• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.429-440
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• 2021

With the recent development of deep convolutional neural network learning, deep learning techniques applied to single image super-resolution are showing good results. One of the existing deep learning-based super-resolution techniques is RDN(Residual Dense Network), in which the initial feature information is transmitted to the last layer using residual dense blocks, and subsequent layers are restored using input information of previous layers. However, if all hierarchical features are connected and learned and a large number of residual dense blocks are stacked, despite good performance, a large number of parameters and huge computational load are needed, so it takes a lot of time to learn a network and a slow processing speed, and it is not applicable to a mobile system. In this paper, we use the residual dense structure, which is a continuous memory structure that reuses previous information, and the residual dense channel attention block using the channel attention method that determines the importance according to the feature map of the image. We propose a method that can increase the depth to obtain a large receptive field and maintain a concise model at the same time. As a result of the experiment, the proposed network obtained PSNR as low as 0.205dB on average at 4× magnification compared to RDN, but about 1.8 times faster processing speed, about 10 times less number of parameters and about 1.74 times less computation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2024

Recently, the technology of autonomous driving, one of the core of the fourth industrial revolution, is developing, but sensor-based autonomous driving is showing limitations, such as accidents in unexpected situations, To compensate for this, HD-map is being used as a core infrastructure for autonomous driving, and interest in the public and private sectors is increasing, and various studies and technology developments are being conducted to secure the latest and accuracy of HD-map. Currently, NGII will be newly built in urban areas and major roads across the country, including the metropolitan area, where self-driving cars are expected to run, and is working to minimize data error rates through quality verification. Therefore, this study analyzes the spatial relationship of reference objects in the attribute structuring process for rapid and accurate renewal and production of HD-map under construction by NGII, By applying the attribute input automation methodology of the reference object in which spatial relations are established using the library of open source-based PyQGIS, target sites were selected for each road type, such as high-speed national highways, general national highways, and C-ITS demonstration sections. Using the attribute automation tool developed in this study, it took about 2 to 5 minutes for each target location to automatically input the attributes of the spatial relationship reference object, As a result of automation of attribute input for reference objects, attribute input accuracy of 86.4% for high-speed national highways, 79.7% for general national highways, 82.4% for C-ITS, and 82.8% on average were secured.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 2008

Purpose: To enlarge the efficiency of operation and establish a constituency for development of new radiotherapy treatment through database which is established by arranging and indexing radiotherapy related affairs in well organized manner to have easy access by the user. Materials and Methods: In this study, Access program provided by Microsoft (MS Office Access) was used to operate the data base. The data of radiation oncology was distinguished by a business logs and maintenance expenditure in addition to stock management of accessories with respect to affairs and machinery management. Data for education and research was distinguished by education material for department duties, user manual and related thesis depending upon its property. Registration of data was designed to have input form according to its subject and the information of data was designed to be inspected by making a report. Number of machine failure in addition to its respective repairing hours from machine maintenance expenditure in a period of January 2008 to April 2009 was analyzed with the result of initial system usage and one year after the usage. Results: Radiation oncology database system was accomplished by distinguishing work related and research related criteria. The data are arranged and collected according to its subjects and classes, and can be accessed by searching the required data through referring the descriptions from each criteria. 32.3% of total average time was reduced on analyzing repairing hours by acquiring number of machine failure in addition to its type in a period of January 2008 to April 2009 through machine maintenance expenditure. Conclusion: On distinguishing and indexing present and past data upon its subjective criteria through the database system for radiation oncology, the use of information can be easily accessed to enlarge the efficiency of operation, and in further, can be a constituency for improvement of work process by acquiring various information required for new radiotherapy treatment in real time.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.2 s.308
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

