상체중군의 경우 ‘건강을 위해서’라고 응답한 경우가 가장 많은 반면 저체중군의 경우 ‘체중이 증가되었기 때문에’라고 응답한 경우가 가장 많아 체중군별로 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 조사대상자의 53.8%가 체중감량을 하는 중 부작용을 경험한 적이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 저체중군이 과체중이나 정상체중군에 비해 체중감량에 따른 부작용 경험자의 비율이 높았다. 이상식행동을 측정한 결과, 과체중이나 저체중군이 정상체중군에 비해 이상식행동 점수가 유의적으로 높았다. 세부요인별로 비교해 보았을 때, 체중조절에 대한 집착과 식이조절점수는 과체중군이 가장 높았으나, 섭식통제 관련 식행동 점수는 저체중군이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 중년여성들의 경우 대부분이 자신의 실제 체형에 대하여 그릇된 인식을 갖고 있었으며, 체중을 감량하기 위해 지속적으로 노력하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 저체중군의 경우 건강보다는 외모 때문에 무리한 체중감량을 시도하고 있었으며 이상식습관과 관련된 식행동 점수가 높은 경향을 보여 영양 및 건강 상태에 문제가 발생될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 중년여성들에게 자신의 체형과 이상체형에 대한 올바른 인식을 갖고 표준 체중을 유지할 수 있도록 지속적인 영양교육이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2004

대학생들의 신체상태와 생활습관 조사를 통해 이들의 상관관계를 비교·분석 한 결과, 정상체중군의 평균 신장과 체중은 각각 163.75 cm, 56.07 kg이었다. 조사대상자중 체중과다는 29.1%였고, 특히 과체중군과 비만군의 체지방율 및 복부비만도는 정상군과 유의적인 차이 가 인정되었다. 저체중군중 13.3%가 흡연경험 및 흡연중으로 답해 여대생의 흡연문제가 심각하였으며, 조사대상자중 81.8%가 운동을 거의 않거나 운동횟수가 불규칙한 것으로 나타났다. 저체중군을 제외 한 다른 모든 군에서 50% 이상이 '아침을 자주 거른다'고 하였으며, 과체중군과 비만군의 경우 응답자 전원이 가끔 혹은 자주 간식을 먹고 있다고 하였다 조사군의 1일 평균 칼슘섭취량은 400mg수준이었으며, 저체중군은 T값이 -1 이 하로 골감소(osteopenia)증상이 우려되었다.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.41-41
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• 2003

본 연구는 한우 복제수정란의 이식에 의해 고능력 복제한우를 생산할 수 있는 효율과 산자의 성장능력을 검정하기 위해 수행되었다. 고능력 한우의 귀세포를 이용하여 체세포복제수정란을 생산하였고 그 신선수정란을 대리모에 이식한 결과는 다음과 같다. 2000년 (n=35)과 2001년 (n=121)에 이식한 복제소의 분만율은 각각 5.71%, 8.26%로 나타났다. 복제송아지의 임신기간은 평균 287일 (279~295일)이었으며 같은 기간내 인공수정 우군의 평균 임신기간인 287일 (255~293)과 동일하였다. 복제송아지의 분만시 사산율은 6.67%였으며, 인공수정시의 94.44%와 비슷하였다. 그러나 분만후 복제송아지의 생존율은 36.67%로서 인공수정의 100% 보다 매우 낮았다. 그리고 태어난 후 200일 이상 생존한 송아지의 생시 평균체중은 28.25kg (AI 23.67kg)이었고, 복제송아지의 경우 생시체중이 표준체중보다 적거나 (<20kg) 또는 거대체중 (>35kg)의 경우는 분만후 대부분 사망하였다. 상기 결과에 의해 현재의 복제기술에 의한 한우 생산효율은 아주 낮고 분만 후 거대체중등 비정상인 경우가 많아 생존율이 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이에 대한 원인구명에 관한 기초연구의 확대가 요망된다.