As the security of personal information is becoming more important in mobile phones, we are starting to apply iris recognition technology to these devices. In conventional iris recognition, magnified iris images are required. For that, it has been necessary to use large magnified zoom & focus lens camera to capture images, but due to the requirement about low size and cost of mobile phones, the zoom & focus lens are difficult to be used. However, with rapid developments and multimedia convergence trends in mobile phones, more and more companies have built mega-pixel cameras into their mobile phones. These devices make it possible to capture a magnified iris image without zoom & focus lens. Although facial images are captured far away from the user using a mega-pixel camera, the captured iris region possesses sufficient pixel information for iris recognition. However, in this case, the eye region should be detected for accurate iris recognition in facial images. So, we propose a new fast iris detection method, which is appropriate for mobile phones based on corneal specular reflection. To detect specular reflection robustly, we propose the theoretical background of estimating the size and brightness of specular reflection based on eye, camera and illuminator models. In addition, we use the successive On/Off scheme of the illuminator to detect the optical/motion blurring and sunlight effect on input image. Experimental results show that total processing time(detecting iris region) is on average 65ms on a Samsung SCH-S2300 (with 150MHz ARM 9 CPU) mobile phone. The rate of correct iris detection is 99% (about indoor images) and 98.5% (about outdoor images).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2018

Purpose The introduction of bone scan has been reported as a useful tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and treatment response of skeletal disease. The purpose of this study is to improve the anatomical information and tolerance of the bone by combining bone scan and pelvic X-ray without additional radiation exposure. Materials and Methods From November 2015 to August 2016, 236 patients(64 men and 172 women, average age $50.96{\pm}15.39years$) take Bone scan and Pelvis AP(Anteroposterior) X-ray scan at the National Cancer Center. The scan equipment was a gamma camera, Symbia Ecam (SIEMENS, Germany), and a digital x-ray, DRS-800 (Listem, Korea). Osirix version 3.8.1 (Osirix, USA) and Stata/SE version 14.0 (StataCorp, USA) were used for image combination and analysis. The patient was intravenously injected with $^{99m}Tc-DPD$ (740 MBq), and the scan was performed 2 to 4 hours later. Gamma camera image acquisition were Matrix size $256{\times}1024$, Zoom 1.00, and scan speed 17 cm/min. The digital X-ray was made with a collimator size of $14^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times}17^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, 77 kVp (60 to 97 kVp) and an average of 30 mAs (20 to 48). ASIS and pubic symphysis Select virtual points then Combine three virtual points and pelvic contour lines. The acquired images were evaluated by three radiologists who worked for more than 5 years in the nuclear medicine department. Results Of the total 236 patients, 216 (91.53%) were matched. The median and range (min~max) of the age were 67 (46~81) years old in the unmatched group and 52 (22~87) years old in the matched group, The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to determine whether age was different between the two groups. As a result, the age difference between the two groups was statistically significant at p < 0.0001. Of the 64 men, 60 (93.75%) were match and of the 172 women, 156 (93.75%) were match. There was no statistically significant difference according to gender(p = 0.4542). Of the 54 patients without pelvic lesions, 54 (100.00%) were match, and 162 (89.01%) of 182 patients with pelvic lesions were match. There was a statistically significant difference according to the presence of pelvic lesions. Conclusion There are many variables in the combination of bone scan and pelvic X-ray imaging, and the patient's age and pelvic lesion may have some effect on the image combination. This study is expected to be useful for the diagnosis of pelvic osteosarcoma of children without radiation exposure. It is expected that this combination of images will help to develop the nuclear medicine image.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2008

Purpose : Obesity in children and adolescence is highly correlated with adult obesity, which can provoke hypertension. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the blood pressure of obese children regularly. In this study, the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in obese children and adolescents were evaluated. Methods : ABPM was conducted for selected patients who visited Handong University Sunlin Hospital from Feb. 1, 2006 to Dec. 1, 2007. The patients were classified into 3 groups: group 1 was normal, group 2 had normal casual blood pressure and a body mass index over the 95th percentile, and group 3 had high casual blood pressure over 120/80 mm Hg and a body mass index over the 95th percentile. Systolic and diastolic 24-hour blood pressure was measured, including both day and night. Results : There were 49 patients in the study. The results showed a significant difference for average systolic blood pressure between the three groups ($105.1{\pm}4.7$, $111.0{\pm}7.1$, $117.8{\pm}6.6mmHg$, P<0.001), but for average diastolic blood pressure only between groups 1 and 3 ($69.1{\pm}5.3$, $77.9{\pm}6.3mmHg$, P=0.001). In the daytime, only groups 1 and 3 showed a statistically significant difference for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. During the night the systolic pressure of group 3 was significantly higher than the other groups, but the diastolic pressure of group 3 was only higher than that group 1. No statistical difference was found in night dips among the groups. Conclusion : Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents showed statistically higher blood pressure in obese patients with high casual blood pressure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2009

Purpose:To evaluate the risk factors for mortality and prognostic factors in pediatric hemato-oncology patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric hemato-oncology patients admitted at the PICU of the Asan Medical Center between September 2005 and July 2008. Patients admitted at the PICU for perioperative or terminal care were excluded. Results:Total 88 patients were analyzed. Overall ICU mortality rate was 34.1%. Mean age at PICU admission was $7.0{\pm}5.7$ years and mean duration of PICU stay was $18.1{\pm}22.2$ days. Hematologic diseases contributed to 77.3% of all the primary diagnoses, and the primary cause of admission was respiratory failure (39.8%). The factors related to increased mortality were C-reactive protein level (P<0.01), ventilation or dialysis requirement (P<0.01), and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (P<0.05). In all, 3 scoring systems were investigated [Number of Organ System Failures (OSF number), the Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (PRISM III) score, and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score]; higher score correlated with worse outcome (P<0.01). The Oncological Pediatric Risk of Mortality (O-PRISM) scores of the 21 patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were higher among the non-survivors, but not statistically significant (P=0.203). Conclusion:The PRISM III and SOFA scores obtained within 24 hours of PICU admission were found to be useful as early mortality predictors. The highest OSF number during the PICU stay was closely related to poor outcome.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2004

Recently, the golden age of herbal cosmetics has come. Along with active introduction of oriental herbal lines, diversification of distribution channels is designated as a major feature. In this background, the present study attempts to consider the domestic market for oriental herbal cosmetics, which is growing rapidly with the introduction of various new brands, and examine the perceptions of this new type of cosmetics by women consumers based on their purchase behaviors, and search for the ways for its promotion and development. A survey was conducted to adult women consumers aged 19∼60 residing in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. Out of a total of 430 surveys distributed, 350 answer sheets were used for the analysis Among the results, the first-hand information on the herbal cosmetics market, their usage, and the consumer needs obtained in the present study will serve as a fundamental data for planning the marketing strategies for the oriental herbal cosmetics.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

Purpose: According to the development of CT scanner in PET/CT system, the role of CT unit as a diagnostic tool has been more important. To improve the diagnostic ability of CT scanner, it is a key aspect that CT scanning has to be performed with high dose energy and intravenous (IV) contrast. So we investigated the effect of IV contrast media on the maximum SUV (maxSUV) of normal tissues and pathologic lesions using PET/CT scanner with high dose CT scanning. Materials & Methods: The study enrolled 13 patients who required PET/CT evaluation. At first, the patients were performed whole body non-contrast CT (NCCT-120 kVp, 130 mAs) scan. Then contrast enhanced CT (CECT) scan was performed immediately. Finally PET scan was followed. The PET omission data were reconstructed twice, once with the NCCT and again with the CECT. We measured the maxSUV of 10 different body regions that were considered as normal in ail patients. Also pathologic lesions were investigated. Results: There were not seen focal artifacts in PET images based on CT with IV contrast agent. Firstly, 130 normal regions in 13 patients were evaluated. The maxSUV was significantly different between two PET images (p<0.00)). The maxSUV was $1.1{\pm}0.5$ in PET images with CECT-corrected attenuation and $1.0{\pm}0.5$ in PET images with NCCI-corrected attenuation. The limit of agreement was $0.1{\pm}0.3$ in Bland-Altman analysis. Especially there were significant differences in 6 of 10 regions, apex and base of the right lung, ascending aorta, segment 6 & segment 8 of the liver and spleen (p<0.05). Secondly, 39 pathologic lesions were evaluated. The maxSUV was significantly different between two PET images (p<0.001). The maxSUV was $4.7{\pm}2.0$ in PET images with CECT-corrected attenuation and $4.4{\pm}2.0$ in PET images with NCCT-corrected attenuation. The limit of agreement was $0.4{\pm}0.8$ in Bland-Altman analysis. Conclusion: Although there were increases of maxSUVs in the PET images based on CT with IV contrast agent, it was very narrow in the range of limit of agreement. So there was no significant effect to clinical interpretation for PET images that were corrected attenuation with high dose CT using IV contrast.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.863-873
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• 1999

배경: 혈전 생성은 심혈관계 삽입물이나 순환 보조장치의 발전에 있어서 중요한 문제이므로 이러한 장치들의 혈전성에 대한 평가는 필수적이다. 따라서 이러한 장치들의 혈전성 연구를 시행하기 위한 효과적인 생체 외 실험 방식이 개발되어 원심성 순환 펌프의 발전에 큰 도움이 되고 있으며, 최근 엄밀하게 혈액과 공기의 접촉을 차단하는 방식이 믿을 수 있는 생체 외 실험 방식으로 강조되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 모의 순환 회로를 이용하여 기존에 행해진 연구 방법 상의 공기 접촉에 따른 핼액 응고 기전의 활성화 여부를 알아보기 위하여 공기 접촉 여부에 따른 혈액 인자의 변화를 관찰하여 확인하고, 또한 회로 내에서 생성된 혈전을 생체 내에서 형성된 혈전과 비교 분석하여 이 모의 순환 회로를 이용한 생체 외 검사가 새로 고안된 심혈관계 장치들의 혈전성을 평가하는데 있어서 동물실험을 대신할 수 있다는 기존의 주장을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 바이오펌프를 이용한 같은 모의 순환 회로 한 쌍을 준비하고 동일 개체에서 얻은 헤파린을 첨가한(1u/$m\ell$) 신선한 혈액을 공기와 접촉시키지 않도록 한 A-회로와 공기와 접촉시킨 B-회로에 충전시켜 실험을 동시에 진행하여 결과를 얻었으며 총 12번 시행하였다. 회로에 충전한 혈액의 activated clotting time(ACT)은 정상의 3~5배였으며 ACT가 정상 범위의 1.5배가되면 실험을 끝냈고, Hematocrit(HCT), 혈소판, 동맥혈가스분석(ABGA), factor Ⅷ, factor \ulcorner, 섬유소원, thromboxane B2(TXB2), free hemoglobin(fHb) 등을 측정하였다. 실험이 끝난 후 A-회로와 B-회로에서 얻은 각 검사를 평가하고 분석하였으며 생성된 혈전을 생체 내에서 생성된 혈전과 조직 검사로 비교하였다. 본 연구의 자료분석은 SPSS 통계 프로그램을 이용하였고 유의수준 0.05를 기준으로 유의도를 판단하였다. 결과: 정상 ACT는 186.9$\pm$20.5초(평균$\pm$표준편차)이었고, 헤파린을 넣은 초기 ACT는 982.2$\pm$165.5초이었으며, 실험시간은 보통 60분에서 180분 사이였다. HCT, fHb, 혈소판, TXB2, factor Ⅷ, factor \ulcorner, 섬유원소의 초기값은 35.5$\pm$3.2%, 12.4$\pm$6.5 mg/dL, 354$\pm$56($\times$103)/$\mu$L, 72.6$\pm$15.1 mg/dL, 29.3$\pm$1.2%, 137.9$\pm$42.1 mg/dL, 그리고 17.7$\pm$9.7%이었다. 공기 접촉에 따른 차이를 보았을 때 ACT(p=0.398), HCT(p=0.988), fHb(p=0.898), 혈소판 (p=0.904), TXB2(p=0.985), factor Ⅷ(p=0.872), factor \ulcorner(p=0.489), 섬유원소(p=0.973)으로 전 예에서 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 실험 후 양 군에서 생성된 혈전의 현미경 소견은 B-회로의 혈전에 여러 군데 공기 방울이 관찰되는 것 이외에 A-회로에서 생성된 혈전과 차이가 없었고, 생체에서 생성된 혈전과 비교했을 때 그 양상이 같았다. A-회로와 B-회로에서 생성된 혈전의 총 량은 8.4$\pm$3.7 mL와 9.4$\pm$3.1 mL로 통계상 유의성은 없었다. (p=0.624). 결론: 모의 순환 회로를 이용한 혈전성 평가를 위한 생체 외 실험에 있어서 공기와의 접촉 여부는 혈액 응고 기전의 활성화나 혈전 생성에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않는다. 모의 순환 회로에서 형성된 혈전과 문헌에 있는 인체 내에서 형성된 혈전을 비교한 결과 그 형태가 일치하므로 이 모의 순환회로를 이용한 실험이 동물실험을 대신할 수 있다고 판단된다.